Speech Communication Jud Davis Final – Flashcards
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Ashley says, "The porch light was shining like the North Star." This is an example of _______. A. a simile B. parallel language C. connotative language D. a metaphor
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A
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Which of these statements accurately reflects stereotypes? A. Stereotypes are usually not harmful. B. Stereotypes are always negative. C. Stereotypes are generalizations based on ideas about a group, not specific aspects of an individual. D. Stereotypes are negative actions towards others.
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C
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To improve perception, we should _______. A. keep your perceptions to yourself B. realize that we'll be stuck with the same perception for a while C. trust first impressions D. seek out more information
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D
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If Yolanda was upset because she was unable to get a hamburger and French fries for lunch one day during her study abroad to Guatemala, her attitude would be demonstrating _______. A. ethnocentrism B. anxiety C. assuming similarity D. stereotyping
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C
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A paraphrase is _______. A. a repetition of what a person said B. a guess of what you think a person wants you to say C. your effort to find out the reasons behind what someone is saying D. your understanding of what a person meant
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D
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Jared wants to be a professional singer/songwriter. He performs at open-mike nights, competes in karaoke competitions, and spends the majority of his free time writing and rehearsing. Jared is responding to his ______. A. self-talk B. self-esteem C. self-perception D. ideal self-concept
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D
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"A compound sentence has two independent clauses," is an example of ______. A. phonology B. dialect C. syntax D. lexicon
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C
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Which of these is an example of a vocalized pause? A. Theresa says "um" when she cannot think of the word she means. B. Chuck speaks more rapidly when he is nervous. C. Bonita speaks louder to emphasize an important point. D. John lowers the tone of pitch of his voice to sound more serious.
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A
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Which of these is an example of a symbol used in communication? A. a word B. silence C. a hand gesture D. all of these are examples of symbols
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D
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During the evaluation stage of listening you _______. A. ask questions B. separate fact from inference C. engage in empathy D. take notes
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B
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How does culture affect interpersonal communication? A. Culture affects whether or not we engage in encoding and decoding. B. Culture affects how competent we are at interpersonal communication. C. Interpersonal communication is not really affected by culture. D. Culture affects how we perceive symbols.
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D
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When you are really interested in another person or in his or her ideas, your eye contact with that person is likely to ______. A. increase B. be unpredictable C. decrease D. remain the same
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A
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If someone comments that a speaker has a "nasally" voice, they are commenting on the speaker's ______. A. intonation B. pitch C. quality (timbre) D. rate
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C
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Tia says, "Ew! Lizards are so gross and scary." Aimee disagrees, "No way! They're awesome pets and so sweet." Tia and Aimee are disagreeing about the _______ meaning of the word "lizard." A. metaphoric B. concrete C. denotative D. connotative
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D
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According to the text, our "evaluation of competence and worthiness" defines _______. A. self-attribution B. self-concept C. self-esteem D. self-consideration
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C
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When Elizabeth moved from New York to Savannah, Georgia, she had a hard time adjusting to the slower pace, to people opening doors for her, and to people calling her ma'am. She felt that what others intended as friendly gestures invaded her personal space. Elizabeth experienced _______. A. culture shock B. high uncertainty avoidance C. low power distance D. low context
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A
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A competent communicator knows how and when to vary their voice so as not to violate _______. A. territorial space B. volume space C. acoustic space D. personal space
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C
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United States tends to be monochronically oriented. In this culture _______. A. individuals arrive when it is convenient for them B. individuals do not wear watches C. individuals expect an apology or explanation when someone is late D. individuals can be engaged in many activities at one time
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C
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The process of putting our thoughts and feelings into words and nonverbal cues is called _______. A. semantics B. encoding C. decoding D. feedback
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B
