speech exam – Flashcards
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receiver
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a person who intercepts a message and then decodes it
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interpersonal communication
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communication that takes place any time messages are transmitted between two or more people
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written communication
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any communication that must be read
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nonverbal communication
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facial expressions or body movements used to express attitudes or moods about a person, situation or idea
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orator
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a person who delivers oratory and uses words effectively
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ethics
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a person's sense of right or wrong
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intrapersonal communication
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an inner dialogue conducted with oneself to assess one's thoughts, feelings and reactions
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communication
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the process of sending and receiving messages
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logical appeal
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the use of sequence, analysis, organization and evidence to prove a point
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symbol
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anything that stands for an idea and is used for communication
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sender
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a person who transmits a message
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motivation
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an inner drive, need or impulse that causes a person to act
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communication barrier
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any obstacle that gets in the way of effective communication
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stereotyping
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labeling every person in a group based on a preconceived idea as to what the group represents
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oral communication
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communication that is primarily spoken
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message
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that which is said or sent
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dialogue
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conversations between actors, two persons, or groups
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feedback
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a reaction that the receiver gives to a message offered by the sender
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ethical appeal
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a persuasive quality based on the speaker's natural honesty, sincerity, and commitment to what is right and good
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emotional appeal
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a persuasive technique that involves using issues and values such as patriotism, family and honor to win favor with the audience
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listening spare time
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thinking time created by the ability to listen faster than people can speak
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stack the deck
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to present unbalanced evidence that only presents one side
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discriminative listening
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a listening style used to single out one particular sound from a noisy environment
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testimonial
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a celebrity or expert endorsement of a message
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passive listening
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listening role in which the listener does not share in the responsibility nor involve himself in the communication process
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name calling
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to give someone a negative label without evidence
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paraphrase
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to repeat in one's own words
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door opener
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a phrase used by the listener to invite the speaker to continue
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jump on the bandwagon
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persuasive technique based on the need to conform
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false comparison
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a comparison of unlike things
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active listening
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a listening role in which the listener participates and shares in the communication process by guiding the speaker toward common interests
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summarize
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to cover the main points in a compact manner without waster words
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critical listening
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a listening style used to evaluate and analyze a message for logic and value
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appreciative listening
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listening style used to enjoy and savor pleasurable sounds such as music or nature
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empathic listening
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to use emotional barriers to absorb information selectively
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filter
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a style of listening encouraging people to talk freely without fear of embarrassment
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competitive
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independent and self-oriented
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group think
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tendency to conform to group opinion
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constructive conflict
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difference of opinion that leads to creative alternatives
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question of interpretation
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a question about opinions
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symposium
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discussion format in which a few experts give short speeches
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round table
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discussion format typical of cabinet meetings
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forum
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opportunity for audience members to ask questions
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discussion
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exchange of info and ideas among a group
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town hall meeting
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discussion format involving an entire community
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criteria
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set of standards for evaluation
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disruptive conflict
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disagreement that prevents a group from making a decision
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brainstorming
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creative process for coming up with ideas
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panel
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informal discussion before an audience
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question of fact
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a question about info
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cooperative
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helpful and unselfish
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question of evaluation
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a question about value judgments
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cohesion
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social "glue" that holds a group together
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consensus
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nearly unanimous agreement
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moderator
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impartial person who organizes a discussion
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reputation
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the way that a person is known to others
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indifferent audience
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an audience that is apathetic or disinterested in the speaker and his topic
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integrity
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strong sense of right or wrong
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supportive audience
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an audience that likes the speaker and his topic
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disclaimer
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a speaker's attempt to explain what is not to be inferred by the speech
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credentials
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qualifications
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opposed audience
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an audience that is hostile to the speaker or to the speaker's topic
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captive audience
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an audience that has been forced to be in attendance
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compromise
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a negotiation strategy in which each individual gives up something to meet in the middle
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sincerity
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quality of being honest or genuine
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logos
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greek word for logic and reason
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proof
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specific evidence that establishes the truth of something
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composure
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a calm, controlled manner
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goodwill
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genuine interest or concern
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persuasive speaking
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speaking that influences others to believe or think something or take action
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ethos
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greek word for character
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pathos
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greek word for feelings or emotions
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uncommitted audience
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an audience that is neutral about the speaker's topic
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competency
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ability to get something done
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unbiased
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objective
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testimonial speech
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a speech of praise honoring a living person
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after dinner speech
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an entertaining speech that follows a banquet or a meal
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commemorative speech
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an inspiring speech recalling heroic events of persons
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commencement address
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a speech given during a graduation ceremony
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dramatic interpretation
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a speech contest in which a speaker memorizes and performs a work of literature of a more serious nature
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eulogy
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a speech praising or honoring someone who has died
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original oratory
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a speech contest in which contestants write on a topic of their choice
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humorous interpretation
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a speech contest in which a speaker memorizes or performs a work or literature of a lighter nature
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extemporaneous speaking
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a speech contest in which a speaker writes and delivers a speech on a topic of current interest. This speech is usually presented with few or no notes
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speech of acceptance
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a brief speech given by a person who receives a gift or award
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speech of presentation
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a brief speech presenting a person with an award or gift
