Speech 1311 Final - Flashcards

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All messages involve content and relationship dimensions.

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True

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Ambiguity is tolerated more in low-uncertainty-avoidance cultures than in high-uncertainty-avoidance cultures.

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True

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Annie thought the movie was great even though she thought the beginning was boring. Annie experienced the recency effect.

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True

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Communication is a reversible and erasable process.

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False

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Daydreaming is an example of psychological noise.

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True

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One recommended way to resist the pressure to self-disclose is to change the topic.

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True

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One way to increase accuracy in forming impressions is to reduce your uncertainty through the process of perception checking.

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True

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People are either ethnocentric or not ethnocentric.

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False

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Telling people information about themselves that they do not know is one way to self-disclose.

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False

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The looking-glass self is based on the idea of how you see yourself directly.

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False

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"Camping is an excellent activity for people of all ages" is an example of active verb choice.

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False

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By using transitions, you can help your audience see how one point relates to another.

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True

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Effective speakers must follow the steps of public speaking in order as they are presented in the text.

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False

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In politically sensitive cases or when the media impose severe time restrictions on the speech, it may be wise to consider using the manuscript method of delivery.

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True

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In your introduction, you should try to accomplish two goals: (1) gain your audience's attention and (2) orient the audience-tell them a little bit about what you will talk about.

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True

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It is a good idea to pause before an important idea.

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True

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It is best to plan to cover a broad topic in detail rather than a limited topic in generalities.

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False

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Providing proof in the form of logical and motivational support is essential to persuasive speaking.

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True

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To make it easier for listeners to follow and remember your speech, use parallel grammatical structures in wording your major propositions.

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True

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Two general purposes of speeches are to inform and to persuade.

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True

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A good speaker will know his or her presentation aids so well that it is possible to point to something without breaking eye contact with the audience.

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True

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An appropriate specific purpose statement for a speech on the concept of postmodernism would be "to describe postmodernism".

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False

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Examples, illustrations, and narratives may be factual or imaginary.

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True

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If it is feasible, it is helpful to bring the object being discussed to use as a presentation aid in the speech.

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True

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If you cite a definition available in a dictionary, you have presented an operational definition.

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False

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If you define the term "inflation" by citing the definition of a noted economist, you are defining by linguistic development.

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False

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If you want to demonstrate the muscles of the body, different voice patterns, or hairstyles, you may want to use a person as a visual aid.

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True

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One pitfall of using whiteboard is that you can lose your audience through lack of eye contact.

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True

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One way to make an informative speech easy to remember for an audience is to make sure they understand the pattern or organization you are using.

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True

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People learn information more easily and retain it longer when it is related in some way to what they already know.

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True

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"Gay men are so creative" is a heterosexist statement.

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True

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"The governor is either with us or against us" is an example of polarization.

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True

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Companies' reluctance to hire members of minority groups is an example of individual racism.

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False

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Connotations of words are found in dictionaries.

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False

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Effective nonverbal communication is situational. To be effective, you should adapt your nonverbal messages to the specific situation.

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True

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It is best to use cultural identifiers that are recognized and used by cultural groups themselves.

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True

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Personal distance is the closest of all distances and ranges from actual touching to around 6 to 18 inches.

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False

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Proficiency in sending and receiving nonverbal messages can directly affect a person's popularity.

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True

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Silence tends to serve the same functions in most cultures.

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False

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The two important messages that smell communicates are attraction and identification.

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True

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Empathic listening is preferable to objective listening regardless of the context or the speaker's state of mind.

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False

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Generally, effective listeners are effective managers.

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True

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Hearing and listening are essentially the same process.

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False

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One way to ensure effectiveness in the understanding stage of the listening process is to paraphrase the speaker's ideas.

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True

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Politeness in communication is the exclusive function of the speaker.

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False

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Researchers disagree on the significance and extent of gender differences in listening.

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True

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The evaluation stage of listening can be made more effective by resisting evaluation until you fully understand the speaker's viewpoint.

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True

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The responding stage of the listening process can be enhanced through the use of "I" messages.

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True

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Through active listening, we express acceptance of the speaker's feelings and encourage the speaker to elaborate on those feelings.

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True

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Understanding means grasping both the thoughts that are expressed and the emotional tone that accompanies them.

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True

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Character attacks, often referred to as ad hominem arguments, involve accusing another person (usually an opponent) of some wrongdoing or some character flaw.

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True

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Credibility appeals are needed only if your audience is not aware of your knowledge and expertise.

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False

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If you use reasoning from specific instances to generalizations as a logical appeal in a persuasive speech, it is important to consider the number of specific instances you are using.

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True

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In regard to supporting material for persuasive speeches, logical appeals tend to have the most lasting effect.

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True

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No matter how passionate the speaker's voice or bodily movement, no matter how compelling the language, passion does no prove the case the speaker is presenting.

