Special Ed Final – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
largest disability category in special education
answer
learning disabilities
question
What percentage of disabilities are learning disabilities
answer
42%
question
Under IDEA, what principle states that no child with a disability can be excluded from a free appropriate public education?
answer
Zero reject
question
Requirements for non-discriminatory evaluation
answer
placements cannot be based on a single test score, must be administered in native language
question
What areas are defined as major life activities in the Americans with Disabilities Act
answer
Caring for Oneself Walking Communicating Working
question
What is the ultimate goal of the No Child Left Behind
answer
• All children would be proficient in reading and math by 2014 • Be taught by qualified teachers highly trained in their subjects
question
What does the No Child Left Behind Act put a special emphasis on in regards to educational programs and practices?
answer
Using educational programs that rigorous scientific research has demonstrated to be effective
question
What are some ways you can increase participation and engage as many students as possible in a lesson?
answer
Cooperative Learning (engaged, and motivated to succeed) • Assisting other students in achievement • Peer tutoring
question
In most states, what is the first step you take once you encounter a child with a behavior or learning problem that is not currently receiving special education services?
answer
prereferral
question
What co-teaching model would be best if you wanted to lower the student-teacher ratio?
answer
Parallel
question
When are short-term objectives required on an IEP?
answer
When children with disabilities take alternate assessments aligned to alternate achievement standards
question
What is meant by an annual goal on an IEP?
answer
academic and functional goals for that school year
question
IDEA requires an IEP for all students with disabilities between what ages?
answer
3 and 21
question
What does the law stipulate about the least restrictive environment?
answer
Child must be removed no further than necessary from the general education classroom
question
What is the name of the first parent group organization to advocate for children with disabilities?
answer
National Society for Crippled Children
question
What are the initial reactions of parents who learn that their child has a disability?
answer
• Shock • Denial • Disbelief
question
List some common feelings of siblings of children with disabilities
answer
• Higher incidences of behavior problems • Lower self-esteem • Jealousy or resentment • Nurturing • Concerns with uncertainty regarding the disability • Uneasy about the reactions of friends
question
What is respite care?
answer
Temporary care of an individual with disabilities by non family members; provides much needed support for many families of children with severe disabilities
question
Why is it that you should never rely on written messages as the sole method of communicating with parents? What percentage of "parents' rights" materials is written for parents understanding?
answer
• Only 4-8% are written at the recommended reading level for parents • 50% written at college reading level or higher
question
Describe a closed needs assessment.
answer
Asks parents to select from a list of topics what they would like to know more about
question
How is the AAIDD definition of an intellectual disability different from IDEA's definition?
answer
Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills, this disability originates before age 18
question
When are most students with mild intellectual disabilities identified?
answer
After they enter school 2nd or 3rd grade
question
How are children with intellectual disabilities similar to children without disabilities?
answer
long term memory
question
What is learned helplessness?
answer
An individuals expectation of failure , regardless of his efforts, based on repeated failure • Give up quickly and wait for others to help them • May set low standards for themselves and not appear to try very hard
question
What is self-determination?
answer
A combination of skills, knowledge, and beliefs that enable a person to engage in goal-directed, self-regulated, autonomous behavior
question
Why does prevalence of intellectual disabilities vary greatly from state to state, and what causes these differences?
answer
Widely differing criteria for identifying students with disabilities Prevalence figures also vary from state to state
question
What are functional academic skills?
answer
• Increases students independence • Self-direction • Health and fitness • Enjoyment in work and school environments
question
What is the most common way to identify a severe discrepancy between expected and actual achievement? What is a drawback to using this approach to identifying children with learning disabilities?
answer
Comparing students IQ score with her grade on a standardized test Confusion about exactly how discrepancy should be determined led to widely differing procedures
question
What are some advantages in using the response to intervention approach?
answer
saves time
question
What academic area is most problematic for students with learning disabilities?
answer
reading comprehension in about 80% of children
question
Define phonological awareness.
answer
Conscious understanding of knowledge which is made up of sounds Most important aspect in learning how to read
question
Researchers have consistently found a higher-than-usual incidence of _____________ problems among students with learning disabilities.
answer
behavior
question
What is the fundamental, defining characteristic of students with learning disabilities?
answer
Presence of specific and significant achievement deficits
question
What percentage of students receives special education under the specific learning disabilities category?
answer
42%
question
What is a resource teacher? What is their role?
answer
Certified special educator whose primary role is to teach required academic skills, social skills, strategies to students referred to the resource room
question
What service option provides the most support but is generally the most restrictive for students with learning disabilities?
answer
separate classroom
question
most prevalent outcome regarding gifted students
answer
underachievement
question
IDEA requires IEP to be developed
answer
3-21 years
question
which obstacle makes transition to adulthood difficult
answer
lack of needed support
question
percentage of students that receive specced in hs that enroll in college
answer
46%
question
drawbacks to discrepancy approach
answer
wait to fail
question
describes autism
answer
developmental disorder
question
smallest elements of language carrying meaning
answer
morphemes
question
Least likely to be identified
answer
african americans
question
things required under IDEA
answer
safeguards, IEP, FAPE
question
what does twice exceptional mean
answer
disables and gifted
question
slogan or motto of lecotech
answer
children learn by play
question
screening tests to determine emotional behavioral disorders
answer
checklists & rating scales
question
Group homes are the most common living arrangements for who
answer
Intellectual Disabilities
question
IFSP must be reviewed how often
answer
every 6 months
question
statistics on children's TBI's
answer
leading cause of death
question
APGAR scale
answer
test after birth color breathing muscle tone
question
percentage of school-aged students with learning disabilities
answer
42.3%
question
what age can hearing infants discriminate speech sounds
answer
1 month
question
telling a dirty joke to your principle resembles difficulty in what area
answer
pragmatics
question
initial reaction when parents learn of disability
answer
shock,denial, disbelief
question
least appropriate transition
answer
mixing colors in art
question
What is the IDEA definition of emotional disturbance, and why is it considered vague?