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Intercultural communication _______. A. refers to the psychological discomfort you may feel when you interact with people from different cultures B. refers to an exchange between members of different cultures C. refers to interactions that occur between people whose cultures are so different that the communication between them is altered D. hurts local cultures
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C
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Diana takes a work phone call while she's in the car. She tries to pay attention to the call, but she also has to focus on traffic and driving. What kind of context is affecting Diana's communication? A. cultural context B. physical context C. historical context D. social context
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B
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Thinking "a person who is very careful about spending money" when someone describes a person as "thrifty" represents a process called _______. A. semantics B. feedback C. communicating D. encoding E. decoding
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E
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A person who focuses on the emotions of the speaker is a _______. A. time-oriented listener B. content-oriented listener C. people-oriented listener D. action-oriented listener
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C
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If you can't pay attention because a song lyric is stuck in your head, you are experiencing _______. A. semantic noise B. physiological noise C. internal noise D. message filtering
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C
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Because Dawson is a muscular, attractive male, Emily perceives him as being popular, an average student, and a superb athlete. This best exemplifies the idea of _______. A. self-esteem B. implicit personality theories C. attributions D. stereotyping
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B
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A dialect is ______. A. a collection of words and expressions B. a sound used to pronounce words C. a unique form of a more general language D. a set of rules for combining words to form sentences
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C
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If, in a communication setting, the receiver is expected to understand the message based on the time, place, and way the message is delivered, the speaker is probably from a ______. A. monochronic culture B. high-context culture C. polychrinic culture D. low-context culture
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B
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According to your text, the self-concept can best be defined as _______. A. a combination of your original ideas and theories about life B. a set of assumptions developed about physical characteristics and popularity C. a mental image a person has about his or her skills, abilities, and knowledge D. a pattern of behavior that characterizes a person's place in a context
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C
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What three things can help improve your communication competence? A. motivation, knowledge, and skills B. motivation, desire, and expertise C. encoding, decoding, and feedback D. skills, context, and semantics
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A
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Amy was traumatized as a child when she had a bad experience jumping from a diving board. To this day, she considers herself a poor swimmer. That experience as a child has affected her. A. self-esteem B. role C. self-perception D. self-monitoring
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C
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Which of these is an accurate paraphrase of this company policy: "Returns will be accepted within 60 days of purchase with a receipt. After 60 days, no returns or exchanges will be made"? A. "If you want to return something, you must do so within two months and have your receipt." B. "No returns will be made without a receipt." C. "You can return things within 60 days." D. "You can return things to this store."
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A
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Saying "three-bedroom ranch" instead of "house" is a matter of word ______. A. specificity B. emphasis C. vividness D. concreteness
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A
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The importance of understanding personal assumptions behind a word is _______. A. denotative meaning B. literal meaning C. less important than nonverbal messages D. connotative meaning
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D
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The fact that silence is a form of communication demonstrates that _______. A. communication is continuous B. communication is situated C. communication is irreversible D. communication has purpose
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A
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Danielle is listening to her teacher's lecture, working hard to understand so that she can do well on the test. She is engaging in _______ listening. A. empathic B. discriminative C. appreciative D. active
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D
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Ashlee likes that she is small, has long hair and enjoys wearing dresses. However, she also likes to wear men's jeans, is a construction worker, and does not intend to have children. Based on this information, Ashlee is probably from a _______ culture. A. feminine B. high power distance C. collectivist D. low uncertainty avoidance
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A
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In response to the statement "I brought all the boxes up to the second floor, and he tells me I didn't do what I was supposed to—that really irks me," which of the following best holds the characteristics of an effective supportive message? A. "He's a real jerk, isn't he?" B. "Maybe he didn't yell at you. Maybe he just has a loud voice." C. "Were you supposed to bring them to the basement instead?" D. "Yeah, I can understand why you'd be upset."