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True

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Persuasion is most effective when it strives for small changes and works over a period of time.

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False

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Persuasive speakers may have a goal to weaken the audience's existing attitude, beliefs, or values.

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True

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Questions of policy are intended to persuade listeners that this is the policy to adopt or not adopt.

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True

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The selective exposure principle holds that listeners will expose themselves to high credibility sources more often than to low credibility sources.

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False

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When reasoning from causes and effects, you must go in one direction, from cause to effect.

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False

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According to rules theory, romantic partners should acknowledge each other's individual identities and lives beyond the relationship.

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True

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According to the principle of similarity, if you could construct your mate, it is likely that your mate would look, act, and think very much like you.

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True

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Agapic love is compassionate and selfless.

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True

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Asking a gas station attendant for directions is not considered interpersonal communication.

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False

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During the involvement stage, your text messaging and Facebook interactions may intensify.

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True

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It is best to compliment in moderation.

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True

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Manic love is a peaceful and tranquil love.

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False

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The closing stage of a conversation may be used to schedule future conversations.

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True

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The fourth step of the conversation, the feedback stage, is the reverse of the opening.

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False

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Turn-maintaining cues do not allow you to communicate your wish to maintain the role of speaker.

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False

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Face-enhancing conflict strategies are those that support and confirm a person's positive face.

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True

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Generally, fighting actively is preferable to avoiding conflict.

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True

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In collectivistic cultures, conflicts most often involve violations of larger group norms and values.

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True

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Interpersonal conflict can only lead to negative effects.

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False

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Interpersonal conflict occurs only when relationships are in trouble.

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False

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Most conflicts contain elements of disagreement about content or relationship issues.

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True

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Neutrality is a supportive conflict management strategy.

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False

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People must be interdependent to engage in interpersonal conflict.

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True

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The conflict management strategies people choose are generally not influenced by their family histories.

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False

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The consequence of the avoiding style of conflict management is that both parties lose.

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True

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"Do you understand what I've just asked you to do?" is an example of a

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metamessage

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"You cannot not communicate" expresses which principle of communication?

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Communication is inevitable.

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A question aimed at making a statement or producing some type of desired effect is referred to as

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a rhetorical question

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According to your book, competent communicators

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think critically and mindfully

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An acceptable way to close a presentation is to

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pose a challenge to the audience

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Analyzing the sociology of your audience includes considering

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their religion

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Artie believes Asian people are more intelligent than other people. Artie is engaging in which perceptual process?

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stereotyping

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Artifactual communication would include

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jewelry

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As vice president of sales and marketing for HJK Company, Nin is required to give quarterly presentations to the board of directors. For these presentations, Nin prepares thoroughly and speaks from a brief outline. Nin's delivery method is best describes as

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extemporaneous

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Before going to a reception at the university president's house, Abby reminds her date, Homer, not to act like he is at a fraternity party. Abby wants Homer to be most aware of what context?

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social-psychological

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Before launching into her presentation to the board of directors, Sandra circulates through the room making small talk about the weather, the results of last night's ball game, etc. Sandra is engaging in

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phatic communication

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Betty's friends know that she is stingy, but Betty is not aware of it herself. We can assume Betty's stinginess is part of her

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blind self

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Beverly watches only Fox News because its reporters and commentators reinforce her existing beliefs and attitudes. Beverly is engaging in

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selective exposure

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Biases or prejudices of senders-receivers are examples of what kind of noise?

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psychological

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Bobby: "I got a new bat!" Jan: "That's great. I can't wait to see you swing at the game next Saturday." Bobby: "Not that kind of bat! His name is Del and he's my new pet." This exchange between Bobby and Jan best illustrates which principle of communication?

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Communication is ambiguous.

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Christina and DeAnna were having a quiet conversation over drinks before the band started to play, but now they have to shout and even then can't really hear what the other is saying. We can assume that once the band started to play, the signal-to-noise ratio in this scenario

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went from high signal/low noise to low signal/high noise

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Dong-Sun and Chris had a very serious argument during which Dong-Sun said some very hurtful things to Chris. After the argument, he tried to apologize for what was said during the argument. Dong-Sun's later behavior best reflects which principle of communication?

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Communication is irreversible and unrepeatable.

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During a department meeting, Antonio's boss was discussing the new software that will be implemented in the department. Antonio was daydreaming about his upcoming vacation. We can assume that his boss's message was distorted by

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psychological noise

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During her speech on vacationing on the Greek island of Hydra, Anne asks her audience to imagine a place where the sounds of the sea and the wind are not interrupted by honking horns and screeching tires; a place where the only traffic sounds are the soft whirr of bicycle tires on the pavement. What is Anne using to give her audience a sense of the place?

