SPCH 1318 FINAL- Steel – Flashcards
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Which of the following would be considered an instrumental need that can be met through communication?
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Convincing your roommate to turn off her music by midnight each night
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Which type of noise is associated with distractions that result from a loud environment?
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Physical noise
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To say that words are symbols accurately reflects which of the following ideas?
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All of the answers are correct: -People give communication its meaning -Words are representations of ideas -Words can have different meanings for different people
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When your roommate says "We're out of detergent again" and you take that as a criticism, you are paying attention to which aspect of the message?
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Relational dimension
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A sign in the library that reads "No Talking Allowed" would constitute an example of what?
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Explicit rule
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According to the text, which of the following is NOT a necessary characteristic of interpersonal communication?
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It relates to intimate information
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Different cultures have different standards that define competent communication. This cultural variation speaks to which element of communication
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Appropriateness
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Imagine that you have just called a friend, but your friend didn't take the call and it went to voicemail. At first, you assume your friend was simply away from the phone or busy, but you start to wonder if he might be angry with you or ignoring you. This exercise is an example of what?
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Cognitive complexity
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Meta-communication occurs when individuals discuss the meaning or subtext of their messages.
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True
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Having empathy means feeling sorry for someone else.
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False
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Which of the following statements about listening is true, according to your text?
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People spend more time listening than speaking
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Rachel finished her oral exam in her Spanish class, and her teacher Senora Lopez evaluated her performance. Although Rachel did well on the exam and most of Senora Lopez's comments were positive, Rachel focused only on the negative critiques and felt very bad about her performance. Rachel just engaged in which of the following behaviors?
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Selective-Attention
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Dan is an atheist who has a keen interest in politics. Whenever Dan is watching a debate and one of the candidates mentions his or her belief or interest in God, Dan stops listening to that canidate. Sometimes, he'll even change his vote if a candidate he likes mention God too frequently. Which of the following listening barriers describes Dan?
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Closed-mindedness
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According to your text, which of the following statements correctly represents the two parts of interpretation?
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Pay attention to all of the speaker's verbal and nonverbal messages; and signal your interpretation back to the speaker
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Which form of listening occurs when you are trying to experience what another person is thinking or feeling?
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Emphatic
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How is pseodolistening related to glazing over?
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You're actually listening during glazing over, but not during pseudolistening.
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Asking follow-up questions to confirm our interpretations of someone else's statements is a strategy for
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Separating what is said from what isn't said
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The tendency to pay attention only to information that supports our values and beliefs is called what?
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Confirmation bias
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Hearing is a passive process; listening is an active process
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True
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Emphatic listening means feeling sorry for someone else.
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False
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Which term refers to the ongoing process of making meaning from what we experience in our environment?
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Perception
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During your first session of this class, your instructor introduced him or herself and you probably respected his or her position as an authoritative figure in the classroom. Which of the following classification scheme likely helped you organize that information?
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Role constructs
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A fellow student in one of your communication classes, Rose, starts acting particularly nice to you in the weeks leading up to the first exam. Classmates have frequently treated you this way in the past in the hope that you will help them study. As a result, you are suspicious of Rose's motives. In this scenario, you are likely basing your suspicions on
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Personal experience
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Rick and Jamie recently started dating. To commemorate their first month as a couple, Rick surprised Jamie when he picked her up at work in a rented limousine with floor-level tickets to a concert. After the show, Rick was upset because Jamie would barely speak to him. Jamie was also upset because she had been planning on surprising Rick with a quiet dinner at home. After two days of fighting, the couple broke up. What was likely at the root of this conflict?
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Egocentrism
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You liked most everything about your new roommate when you first met, but when you found out she smokes, that overshadowed all of her good qualities in your mind. What perception-making process are you displaying here?
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Negativity bias
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Samantha was a fantastic softball player, but she rarely took credit for her success. Every time a reporter from the school paper would ask her for a quote, Samantha would say, "I just got lucky today", or, "Their pitcher just gave me something I could hit." Which of the following likely factors into Samantha's personality?
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External locus
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Which of the following was NOT suggested in your textbook as one of the ways to combat perceptual inaccuracies?