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D
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When Miriam noticed that a group of Asian women in the cafeteria had an increased loudness or pitch to their speech, she assumed that they must be arguing. Which of the following is she demonstrating? A. anxiety B. ethnocentrism C. incompatible norms and values D. incompatible communication codes
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D
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A mother tells her child to go clean his room. He does this, although he mumbles something under his breath and makes a face to let her know that he's not happy about it. This is an example of _______. A. noise B. context C. feedback channel D. decoding
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C
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A person who values a company's health and retirement plans more than the base salary is probably from a _______ culture. A. high uncertainty-avoidance B. long-term oriented C. feminine D. low uncertainty-avoidance
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B
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Pragmatic meaning comes from understanding a message related to the context. A. True B. False
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True
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We are more apt to self-monitor when we are familiar with the situation. A. True B. False
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False
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Using multiple channels to transmit messages leads to confusion and less accurate interpretation of your message. A. True B. False
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False
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Emoticons are a type of verbal communication. A. True B. False
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False
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Concrete words are sense-related. We use concrete words to describe what we can see, smell, touch, hear, or taste. (p. 63) A. True B. False
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True
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Our brains attempt to simplify complex information so that we can process it quicker and easier. A. True B. False
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True
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When we know we want to be at a dinner party on time, we are operating under the aspect of time known as polychronic time orientation. A. True B. False
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False
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Assumed similarity helps us communicate interculturally because we usually communicate better when we understand others in terms of ourselves. A. True B. False
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False
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The terms prejudice and discrimination both involve action and can be used interchangeably. A. True B. False
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False
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Intonation, pitch, and vocalized pauses are all elements of paralanguage. A. True B. False
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True
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The difference between a topic and a subject is that _______. A. a topic is a broad concept; a subject is a specific one B. a topic is a type of speech; a subject is the base of a speech C. a topic is a specific aspect of a subject D. a topic is a generalized subject
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C
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_______ is an uncritical, unevaluative process of generating ideas. A. Audience analysis B. Brainstorming C. Concept mapping D. Contrasting
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B
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If you had several related ideas for a speech topic and wanted to explore the connections between them, you could _______. A. interview an expert B. brainstorm C. create a concept map D. conduct a survey
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C
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When considering the rhetorical situation for a speech, you should _______. A. analyze the audience B. adapt to the audience C. determine a speech goal D. all of the above
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D
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To forecast audience reactions, a speaker should use the data collected to answer which of the following questions? A. What is the audience's knowledge, and what are the interests of its members? B. What is the age range of the audience, and what is its educational background? C. What is the economic background of the audience, and what is the sex of its members? D. What is the occasion of the speech, and what is my purpose?
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A
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The specific speech goal should ________. A. encompass no more than two ideas B. be left in the infinitive form to ensure understanding C. be revised so it includes the desired audience response D. be revised so that it reflects the intent of your speech
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C
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A specific speech goal _______. A. tells exactly what the subject and topic are B. states the response you want from your audience as a result of the speech C. is another term for thesis statement D. should be determined before you commit yourself to a topic
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B
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Which of the following is an example of plagiarism? A. Alex paraphrases a paragraph from a book in his speech without an oral footnote. B. Evan gives a speech that his friend wrote the previous semester. C. Carole quotes a line from an article without an oral footnote. D. All of the above
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D
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Which of the following would be the best wording of the specific goal for a speaker who wants to support the implementation of a tax cut? A. Should we adopt a tax cut now? B. No one could possibly support a tax cut now. C. I want the audience to believe that the United States should implement a tax cut. D. I want the audience to understand three alternatives to cutting taxes.
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C
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Data that you personally collect from the real world is considered _______. A. primary research B. credential research C. secondary research D. online research
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A
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How many sources should you use in a speech? A. 4-5 B. one for every two minutes of the speech C. the number will vary depending on the topic, setting, and your own expertise D. the number will vary depending on how much time you have to do the research
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C
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When you want to get the opinion of a large number of people on a topic, _______. A. conduct an interview B. conduct a survey C. look for library sources D. look for newspaper articles
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B
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Using the most updated edition of a source is a means of ensuring that source's _______. A. authority B. objectivity C. currency D. relevance
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C
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A _______ is a planned, structured conversation where one person asks questions and another answers them. A. survey B. field observation C. experiment D. interview
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D
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If you mentioned U.S. Presidents Lincoln, Garfield, Kennedy, and Reagan in a portion of your speech to help make a point, you would be using factual statements called _______. A. illustrations B. analogies C. anecdotes D. examples
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D
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Plagiarism is _______. A. the use of especially lengthy quotations B. the overuse of source material C. the undocumented use of a direct quotation D. inaccurately paraphrasing a source
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C
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When citing sources in your speechy, you should_______ A. give all your bibliographical detail B. refer your audience to your written material C. give a list of sources consulted at the end of the speech D. mention the sources of your most important information
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D
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Of the following, the best way to cite a source in a speech would be _______. A. "According to a magazine I read last week . . ." B. "According to Arthur Jones in Harper's magazine, August 7, 1989, in an article entitled "New Sources of Energy," on page 17 . . ." C. "According to Arthur Jones in an article in last August's issue of Harper's magazine . . ." D. "According to "New Sources of Energy" . . ."