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imagery

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Effective ways to gain attention for a speech include

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asking a question

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Fatima only wears one kind of perfume, Serenity. When Fatima's friends smell Serenity, they instantly think of her. In this case, the smell of Serenity functions as a

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identification message

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Generally, people use facial management techniques to

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enable them to express feeling while achieving desired effects

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How does a story about the changes in technology her grandmother has experienced in the last 50 years fit into Ellen's speech on new technology?

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It is supporting material.

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In considering how knowledgeable your audience is about your topic, you should

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not confuse lack of knowledge with lack of intelligence

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Individualistic cultures put more emphasis on self-reliance,

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independence, and individual achievement

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Intensional orientation refers to the tendency to

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view people, objects, and events in terms of how they are labeled rather than in terms of how they actually exist

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J.N. is giving a speech on bird watching. One of his points is about the equipment birdwatchers need. Which of the following would be the best way for J.N. to state this point using an active verb?

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To have an enjoyable bird watching experience, choose the right equipment.

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Jennifer always demonstrates enthusiasm when communicating and follows the cultural rules for polite, cooperative, respectful conversation. Jennifer is using

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affinity-seeking strategies

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Joe has always believed that he is lousy at athletics. When he tried to play soccer, he was sure he would not be good at it, and indeed, he was not very adept. This may be the result of the

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self-fulfilling prophecy

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Liza wants to provide quality constructive criticism when she evaluates speeches. What is the best advice that you can offer her?

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Start by saying something positive.

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Mandatory retirement laws and age restrictions in certain occupations can be referred to as

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institutional ageism

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Marty holds up two fingers while telling Henry he will be back in two minutes. Marty has used nonverbal communication to

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repeat verbal communication

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Matthew did not anticipate winning the student service award, so he did not prepare a speech. When his name was called, he had to quickly think of a few words to say that would be appropriate for the occasion. Matthew's delivery method is best described as

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impromptu

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Most business transactions take place at which proxemic distance?

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social

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Of the following terms, which is the highest in abstraction? a. chairs b. furniture c. things to sit on d. the wing chair in Sandra's living room

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c. things to sit on

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Olivia does not want Justin to know that she is disappointed with the golf clubs he gave her for her birthday, so she smiles broadly and jumps up and down as if she is very excited. Olivia's use of nonverbal communication is an example of which principle of nonverbal communication?

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Nonverbal communication helps manage impressions.

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Once the thesis is formulated, questions about the thesis help to generate

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your main points

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One of the best ways to guard against static evaluation is to use

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a date subscript

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Paralanguage may be defined as the

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vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech

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People in monochronic cultures

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compartmentalize time

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Public speaking is defined as a

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form of communication in which a speaker addresses a relatively large audience

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Self-esteem is defines as

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a measure of how valuable we think we are

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Several students sitting together in a student lounge studying for an exam might be perceived as a study group based on the rule of

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proximity

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Suggestions for achieving __________ in speaking style include: Be economical, use specific terms and numbers, and use short, familiar terms.

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clarity

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The concept of the looking-glass self suggests that we

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develop our self-concept by attending to how others communicate with us

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The open self of the Johari window represents

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information about yourself that you and others know

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The outline you use when you give your presentation should

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be brief, preferably just key words

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The process by which you become aware of objects, events, and people by using your senses is called

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perception

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The process of trying to understand others' behaviors is called

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attribution of control

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The _________ pattern of organization is useful in informative speeches in which you want to discuss how something is constructed and what it does.

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structure-function

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To help the audience remember information, a speaker should

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use guide phrases

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Transitions in public speaking

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help the audience see connections among your points

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When citing references in an oral presentation, you should

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err on the side of citing too much information about a source than too little

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When deciding on the amount of information to present in an informative speech, a speaker should

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strive for depth of information rather than breadth

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When Lilly interviewed Meisha for a job, she told her, "Meisha, you have been out of college for a very long time, and I don't think you would be comfortable with our young clients.: Lilly's statement could be considered

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ageist

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When making the company newsletter, Janet includes the anniversaries of all the people of her race, but omits the anniversaries of the office's employees of a different race. Janet's behavior can be described as

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racist

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When speaking about the various majors available at her university, Mary divided her presentation by colleges: Majors in Engineering, Majors in Arts and Sciences, and Majors in Education. Mary's organizational pattern is

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topical

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When we focus on classes of individuals or objects and fail to see that each is unique, we have the misevaluation of

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indiscrimination

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When you come into a lecture hall early, place your books and jacket on a seat, and then go out to talk with friends, you have engaged in behavior best described as

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territorial

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Which of the following best describes the difference between examples and narratives? a. Narratives are considerably longer than examples. b. Narratives are fictional; examples are factual. c. Examples are more appropriate as supporting material for informative speeches than narratives are. d. Examples and narratives are interchangeable in informative speeches.

answer

a. Narratives are considerably longer than examples.

