speech 101 exam 3 – Flashcards
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what principle of speech structure suggests that speeches should follow a consistent pattern of development?
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order
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what principle of effective speech structure is reinforced by repeating a key phrase or point?
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simplicity
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what principle of effective speech structure suggests that all major parts of a speech should receive appropriate development?
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balance
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which part of a speech should be the longest
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body
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what would be the best design for a speech on how to build a deck
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sequential
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what would be the best design for a speech on the three types of bosses
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categorical or comparative
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what would be the best speech design for persuading your audience to support a campus crusade against crime
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refutative
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what should you develop to support the main ideas of your speeches
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subpoints
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why is outlining an important part of structuring speeches
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untangling your thoughts and info, getting them down on paper where you can work with them, and shaping them into a coherent pattern
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what do effective speakers use to demonstrate their listeners that they are through with one point of their speeches, and moving onto the next
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transitions
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what type of transition reminds listeners of the points you have covered before you move onto the next part of your message
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internal summary
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what is a rhetorical question designed to do
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engage curiosity and attention
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what is the most important consideration when deciding whether to offer a summary statement with your speech
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the more complicated your topic, the more important a summary becomes. shouldn't be simple repetition of main points so much as a chance to reflect on an reinforce the central message of your speech
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when should a speaker use presentation aids
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only when they increase the clarity and effectiveness of your speech
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when can handouts be useful
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when subject is complex or your message or your message contains a lot of statistical info, and they can extend the impact of your speech and validate the info you have presented
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what are graphics
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visual representations of information, such as sketches, graphs, and charts
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what is important to remember when using graphics during a speech
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they must be instantly clear. each should focus on one idea
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what are the benefits of using presentation aids
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involve and educate listeners, increase understanding, more memorable, adds variety and interest (for audience). enhances authenticity, improves credibility, improves delivery (for speaker)
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what type of graph is best for displaying comparisons and contrasts
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bar graph
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when is it best to distribute a handout during a brief presentation
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after your speech
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what should speakers always do when preparing and using presentation aids
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think carefully how they will contribute to your presentation. a good presentation aid is simple
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what are the potential drawbacks of using presentation aids
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distracting, confusing, damage credibility, reduce eye contact, risks uncooperative equipment
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to arouse the emotions of listeners, what potential barriers must speakers overcome
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time, distance, and apathy
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the strong negative associations most people have with the term drugs best reflects its __ meaning
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...
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using words precisely and simply is an example of which of the six c's of oral language
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clarity
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__ refers to technical language related to a specific field that may be incomprehensible to most listeners
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...
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what is another word for the emotional intensity or vividness of language
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color
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why would someone use doublespeak
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befuddle listeners and hide unpleasant truths
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the politician who argued against locating a nuclear waste suppository in his backyard was probably guild of __
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constipation (repository)
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what is a popular phrase like silence is golden called
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metaphor
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images of family, light and darkness, and stormy seas are examples of
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enduring metaphor
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what is the statement she stuck to him like glue an example of
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similie
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words like freedom and equality that condense and express widely shared political beliefs are called
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ideographs
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when john f kennedy exhorted, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do your country, he used what powerful form of figurative language
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culturetypes
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when the expected order of words in a sentence or phrase is reversed to make the statement more memorable, what is the speaker using
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inversion
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what do we call a word that imitates or represents the sensation of noise, smell, flavor, or touch
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onomatopoeia
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what term is used to describe the connection created between the speaker and the listener as a result of an effective speaking style
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immediacy
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what type of speaking is considered spur of the moment
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impromptu speaking
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what is generally considered the most effective speaking style for making brief presentation
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memorized
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what speaking style would be the most useful when timing and exact wording are important
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manuscript
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what trap do beginning speakers often fall into when trying to speak from a manuscript
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...
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which method of speaking best allows the speaker to respond to listener feedback
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improptu
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what is the placement of the voice ranging from high to low on a musical scale
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optimum pitch
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what is the level at which a person speaks most frequently called
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habitual pitch
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what is most important to ensure proper loudness
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good breath control
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how do we describe speakers who do not vary pitch rate, or loudness
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they have little interest in their topic or their listeners or that they fear the situation they are in
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what term refers to the way speaker articulate and distinguish word sounds in the context of their utterances
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enunciation
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a __ outline would be best for use while presenting a speech
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keyword outline
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when listeners perceive that a speaker's verbal message conflicts with his or her body language, what do they usually believe
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sending inconsistent message
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proxemics is the study of how humans use what in communication
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space