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C
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When preparing a speech, you should first plan the _______. A. introduction B. body C. conclusion D. it doesn't matter
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B
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You will only want to start the body of the speech after you have first _______. A. analyzed the audience, determined the main points, and written a thesis B. analyzed the audience, determined main points, and prepared sectional transitions C. analyzed the audience, developed a speech goal, and assembled some research D. analyzed the audience, done some research, and determined main points
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C
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Which of the following is NOT a method of organizing the main points of a speech? A. topic order B. alphabetical order C. time order D. logical reasons order
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B
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If, for a speech on space exploration, you discussed the role of scientists, the role of government, and the role of the public, you would be using a basic speech pattern known as _______. A. time order B. space order C. topic order D. logical reasons order
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C
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A good speech introduction will _______. A. state the information on the outline B. get the attention of the audience C. leave the introduction of the content to the body of the speech D. not be necessary with a captive audience
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B
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Creating goodwill refers to _______. A. encouraging charity among audience members B. using clever examples C. exhibiting warmth and good intent D. a requirement of an informative speech
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C
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A commencement speaker starts her speech by saying, "When I was a student at this university, I anxiously anticipated the day I would sit where each of you are sitting. I studied hard, made many friends, and participated in many campus activities as I anticipated graduation." Her statement is an example of _______. A. a quotation B. a personal reference C. a joke D. a startling statement
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B
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A _______ is a brief mention of something that happened to you or a hypothetical situation with you as the subject. A. quotation B. startling statement C. thesis statement D. personal reference
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D
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When a speaker concludes a speech by reviewing the main points of that speech, the conclusion would be called _______. A. an illustration B. an appeal C. a challenge D. a summary
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D
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Which of the following statements accurately describe an effective speech outline? A. It should list all parts of the speech in full sentences. B. It should not include subpoints. C. It should use a consistent pattern of numbering, lettering, and indentation. D. It doesn't matter what form it is in as long as the speaker can understand it.
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C
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Taren is giving a presentation on Japanese culture. Rather than just showing pictures of Japan and its people, she has shared samples of authentic Japanese cuisine with the audience. She is utilizing a(n) _______. A. visual aid B. audio aid C. audiovisual aid D. sensory aid
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D
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Sheng wants to show the chain of command within the organization she is discussing. She wants to include hierarchy, who communicates with whom, and relationships between roles. This could be demonstrated best by using _______. A. a pie graph B. a flow chart C. a bar graph D. a model
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B
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Showing the class the type of baseball used for little league teams is a type of visual aid known as _______. A. a model B. an actual object C. a demonstrator D. a graph
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B
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Daria wants to show her audience where the kidneys, bladder, and liver are in the body. To do this most effectively she should use _______. A. a chart B. a photograph C. a slide show D. a simple drawing
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D
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Chalkboards are appropriate for use _______. A. when you don't feel like taking time to make another kind of visual aid B. when you plan to volunteer to go first C. when what you want to show is very simple or short D. at any time; they are usually the best visual aids
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C
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June is giving a speech on bird calls. What presentation could June use to help her audience understand three different types of bird calls? A. a word chart B. a model C. a diagram D. an audio recording
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D
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An effective oral style _______. A. tends toward short sentences B. features plural personal pronouns C. features descriptive words and phrases D. incorporates clear structural elements E. all of the above
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E
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Linda gave a motivational speech for a local business. She described each department as a different part of the body, and explained how every part had to work together so the business/body could run. She was using a _______. A. simile B. metaphor C. analogy D. alliteration
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C
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Which of the following statements are true about slang? A. Slang is never appropriate communication. B. Slang is primarily used by teenagers. C. Slang can be effective if it is appropriate for the context and listeners. D. Slang is an example of vivid language.
