Solid Waste Management Analysis – Flashcards
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all wastes from human and animal activities that are normally solid or semi-solid and are discarded (includes municipal, industrial, and hazardous wastes)
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What is solid waste?
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- activities involved with the reduction of generation, collection, storage, transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes - solid waste management concerns public health, economics, engineering, conservation, esthetics, and other environmental considerations
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What is solid waste management?
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___________ is the animal and vegetable waste resulting from the handling, preparation, cooking, and serving food. Does not include: processing wastes from canneries, slaughterhouses, packing plants, and similar facilities.
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Garbage
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Combustible: paper, cartons, boxes, barrels, wood, excelsior, tree branches, yard trimmings, wood furniture, bedding, dunnage
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Rubbish
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MSW is transferred from several collection vehicles to a larger vehicle at a transfer station where MSW is carried to an ultimate disposal site.The larger vehicle may be a tractor-trailer, railroad car, or barge. *A place where trucks dump their loads into a larger vehicle where it is compacted. By combining loads, the most per Mg * km for transport to the landfill is reduced.
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Transfer Station
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Environmental Protection Agency
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EPA
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reduction in both the quantities of waste generation and the toxic constituents in the products
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SOURCE REDUCTION
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use or reuse of an effective substitute for a commercial product or as an ingredient or feedstock in an industrial process
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RECYCLING
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process which changes the physical, chemical and biological character of any waste so as to recover energy or material resources
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TREATMENT
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discharge, deposit, dumping and placing of waste on any land or water
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DISPOSAL
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- Organic (potential biodegradable) - Inorganic (non biodegradable) - Combustible (potential for energy production) - Non combustible
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Nature of Materials
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large and bulky appliances e.g., refrigerators, washing machine
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White goods
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residual from fires used for cooking and heating
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Ashes
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MSW: Municipal Solid Wastes
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MSW
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______ is the number one component in the MSW (Municipal Solid Wastes)
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Paper
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-Season -Location -Economic condition
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MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) composition is dependent on
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There are 51 landfills
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How many landfill is in Iowa
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a yard waste ban and bottle deposit rules
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Iowa has
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RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act CFR - Code of Federal Regulations *Principal federal requirements are contained in RCRA Subtitle D and 40 CFR 258 Criteria for classification of solid waste disposal facilities and practices
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Federal Regulations for Municipal Landfills
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Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
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RCRA
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Code of Federal Regulations
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CFR
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manufactured and natural materials that lined the bottom and below grade sides of a landfill to prevent migration of landfill leachate and gases
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Landfill Liners
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liquid that collects at the bottom of a landfill resulting from percolation or precipitation, water initially contained in the waste and infiltration groundwater
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Leachate
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Leachate Collection and Removal System
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(LCRS)
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drainage system to allow easy movement and removal of landfill leachate include a composite liner, perforated piping in a drainage layer, etc
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LCRS (Leachate Collection and Removal System)
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_______volume of material placed in a landfill during one operating period usually one day
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Cell
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6 to 12 inches of native soil or alternative materials such as compost that are applied to the working faces of the landfill at the end of each operating period
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Daily Cover
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a complete layer of cells over the active area of the landfill
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Lift
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last layer of cells plus the landfill final cover
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Final Lift
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3:1
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What is a typical slope of a landfill
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should consist of a composite liner and a leachate collection system . Must be designed to maintain less than 30- cm depth of leachate over the liner . Composite - consist of two components
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Bottom Soil Liner
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a minimum of 30 mil (0.076 cm) flexible membrane liner
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upper component
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at least a two-foot layer of compacted soil with a hydraulic conductivity of 1x10-7 cm/sec
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lower component
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. must have a permeability less than or equal to the permeability of any bottom liner system or a permeability no greater than 1x10-5 cm/sec whichever is less . a minimum of 18 inches of earthen material as drainage layer . a minimum of 6 inches of topsoil material that is capable of sustaining plant growth and minimize erosion
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Final Lift (Final Cover or Cap)
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1. Sanitary landfills 2. Secure Chemical landfills
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Two types of landfills:
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_____________are disposal sites for hazardous wastes, selected and designed to minimize the chance of release of hazardous substances into the environment
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Secure Chemical landfills
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______________are disposal sites for non hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by material applied at the end of each operating day
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Sanitary landfills