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Avoiding biased opinions
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When competent communicators discover that their perceptions were innacurate, they will respond by
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All the answers are correct -seeking more information -considering alternative perceptions -revising thier perceptions accordingly
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The stages of perception happen in a very ordered and linear fashion.
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False
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Egocentrism is a normal stage of human development
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True
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Which of the following vocal behaviors is a dimension of nonverbal communication?
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All of these -tone of voice -rate of speech -loudness
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Contemporary research suggests that approximately what percentage of meaning is transmitted nonverbally?
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65-70%
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Why do people tend to believe nonverbal messages even when they contradict verbal messages?
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It is harder for most people to control their nonverbal communication than their verbal communication
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Which of the following pairs of nonverbal channels is particularly useful in communicating emotion?
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Facial expression and vocal behaviors
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Which type of gesture has a direct verbal translation?
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Emblem
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The study of touch behavior is known as
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Haptics
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Your textbooks identifies several ways that speakers can use nonverbal communication to increase the persuasiveness of thier statements. Which of the following nonverbal behaviors is NOT in line with these prescriptions?
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Speaking softly, slowly, and calmly
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Effectively interpreting nonverbal communication includes all of the following EXCEPT
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Looking past cultural differences to understand the meaning
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The pupil of the eye contracts when we look at someone we find attractive
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False
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Of all the senses, smell is most strongly tied to memory
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True
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Which concept of culture includes judgments about how good, desirable, or beautiful something is?
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Values
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A group of students who attend the same high school and all belong to the school's computer club would be an example of what?
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A co-culture
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about high-context cultures?
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Offering personal opinions is valued
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Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the attitude of someone from a low-power-distance culture?
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It is a person's individual right to question authority
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Idioms and gestures are examples of
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Communication codes
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Some researchers believe women and men grow up in different speech communities. According to that idea, men are taught to do _____ and women are taught to do _____.
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Instrumental talk
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Which of the following is true in highly collectivistic cultures?
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People take an indirect approach to handling conflict
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With respect to sex differences in emotion, which of the following is true?
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Women and men report experiencing the same amount of emotion
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In a low-context culture, people are expected to be direct and say what they mean
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True
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Biological sex is genetically determined, whereas gender roles are socially constructed
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True
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Which theory says that each of us is born with a fundamental drive to seek, form, maintain, and protect strong social relationships?
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Need to belong theory
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a close relationship?
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Minimization of interdependence
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_____ is the desire to stay in a relationship no matter what happens.
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Commitment
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When you meet Carrie, you are drawn to her as a friend because she is an excellent piano player, just like you are. This is an example of which form of attraction?
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Task attraction
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Which theory predicts that the more we learn about someone, the more we like that person?
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Uncertainty reduction theory
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Which term refers to your realistic expectation of what you think you deserve from a relationship?
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Comparison Level
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During which of Knapp's stages of relationship termination do couples decrease both the quality and frequency of their interactions?
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Circumscribing
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Most relationships have some measure of interdependence; what differentiates is their degree of interdependence
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True
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Uncertainty reduction theory suggests that get to know each other if they believe the effort will be worth it
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False
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What type of language rule deals with the correct pronunciation of words?
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Phonological
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The literal, "dictionary" definition of a word is its _____ meaning
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Denotative
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Which of the following statements would be true according to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
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If a culture does not have a word for an emotion, its members will not be able to experience that emotion
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Which persuasion strategy takes advantage of the speaker's credibility?
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Appeal to ethos
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The claim that "4 out of 5 doctors prefer" a certain medication for a headache is an example which kind of statement?
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Weasel words
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According to research, a joke must contain what in order to be considered funny?
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An expectancy violation
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Saying that someone has been "let go" instead of "fired" is an example of which language behavior?
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Euphemism
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Which of the following is true about I-statements?
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They allow us to claim ownership of our thoughts and feelings
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Slang can serve an important social function by helping people distinguish between those who do and do not belong to their social networks
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True
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Profanity is highly context-specific
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True
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Which of the following statements about friendships is FALSE?
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Friendships are the same in both sexes
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At which stage of friendship do people begin to think of themselves as friends and their communication becomes more personal?
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Nascent friendship
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When considering a potential spouse, someone from an individualistic culture such as the United States would more likely ask which question?
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"How does my heart feel?"