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C
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Using the words "patches of different colors" instead of "variegated" when talking with an 11-year-old is a matter of word _______. A. specificity B. precision C. concreteness D. appropriateness
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D
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Saying "A doctor puts in long, hard years to earn his degree" _______. A. is an example of marking B. is an example of generic language C. would be using appropriate language D. is an example of good audience adaptation
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B
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Words used to structure a speech such as "secondly," and "in conclusion," are referred to as _______. A. vocalized pauses B. signposts C. markers D. slang
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B
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______ is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are near one another. A. alliteration B. assonance C. onomatopoeia D. simile
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A
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A speaker can damage their credibility by _______. A. using personal experience as fact B. using exclusive language C. using jargon the audience is unfamiliar with D. all of the above
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D
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When using speaking notes, which of these should you do? A. Type the entire text of your speech and paste it onto notecards. B. Use three standard sheets of paper per minute of your speech. C. Practice primarily with your entire speech outline and switch to speaking notes only for the official presentation. D. Avoid including any nonverbal notes so that you don't end up saying them aloud. E. Use the fewest words possible to guide you
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E
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One of the techniques you can use to help manage your nervousness is to _______. A. try not to look at your audience while you are speaking B. start talking a few seconds before you get to the speaker's stand C. try to keep in mind how important the speech is to your grade D. be well prepared
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D
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Common articulation problems include _______. A. accenting the incorrect syllable B. slurring sounds and adding a sound where there is none C. transposing words D. stuttering and lisping
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B
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Speakers who slouch are considered to have poor _______. A. poise B. movement C. posture D. gestures
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C
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Speaking with no changes in pitch or rate is described as speaking _______. A. with poor articulation B. in a monotone C. speaks in an impromptu manner D. conversationally
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B
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During Ashlee's speech, she talks with the same inflections, pauses, and other qualities she uses when talking to friends even though her speech is carefully planned and rehearsed. Ashlee's speech has _______. A. a performance orientation B. a conversational style C. an impromptu style D. a communication style E. a professional orientation
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B
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Generally, the best notes for your speech will consist of _______. A. the speech outline you developed in preparation B. complete sentence statements of main points written in small letters so as to fit as much material on your note cards as possible C. key words or phrases written in large letters that help trigger your thought D. the speech itself written in large letters on note cards
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C
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During your speech practices, you should work to create a sense of spontaneity and _______. A. humor B. enthusiasm C. visual aids D. a wardrobe that will show professionalism
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B
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Critical analysis of speeches provides an analysis of where the speech was strong or weak, but also _______. A. suggests more effective tips and techniques B. can help with communication apprehension C. will encourage praise and high self-esteem D. provides insight into methods for future speeches
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D
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Which of the following behaviors is most likely to produce a creative approach to a speech? A. giving yourself enough time to be creative B. finishing your outline and sitting down for half an hour to be creative C. not trying to be creative—letting it take care of itself D. sticking with the first idea that comes to you; it is usually the best
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A
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If in your informative speech on the Hope diamond you explained the size, shape, weight, and color of the diamond, you would be using an example of a _______. A. comparison and contrast B. definition C. narration D. description
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D
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"One of the ways of responding is with aversion—a feeling of dislike, a sort of running away from a person and avoiding him" is an example of a _______. A. comparison and contrast B. definition C. contrast D. description
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B
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In your informative speech on the development of the human child, you explain that by age three most other mammals are already independent and almost fully adults. Human babies, on the other hand, are still very much dependent on their mothers. This explanation is an example of a _______. A. comparison and contrast B. definition C. narration D. description
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A
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The sentence "A trowel is an instrument used for moving and smoothing concrete" defines trowel by A. classification B. synonym C. etymology D. function
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D
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When planning a demonstration speech, _______. A. having personal experience with your topic area is more critical than with other kinds of informative speeches B. you should plan on showing the entire process from start to finish C. if the time limit doesn't allow you to show the entire process, you should change your topic D. a visual aid is less important than with a more complex topic
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A
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Todd notices that several audience members rolled their eyes during a portion of his speech. He adapts by saying, "Now, you may think that what I've just said is ridiculous. I'd like you to hear me out as I next explain why I think this is a practical plan," and he continues with his speech. Todd's statement is an example of _______. A. giving audience motivation B. employing pathos C. being responsive D. a straw person argument
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C
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If your audience is very much opposed to your speech goal, _______. A. you should change your speech topic because you are very unlikely to change their minds B. you should only expect to move their opinion a little bit closer in your direction C. you should use the same strategy as those audiences who mildly oppose your speech goal D. none of the above
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B
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An audience that has a positive attitude toward your speech goal _______. A. is inevitably not going to work for your speech B. may require you to switch opinions and take the opposite side C. should be asked to take action on the topic D. will require you to provide information to aid in understanding