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Which of the following illustrates the best use of testimony for a speech on civic engagement? a. Benjamin Barber, a leading civil society scholar, suggests most Americans perceive themselves more as consumers than citizens. b. My roommate said he thought he would be more engaged in politics if he didn't work so much. c. James Cameron, director of many blockbuster movies, thinks Americans are more engaged than most people think. d. I heard somewhere that people on the East Coast, like around Washington, D.C., are really interested in politics.

answer

a. Benjamin Barber, a leading civil society scholar, suggests most Americans perceive themselves more as consumers than citizens.

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Which of the following is a benefit of using effective nonverbal communication? a. It decreases your ability to understand people. b. It decreases your own perceived attractiveness. c. It challenges your ability to make an effective self-presentation. d. It increases your psychosocial well-being.

answer

d. It increases your psychosocial well-being.

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Which of the following is a guideline for creating an effective informative speech? a. Share as much information as you can in the time you have. b. Including more complex information is preferable to making the information too simple. c. Relate new information to old. d. Speakers who have an expertise in a subject need not worry about making the topic relevant to their audiences.

answer

c. Relate new information to old.

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Which of the following is a guideline for the effective use of presentation aids? a. Know your presentation aids intimately. b. Make sure that your presentation aids can be seen by up to 30 percent of the audience. c. Talk to your presentation aids rather than the audience. d. Do not rehearse your speech with your presentation aids to avoid ruining the spontaneity.

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a. Know your presentation aids intimately.

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Which of the following is a guideline for using numerical data? a. Use numbers in moderation b. Avoid rounding numbers c. Avoid comparisons and analogies d. Use numbers that have been published for a long period of time

answer

a. Use numbers in moderation

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Which of the following is an appropriate way to avoid ageism? a. Assume older people are not interested in the world around them. b. Talk louder and slower to older people, regardless of whether they are hard of hearing. c. Remember to refresh older people's memories every time you see them. d. Do not assume that older people do not understand technology.

answer

d. Do not assume that older people do not understand technology.

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Which of the following is one of the guidelines for using presentation aids. a. Pretest the presentation aids. b. When using presentation aids, look at them rather than at your audience. c. Keep the aids visible to the audience even after you have finished using them. d. Avoid practicing the speech with the visual aids.

answer

a. Pretest the presentation aids.

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Which of the following is true concerning the level of complexity for informative speeches? a. It is nearly impossible to simplify a speech too much regardless of the audience. b. Complex presentations are preferable to simple presentations to ensure audience interest. c. Beginning speakers often make their presentations too simple and bore their audiences. d. The level of complexity should be adjusted depending on factors such as context and the audience's knowledge of the topic.

answer

d. The level of complexity should be adjusted depending on factors such as context and the audience's knowledge of the topic.

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Which of the following sources will enable you to secure the most reliable and valid research available? a. news sources b. biographical material c. academic research articles d. personal illustrations

answer

c. academic research articles

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Which of the following statements concerning appropriateness of topic selection is true? a. Avoid topics on which you and your audience may disagree. b. Topics related to religion, politics, and education are usually appropriate for classroom speeches. c. If you are speaking to a culturally diverse audience, check to see what topics may be taboo for certain members. d. Select a topic you know little about so you can learn something new along with your audience.

answer

c. If you are speaking to a culturally diverse audience, check to see what topics may be taboo for certain members.

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Which of the following statements concerning communication apprehension is true? a. Gaining experience helps to reduce communication apprehension. b. Public speaking is the rarest of communication apprehensions. c. The less you prepare, the less apprehension you will experience. d. Setting unrealistic expectations eases communication apprehension.

answer

a. Gaining experience helps to reduce communication apprehension.

question

Which of the following statements is the best example of an indirect response to the question, "What's for dinner, honey?" a. "I'm not cooking tonight. I ordered Chinese takeout." b. "Why do you always ask me that as soon as I get home from work?" c. "Tommy said the new Mexican place down the street is great, and they deliver." d. "I think you should prepare the meal this evening."

answer

c. "Tommy said the new Mexican place down the street is great, and they deliver."

question

Which of the following suggestions should you follow when making decisions about another person's nonverbal communication? a. Draw immediate conclusions about nonverbal behaviors. b. Understand that messages come through only one channel of communication. c. Accept that your first judgment is most likely correct. d. Interpret your judgments and conclusions against a cultural context.

answer

d. Interpret your judgements and conclusions against cultural context.

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Which of the following topics would be most appropriate for a speech of description? a. what are the major beliefs of Christianity? b. the life of Harrison Ford c. how to sell a product d why you should donate money to the Salvation Army

answer

b. the life of Harrison Ford

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Which type of informative speech shows the audience how something is done or how to operate something? a. definition b. temporal c. description d. demonstration

answer

d. demonstration

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