answer
uses vague words such as inappropriate and satisfactory
question
What is the king pin behavior of students with emotional disabilities
answer
noncompliance
question
What is required for all students with disabilities whose school performance is adversely affected by behavioral issues?
answer
Behavioral Intervention Plan (required IEP component)
question
What should be the curriculum focus for students with emotional disabilities?
answer
Reading, writing, and arithmetic Social skills Good instruction helps behavior management
question
Explain Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support. What is the desired ratio of positive to negative reinforcements /interactions between adults and children?
answer
4:1
question
What are the four related pervasive developmental disabilities included under the American Psychiatric Association's current definition of autism spectrum disorder? Which disorder can manifest as late as age 10?
answer
Autistic disorder aspergers Pervasive developmental Childhood disintegrative *1
question
What are similarities and differences between students with Asperger syndrome and students with autism?
answer
same intellectual functioning but without defecits in language
question
Explain the genetic component of autism.
answer
•Having one child with autism poses greater risk that the next one will 19% overall chance (26% for males 9% for females)
question
What teaching method is supported by scientifically validated research?
answer
applied behavior analysis
question
Syntax
answer
oGoverns the meaningful arrangement of words •Ex. "Help my chicken eat" vs. "Help eat my chicken"
question
Semantics
answer
oMeaning of words and combinations of words •Ex. Hot weather vs. Hot performance of athlete
question
What are the two language disorders, and how are they different from one another?
answer
receptive vs. expressive
question
speech sound errors
answer
distortions substitutions omissions additions
question
As a child with hearing loss gets older, what does the achievement gap usually do? Why is this?
answer
widens
question
What percentage of deaf students leave school functionally illiterate?
answer
30%
question
In the United States, who are the majority of people with hearing loss?
answer
males 65 and older
question
What are the characteristics of Ménière's disease
answer
oSudden, unpredictable attacks of vertigo oFluctuations in hearing oTinnitus
question
Why does hearing loss sometimes go undetected in young children?
answer
Babies' increasing silence may go unnoticed by parents and be attributed to other factors
question
What is emphasized in the IDEA definition of visual impairment?
answer
The relationship between vision and learning
question
What does a student with low vision use as a primary means of learning?
answer
tactile and auditory senses
question
Define visual acuity.
answer
The ability to clearly distinguish forms or discriminate among details Measured by: reading letters, numbers, or other symbols from the Snellen Eye Chart
question
Why is the number of students with visual impairments larger than the number reported in IDEA?
answer
Many have one or more additional disabilities and are counted under other disability categories
question
What is the role of the cones of the eye?
answer
color
question
What is the most prevalent physical disability among school aged children?
answer
cerebral palsy
question
What is hydrocephalus? How is this treated, and what must teachers be aware of when having students with hydrocephalus in their classroom?
answer
accumulation of spinal fluid surrounding the brain treated with shunt be aware of blockage or disconnections (drowsiness vomiting, irritability)
question
What is the most common cause of spinal cord injuries?
answer
lesion to spinal cord caused by penetration
question
What is an aura
answer
warning sensation before seizures occur distinctive feelings sights sounds tastes
question
The increase in the number of obese children has caused an increase in what disorder among children?
answer
asthma
question
How children with physical disabilities think about themselves and the degree to which others accept them often are affected by what variable?
answer
self-esteem
question
Define assistive technology. What does the term not include?
answer
NOT a medical device surgically implanted
question
How do the IEPs of students with traumatic brain injury differ from other student's IEPs?
answer
functional everyday skills
question
What should be emphasized in a curriculum for students with significant disabilities?
answer
functionality & age appropriateness
question
What kind of recreation and leisure activities should you encourage in a student with severe disabilities? Why is this now considered an extremely important part of their curriculum?
answer
Time with explicit instruction and supports • Helps social interaction • Maintain physical health & motor skills • Interaction in the community
question
Why is immediate feedback important to students with severe disabilities? How often should you assess student learning?
answer
So that effective reinforcers can be identified
question
What does functional assessment refer to?
answer
An assessment of the problem behavior which will guide the development of the positive behavior support plans
question
What is the prevailing outcome of the education of academically talented young children in most schools today? Why is this?
answer
Students are often being overlooked due to tight funding
question
What approach is gaining popularity among educators for its ability to identify gifted and talented students from a variety of sources and in a variety of ways?
answer
multicultural assessment and id
question
Describe some ways enriching the content of instruction can help general education teachers differentiate curriculum for gifted and talented students
answer
Allows them to study specific subject matter at a certain depth Allows students to define area of interest and independently access a variety of information
question
Teachers most often ask questions at which level of Bloom's taxonomy?
answer
knowledge and comprehension