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C
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A decision to buy a car based on an analysis of cost, comparative features, and frequency of repair would be a decision based on ________. A. credibility B. emotion C. reasons D. fallacies
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C
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The following outline applies to the following questions. As you listened to a speech, you noted these points: I. You should watch ER. II. Episodes portray the leading characters with great sensitivity. III. Whether the medical staff portrayed are "good" or "bad," we come to know them as persons; we see all facets of them. IV. The stories often have a great deal of emotional impact. V. You find yourself really caring about what happens to the people involved in various incidents in the show. Statement V is _______. A. a specific goal statement B. evidence or support for a reason C. a reason D. irrelevant to the development E. a good introductory statement
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B
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When you are selecting evidence to support your speech claims, you should make sure that _______. A. the evidence comes from a well-respected source B. the evidence is recent C. the evidence will be persuasive with this audience D. all of the above
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D
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In a speech arguing that college tuition is far too expensive, you explain that there are high quality colleges in Canada that charge half the cost. This is an example of which kind of argument? A. argument by analogy B. arguing from causation C. arguing by sign D. none of the above
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A
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If you support the point that Colorado ski resort towns have been seeing an increase in wildlife habitat loss with the argument that "There have been increased reporting of bear and deer in the downtown area," you would be _______. A. arguing by analogy B. arguing from causation C. arguing by example D. arguing by sign
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D
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Dorri presents two solutions to a problem as if they are the only two options when there are really many choices. Dorri is engaging in the _______ fallacy. A. straw person B. comparative advantage C. ad hominem D. either-or
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D
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A persuasive speech may attempt to change someone's _______. A. attitude B. beliefs C. actions D. all of the above
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D
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If you discover during your audience analysis that the costs associated with your proposition outweigh the incentives that you are offering, _______. A. you should probably reconsider what you are asking the audience to do B. you should reorganize your speech C. you should try to trigger the peripheral route D. none of the above
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A
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A speech attempting to persuade you to support a gun control bill because guns are used in a high percentage of crimes, because gun control will lower the use of guns, and because this bill on gun control is better than previous bills, is organized by what pattern? A. motivated sequence B. problem-solution C. comparative advantages D. criteria satisfaction
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B
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A speech attempting to persuade you to buy a Ford rather than a Hyundai because parts are more readily available and service is cheaper uses a pattern of organization called _______. A. motivated sequence B. problem-solution C. comparative advantages D. criteria satisfaction
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C
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The speaker should not be concerned with the size of the audience and special expectations for a speech, as that is the job of the person or organization sponsoring the speech. A. True B. False
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False
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The "exigence" of a speech is the reason the speech needs to be given. A. True B. False
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True
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If Kwame is trying to explain the four steps to an exercise program, his general goal is to persuade the audience. A. True B. False
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False
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It is not necessary to cite a source when you paraphrase it. A. True B. False
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False
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Expert opinions are considered trustworthy and can be used to take the place of facts. A. True B. False
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False
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The best speeches are delivered using a full manuscript of the speech. A. True B. False
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False
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The organizational pattern you choose will determine the order to your main points. A. True B. False
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True
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One of the goals of the introduction is to establish credibility. A. True B. False
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True
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Using a presentational aid will help make your information clearer to your audience. A. True B. False
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True
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Many novice speakers overuse computer-mediated presentations and allow the visual to become the show and not simply an aid. A. True B. False
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True
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When it comes to handouts, the more information the better. A. True B. False
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False
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Dating information helps increase message effectiveness and increases speaker credibility. A. True B. False
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True
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Jargon and slang are appropriate in most situations. A. True B. False
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False
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Using personal pronouns develops verbal immediacy and common ground with the audience. A. True B. False
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True
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Spontaneity allows a speaker to present a speech that sounds natural and not memorized. A. True B. False
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True
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Visualizing a successful speaking experience is not considered useful. A. True B. False
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False
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The etymology of a particular word will provide words that have the same or similar meanings. A. True B. False
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False
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Creativity does not involve productive thinking, only free association. A. True B. False
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False
question
Reasoning that what is true in some instances or examples is true in all instances is an example of arguing by example. A. True B. False
answer
True
question
When you evoke positive emotions, your audience will more carefully consider your proposition and arguments. A. True B. False
answer
True
