question

Wealth, power, and prestige define a social class. t/f

answer

true

question

Conflict theorists see competition over scarce resources as

answer

cause of social inequality

question

The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called

answer

social stratification

question

Competition over scarce resources is seen as a cause of social inequality according to the conflict theory. t/f

answer

true

question

Owners of the means of production in a capitalist society.

answer

bourgeoisie

question

There are five basic types of stratification. t/f

answer

false

question

Marriage within one's own social category.

answer

endogamy

question

The unequal sharing of scarce resources and social rewards is called

answer

social inequality

question

A division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called social stratification. t/f

answer

true

question

The owners of the means of production in a capitalist society are known as the proletariat. t/f

answer

false

question

Marriage outside of one's own social category is called exogamy. t/f

answer

true

question

The distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved statuses in which system?

answer

class system

question

In a class system, the distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved status. t/f

answer

true

question

Scarce resources and social rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses in

answer

caste system

question

American society is based on the caste system. t/f

answer

false

question

a group of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige.

answer

social class

question

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a combination of

answer

all social factors

question

A division that is based on individual characteristics, abilities, and behaviors does not lead to social inequality.

answer

false

question

In a ____, a person is assigned a status at birth and remains at that level throughout life.

answer

caste system

question

An open class system is based on social mobility that includes

answer

horizontal intergenerational vertical mobility.

question

Social classes in the United States are usually divided into three classes—upper class, middle class, and lower class. t/f

answer

true

question

social class known to have small communities and based on knowledge of lifestyle

answer

reputational

question

Social mobility is not an important feature of an open class system. t/f

answer

false

question

____ individuals can attend prestigious schools and their families have usually been wealthy for generations.

answer

upper class

question

social class that relies on public assistance

answer

underclass

question

Individuals that are primarily high-income business people and professionals are

answer

upper middle class

question

Families that experience unemployment and poverty over several generations are considered

answer

under class

question

Members of the upper middle class hold white-collar jobs. t/f

answer

false

question

Intergenerational mobility is the status difference between generations in different families. t/f

answer

false

question

The subjective method is used to define social class by income, occupation, and education. t/f

answer

false

question

The reputational method is always the best method for determining social class. t/f

answer

false

question

nursing and sales are professions associated with this social class

answer

lower middle class

question

Racial stratification is almost extinct, thanks to reform attempts. t/f

answer

false

question

A(n) _____ can be defined as a group of people who are singled out and treated unequally because of physical characteristics or cultural practices.

answer

minority groups

question

American society is made up of people of the same cultural background. t/f

answer

false

question

Very few societies base access to social rewards and resources on race or ethnicity. t/f

answer

false

question

Ethnicity and race are two words that mean the same thing. t/f

answer

false

question

What is the first step in problem solving?

answer

identify the problem

question

Sociologists are concerned with the reactions of people to certain physical characteristics and how these reactions affect individuals in society. t/f

answer

true

question

There are no biologically pure races. t/f

answer

true

question

Sociologists define the term race as a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics. t/f

answer

true

question

All of the following are physical characteristics used to determine race except

answer

eye color

question

Which of the following is not considered to be an ethnic group?

answer

mongoloid

question

a negative bias against an entire group.

answer

collective discrimination

question

Maintaining control over a group through force is called ____.

answer

subjugation

question

In the 1800s,______ were passed requiring African Americans and white Americans to use separate facilities.

answer

Jim Crow Laws

question

Cultural pluralism allows each minority group to keep its cultural identity. t/f

answer

true

question

The confinement of Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II is an example of

answer

population transfer

question

Affirmative action programs in the United States are an example of legal efforts to achieve equal rights. t/f

answer

true

question

African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians have all faced the same levels of discrimination and prejudice. t/f

answer

false

question

Jim Crow laws were legislation designed to put an end to legal discrimination. t/f

answer

false

question

All of the following are sources of prejudice and discrimination EXCEPT:

answer

subjugation

question

In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be

answer

low levels of prejudice

question

Legal discrimination in the United States was outlawed with the passage of

answer

the Civil Rights Act

question

________ allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity.

answer

cultural pluralism

question

The apartheid system in South Africa was an example of legal discrimination. t/f

answer

true

question

De facto segregation is illustrated by unequal access to the resources of society that pushes some minority groups into less powerful positions. t/f

answer

false

question

Segregation based on laws is called _____

answer

de jure segregation

question

A form of discrimination that is upheld by the law is called _____.

answer

legal discrimination

question

The extermination of an entire targeted population is called ______.

answer

genocide

question

physical separation by policies.

answer

segregation

question

Placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group.

answer

scapegoating

question

the extermination of an entire race

answer

genocide

question

For the dominant group in society, prejudice serves as a justification for discriminatory actions. t/f

answer

true

question

Nazi Germany practiced subjugation. t/f

answer

true

question

The Hispanic population only includes immigrants from Mexico. t/f

answer

false

question

Immigrants have greatly affected many aspects of American culture, including food. t/f

answer

true

question

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants from predominantly Catholic countries faced open discrimination at the hands of the American-born white Protestant majority. t/f

answer

true

question

In the 1900s, Asian immigrants mainly settled in the Southwest, while Hispanics settled along the east coast. t/f

answer

false

question

Competition for jobs produced physical violence and discrimination

answer

Asian Americans

question

All of the following acts have had an impact on Asian Americans except the

answer

Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

question

Which act helped the American Indians in keeping their burial land protected?

answer

Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

question

Immigrants in the 1900s were mainly from

answer

southern and eastern europe

question

The conflict between ideals and actions has been part of the American experience since the arrival of the white settlers on the North American continent in the 1500s. t/f

answer

true

question

The Civil Rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s did not do much to help African-Americans. t/f

answer

false

question

Face many challenges, including suicide and alcohol-related deaths.

answer

American Indians

question

Asian Americans includes people of Filipino ancestry. t/f

answer

true

question

A person's sex is socially created, while gender is biologically determined. t/f

answer

false

question

One result of the second shift is that

answer

women have less leisure time

question

Women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population. t/f

answer

true

question

The women's movement in the United States began almost 250 years ago in the 1700s. t/f

answer

false

question

Women in the United States have 10 hours more leisure time per week than men. t/f

answer

false

question

Which of the following is an example of gender inequality in politics?

answer

under representation in congress

question

On college campuses, 56 percent of all bachelor's degrees are awarded to men. t/f

answer

false

question

A new development in the political arena is that more women are holding statewide positions, which has increased from four percent in years past to twenty-nine percent. t/f

answer

true

question

The family is the most powerful agent of gender socialization. t/f

answer

true

question

Women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population and are more likely to vote, yet

answer

men dominant politics

question

Which of the following is NOT a result of the women's rights movement?

answer

Civil Rights Act

question

The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1920, gave women the right to vote. t/f

answer

true

question

The wage gap—the level of women's income relative to that of men—is currently

answer

75 cents to the dollar

Sociology Unit 4 – Flashcards

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