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According to Gottman's couple typology, which type of couple handles disagreements in a way that is open, but discussions tend to be competitive rather than cooperative?
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Volatile
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Gottman has discovered that satisfied couples maintain what ratio of positive to negative communication?
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5:1
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Family _____ can serve as an important way of promoting communication in a blended family, according to your text
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Rituals
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Research shows that which of the following is positively related to your job satisfaction?
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Being friends with your co-workers and boss
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Let's say you're friends with your co-worker, Eric, who's up for a promotion. Which of the following reflects the task dimension of your relationship?
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Based on his performance, you don't feel Eric deserves the promotion
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Friendship rules are almost always explicit rather than implicit
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False
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People in arranged marriages are usually unhappy with their relationship.
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False
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Which of the following is true with respect to interpersonal conflict?
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It involves perceived scarce resources
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the idea of "reframing" a conflict?
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Thinking of conflict as a game when you traditionally think of it as a battle
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Jon recently stopped a conflict with his girlfriend, Ana, and said to her, "You don't know how to have a disagreement without losing your temper and swearing!" Ana replied, "Well at least I want to confront the issues instead of avoiding them!" Jon and Ana's exchange is an example of
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Metaconflict
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Which of the following statements about collectivistic cultures is true?
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All the answers are correct -In conflict, group priorities are more important than individual priorities -Individuals are more likely to avoid conflict altogether -Parties involved in a conflict are likely to enlist a mediator to help reach an agreement
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Which form of power derives from the ability to punish?
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Coercive power
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Jordan wants to feel emotionally close to his girlfriend but he also wants to make his own decisions. Which dialectical tension is he experiencing?
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Autonomy-connectedness
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According to Gottman, people engage in which behavior when they inuslt each other and attack each other's self-worth?
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Contempt
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Traditional gender socialization encourages men to use accommodating conflict management strategies
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False
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The disinhibition effect suggests that online conflicts are more likely to involve inequitable distributions of power than face-to-face conflicts
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False
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Your own understanding of who you are as a person comprises your
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Self-concept
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According to the Johari window, there are aspects of our personalities that others can see in us but that we are unaware of. These are known as the _____ aspects of our self.
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Blind
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One of the ways we figure out who we are is by seeing who others think we are. The term for that process is
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Reflected appraisal
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Your subjective evaluation of yourself is known as
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Self-esteem
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When we consider how we want to be perceived by other people, we are considering our
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Image
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Which face need refers to our need to be respected for our abilities and intelligence?
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Competence face
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Martin disclosed something personal to his friend Tony. Afterward, Tony felt as though he had to disclose something personal in return. Tony's feelings exemplify which principle?
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Norm of reciprocity
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According to social penetration theory, the _____ dimension concerns the number of topics disclosed whereas the _____ dimension concerns the level of detail in topics disclosed.
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Breadth;Depth
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Self-concept is entirely subjective
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False
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In personal relationships, it's always best to increase the breadth and depth of self-disclosure
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False
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Deception has several basic elements. Which of the following is NOT among them?
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The receiver must believe the information is true
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When Tonya's boss asked her what time their meeting with the new client was, she replied that it was set for that afternoon at 3:30. She was so certain that she did not bother to check her calendar first. When Tonya and her boss arrived at the client's office, the client was very upset because she had been waiting for 30 minutes for their 3:00 meeting. Tonya then checked her calendar, and sure enough, the meeting had been scheduled for 3:00. Which of the following is true of this scenario?
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Tonya did not lie to her boss, because she believed her statement was true
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Which of the following forms of deception is an act of dissimulation?
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Equivocation
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When his girlfriend asks if he really loves her, Ramon gives her a vague, ambiguous response. Which form of deception is he attempting?
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Equivocation
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According to deception research, which of the following behavioral changes is a reliable cue to deception?
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Decreased gesturing
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Research shows that men are more likely than women to lie about which characteristic in an online dating ad?
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Education Level
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According to research, an increase in which of the following nonverbal behaviors is indicative of deception?
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Blinking
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Which of the following would tend to increase your chances of detecting decpetions?
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Being lied to by a highly motivated liar
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Many forms of politeness and discretion involve being deceptive
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True
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Our truth bias is usually stronger for friends than for strangers
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True
