question

Rather than attributing their daughters' success in math to natural talent as they tend to do for sons, parents often attribute girls' successes in math to

answer

hard work

question

Meta-analysis is an improvement over simple reviews of studies because

answer

All are correct: reviews fail to attend to moderator variables; it takes into account the magnitude and consistency of differences; it takes into account sample size

question

A study on stereotype threat and math performance (Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999) showed

answer

gender differences in math performance may be partly due to stereotype - influenced beliefs and expectations

question

The ability to recognize the emotions expressed by others is called

answer

decoding ability

question

____________ report more emotions of powerlessness than ________.

answer

Women; men

question

The similarities tradition in feminist theory and politics stems from

answer

liberal feminism

question

Which of the following impacts mathematical ability and performance?

answer

All are correct: gender differences in math experience; confidence and self-expectation issues; sex discrimination in testing

question

Compared to males, females receive, on average,

answer

NOT: LOWER SCORES ON THE MATH SECTION OF THE SAT AND SIMILAR MATH GRADES IN COLLEGE

question

Feminist critiques of the proposition males are biologically predisposed to be better in math than females include findings

answer

items in standardized tests tend to appear in contexts more familiar to boys, such as sports

question

The variability hypothesis suggested that

answer

NOT: WOMEN WERE MORE LIKELY THAN MEN TO BE MENTALLY DEFECTIVE

question

Some feminist psychologists argue studying gender differences is not very useful because of which of the following issues?

answer

All are correct: Problems with values and interpretation of the research results; problems defining a true gender difference; difficulties measuring gender differences

question

In the classroom, race and gender interact. Those getting the most attention are __________; those getting the least attention are ____________.

answer

white boys; minority girls;

question

In general, the cognitive abilities of males and females can be described as

answer

similar

question

With regard to understanding the emotions expressed by others,

answer

women are generally more skilled than men

question

Children learn what they are "supposed" to feel and act in various situations, which translates to "boys feel A and girls feel B" or "boys should show X emotion.: These rules are called

answer

feeling rules

question

When the Virginia Military Academy and the Citadel went to court to prove women should not be permitted admission, they claimed psychological research proved women are weaker, more emotional, and could not compete with men. Feminist psychologists protested

answer

witnesses had misinterpreted and misused psychological research

question

Given the research on gender-related differences in cognitive abilities, we can conclude all of the following EXCEPT

answer

cognitive differences can easily be traced to biological dissimilarities

question

All human beings have a set of ______ chromosomes in each cell of their bodies.

answer

46

question

Research has shown that sex chromosomes directly affect

answer

None of these are correct: gender identity; athletic ability; sexual orientation

question

In their respective cultures, third-sex people are

answer

not considered to be gay

question

The testes typically produce ____________, which shape infants' bodies into a form typical of males.

answer

androgens

question

In humans, a second X chromosome is necessary for the female to

answer

NOT ALL ARE CORRECT

question

Around the world,

answer

NOT: SOCIETITES UNIVERSALLY BELIEVE IN THE BINARY CATEGORIES OF GAY AND STRAIGHT

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Individuals with gender identity disorder

answer

often feel that they are trapped in the wrong body

question

One chromosome pair is composed of the X and Y chromosomes; the remaining pairs are called

answer

NOT: SEX CHROMOSOMES

question

In the Balkans, under special circumstances, a woman may take on the legal and social status of a man by becoming a

answer

pledged virgin

question

Women who look unambiguously like women but have not developed complete internal reproductive structures are said to have

answer

Turner's syndrome

question

The Intersex Society of North America, founded by Cheryl Chase in 1993, is committed to open, honest disclosure about intersex conditions

answer

All are correct: to keep physicians, rather than intersex children and their families, from making decisions about an intersex child's anatomy or gender; to end unwanted genital surgeries; because of the shame and secrecy associated with "intersex conditions or atypical reproductive anatomies."

question

Two of the three androgens that must be present prenatally in humans to produce an anatomically "normal" male are

answer

testosterone and dihydrotestosterone

question

The development of sexual and reproductive anatomy is complete at

answer

12 to 14 weeks

question

With regards to anatomy, individuals with gender identity disorder

answer

are not physically intersexed

question

Over 150 ___________________ cultures have recognized a third-sex category.

answer

Native American

question

Which of the following statements about biological sex is FALSE?

answer

NOT: SEX IS A CLUSTER OF BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES

question

How have transgender and intersex people experienced discrimination?

answer

All are correct: they have been forced to choose M or F on nearly every form of identification or application; Paramedics stopped treating a cross-dressed child when they discovered his male genitals; they have been raped and murdered

question

Individuals whose genetic composition is XY, but whose bodies did not prompt the development of male reproductive organs, are said to have

answer

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

question

More male-to-female than female-to-male transsexuals undertake transition, probably due to

answer

All are correct: surgery to create a penis is more complicated than the surgery to remove one; rules for masculinity more restrictive than those for femininity; feel more of a need to have a sex change, in order to act and be treated as women; it is easier for females to act like a man and have hormone injections than to try to have a working penis constructed;

question

In cultures in which homosexuality is a strong taboo, third-sex people

answer

may be accepted

question

_____________ views gender typing as a way to organize the world based on gender associations.

answer

Gender schema theory

question

People who are ______________ rely more on schemas besides those for gender.

answer

gender-aschematic

question

Hostile acts attempting to damage another person's relationships or social standing are called

answer

relational aggression

question

Social learning theory states people learn characteristic behavior patterns through the process of

answer

reinforcement

question

From toddlerhood, boys and girls get different kinds and amounts of talk about

answer

gender roles

question

Which of the following tendencies is a gender difference in play for children?

answer

All are correct: Children avoid "opposite gender" toys during preschool and elementary years; boys play with violent video games and girls play with Barbie dolls; Children express strong preferences for gender-typed toys

question

Selective abortion of female fetuses

answer

is consistent with cultural practices permitting female infanticide

question

Children across cultures seem to learn about aspects of gender through

answer

imitation, gender schemas, gender constancy

question

In interactions with peers, boys, in comparison to girls, have been found to

answer

use physical dominance more than verbal persuasion

question

Common recipes for determining whether a pregnant woman is going to have a boy or a girl include

answer

carrying high for a boy and low for a girl

question

Which of the following is TRUE about children and gender in the US?

answer

Male children are generally more valued than female children

question

Once children have learned gender schema, they pay more attention to ________ models than _______ models.

answer

Same-gender; other-gender

question

In Bandura's (1965) study, children imitated aggressive behavior most

answer

when the adult model was rewarded

question

Increased pressure to conform to gender roles is called

answer

gender intensification

question

The understanding gender is permanent is called

answer

gender constancy

question

Halloween is a time when children can dress up to be anyone or anybody,

answer

but most costumes are gender-stereotyped

question

When talking to their daughters as opposed to their sons, parents

answer

used a greater number of emotion words

question

Learning gender-typed behavior is particularly easy for children when

answer

parents set up gender-differiated environments (e.g. bedrooms).

question

______________________ uses a cognitive approach to explain gender typing

answer

Gender schema theory

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