Sociology Test 1 – Flashcards
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The ____ perspective emphasizes the social contexts in which people live
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sociological
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a group of people who share a culture and a territory is known as a...
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society
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The corners in life that people occupy because of their place in society...
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social location
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Auguste comte is credited as being the founder of...
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sociology
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Using ______, comte applied the scientific method to the social world
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positivism
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Who coined "survival of the fittest"?
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Herbert spencer
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Karl Marx believed that the engine of human history is...
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class conflict
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The ______, according to Marx, were the exploited workers who did not own the means of production
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proletariats
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Durkheim's concept of ______ refers to the degree to which people are tied to their social groups
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Social integration
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The _____ examined by sociologists are recurring characteristics or events
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patterns of behavior
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According to Max Weber, the central force in social change is...
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religion
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Why do women not figure more prominently among early sociologists?
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- sex roles were rigid - Women were assigned roles of wife and mother - 4 C's (cooking, church, children, clothes) - They risked serious disapproval
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Jane Addams
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- Early sociologist and social reformer - co-founded the hull-house - co-winner of the noble prize for peace - strove to bridge the gap btw the powerless and the powerful - co-founded the American civil liberties union
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Talcott Parsons was influential in...
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social theory (models of society)
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with basic sociology, the goal of analyzing some aspect of society is that of...
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gaining knowledge
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________ harnesses the sociological perspective for the benefit of the public
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public sociology
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in _____, symbols are the key to understanding how we look at the world and communicate with one another
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symbolic interactionism
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One of the sociologists who developed symbolic interactionism
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George Herbert Mead
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In the eyes of ______, society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together
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Robert Merton
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Robert Merton used the term ______ for the harmful consequences of people's actions.
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Dysfunctions
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Who was the founder of the conflict theory?
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Karl Marx
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In the research model, specifying what it is that you want to learn about a topic is the stage of...
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defining the problem
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A ______ predicts a relationship between or among variables
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hypothesis
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Sharon had spent months carrying out sociological experiments. She collected a ton of data. What's Sharon's next step?
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Analyzing the results
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The 8th and final step of the research model
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sharing the results
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what you expect to find according to predictions from a theory is known as a...
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hypothesis
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A ________ is a factor thought to be significant for human behavior, which can vary (change) from one case to another
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Variable
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___________ is a precise way to measure a variable
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operational definition
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__________ is the extent to which an operational definition measures what it is intended to measure
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validity
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reliability refers to
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accuracy or consistency
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A _____ is the collection of data by having people answer a series of questions
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survey
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the _______ is made up of the individuals intended to represent the population to be studied
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sample
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in a _______, everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the study
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random sample
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The _____ is drawn from selected subgroups of a target population
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stratified random sample
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If the questions that you ask the people taking part in your study are not ________, you will end up with biased answers
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neutral
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Li, a sociology undergraduate, was required to participate in a research study being conducted by a graduate student in his department. He didn't know the topic until he got there, and the things the interviewer asked him were embarrassing. Li chose answers that weren't quite true -- in fact, they weren't true at all -- in order to save face himself and also to please the interviewer. This is an example of...
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interviewer bias
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_______ is a feeling of trust between researchers and the people they are studying
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rapport
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Questions followed by a list of possible answers that the respondent can select are called...
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close-ended
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Open-ended questions are questions that respondents...
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answer in their own words
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In secondary analysis, researchers analyze data collected by...
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other researchers
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Police reports, photographs, and videos are examples of _______ used by researchers
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secondary analysis
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The subjects in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable make up the...
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experimental group
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In the control group, subjects are...
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not exposed to the independent variable
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The independent variable causes a change in the...
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other variable (dependent)
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________ are used to study people who are unaware that they are being studied
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unobtrusive measures
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The best method of sociological research to use...
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in sociological research, gender
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- is influential - can be an impediment - can lead to interviewer bias - issues can pop up unexpectedly
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professional handling of confidential sociological field notes entails
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protecting respondents
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_________ is the breaking down of national boundaries because of advances in communications, trade and travel
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globalization
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Capitalism becoming the world's dominant economic system
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globalization of capitalism
