question

Both males and females are physically capable of learning to cook and sew, yet most Western societies determine that women should perform these tasks. This illustrates the operation of

answer

Gender Roles

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An important element in traditional views of proper "masculine" and "feminine" behavior is fear of homosexuality. This fear, along with accompanying prejudice, is referred to as

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Homophobia

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The most crucial agents of socialization in teaching gender roles in the United States are

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Parents

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Research by anthropologist Margaret Mead has shown that

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Cultural conditioning is he mos important factor in determining the social roles of males and females

question

Which sociological perspective would acknowledge that it is not possible to change gender roles drastically without dramatic revisions in culture's social structure?

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Functionalist and Conflict Perspectives

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The term sexism is generally used to refer to

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Male prejudice and discrimination against women

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Which of these statements is true?

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Women in the United States are more likely are more likely than men to attend college

question

Which sociological perspective distinguishes between instrumental and expressive roles?

answer

Functionalist Perspective

question

Contemporary feminists recognize the differential treatment of some women not only because of their gender, but also because of their race

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Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status

question

The sense of sisterhood that became evident during the rise of the contemporary feminist movement resembled the Marxist concept of what?

answer

Class Consciousness

question

Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales contend that women take the ____, emotionally supportive role in the family and that men take the ___, practical role, with the two complementing each other.

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Expressive; Instrumental

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A significant component of the ____ approach to gender stratification draws on feminist theory.

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Conflict

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It is not simply that particular men in United States are biased in their treatment of women. All the major institutions of our society-including the government, the armed forces, large corporations, the media, universities, and the medical establishment-are controlled by men. This situation is symptomatic of institutional _____.

answer

Discrimination

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Women from all groups and men from minority groups sometimes encounter attitudinal or organizational bias that prevents them from reaching their full potential. This is known as the ____ ____.

answer

Glass Ceiling

question

Sociologists Arlie Hochschild has used the phrase ____ ____ to describe the double burden that many women face and few men share equitably: work outside the home followed by child care and housework.

answer

Second Shift

question

Within the general framework of their history, ____ sociologists maintain that gender differentiation has contributed to over social stability.

answer

Functionalist

question

Through the rise of contemporary ____, women are developing a greater sense of group solidarity.

answer

Feminism

question

_____ Contributes significantly to rigid gender-role socialization, since may people stereotypical associate male homosexuality with femininity and lesbianism with masculinity.

answer

Homophobia

question

The term ____ ____ ____ was coined by feminist theorist Patricia Hill Collins to describe the convergence of social forces that contributes to subordinate status of poor, non-White women

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Matrix of Domination

question

The author of the pioneering argument for women's rights, the Feminine Mystique, was _____ _____.

answer

Betty Friedan

question

Activity theory is associated with what perspective?

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Interactionist Perspective

question

What is the one crucial difference between older people and other subordinate groups, such as racial and ethnic minorities or women?

answer

All of us who live long enough will eventually assume the ascribed status of being an older person

question

Which field of study was originally developed in the 1930s as an increasing number of social scientists became aware of the plight of the elderly?

answer

Gerontology

question

Which sociological perspective is most likely to emphasize the important role of social networks in providing life satisfaction for elderly people?

answer

Interactionist Perspective

question

Elaine Cumming and William Henry introduced an explanation of the impact of aging is known as?

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Disengagement Theory

question

According to psychologist Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, the first stage of the experience of dying that a person may undergo is what?

answer

Denial

question

Which of the following statements about the elderly is correct?

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All of the above: Being old is a master status. Once people are labeled as "old", the designation has a major impact on how others perceive the, an even on how they view themselves. Negative stereotypes of the elderly contribute to their position as a minority group subject to discrimination.

question

The text points out that the model of five basic properties of a minority or subordinate group can be applied to older people in the United States. What is not a basic property?

answer

Statistically, the elderly represent a majority

question

Which of the following theories argues that elderly people have essentially the same need for social interaction as any other group and that those who remain active and socially involved will be best adjusted?

answer

Activity Theory

question

According to the text, which of the following statements is true?

answer

All of the above: Functionalists portray the elderly as being socially isolated, with reduced social roles. Interactionists see older people as being involved in new networks of people and in changing social roles. Conflict theorists regard older people as being victimized by social structure, with their social roles relatively unchanged that devalued.

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The elderly are ____ regarded in the traditional Sherpa (tibet) culture.

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Highly

question

In keeping with the ____ perspective pf sociology, disengagement theory emphasizes that a society;s stability is ensure when social roles are passed on from one generation to another

answer

Functionalist

question

What is the final phase pf retirement, according to Robert Atchley, that beings when the person can no longer engage om basic day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework

answer

Termination

question

What theorists argue that both the disengagement and the activity perspectives often ignore the impact of social class in the lives of elderly people

answer

Conflict

question

The fastest-growing age group in the United States is the people over what age?

answer

100

question

What is the scientific study of sociological and psychological aspects of aging and the problems pf the aged. It originated in the 1930s as an increasing number of social scientists became aware of the plight of elderly people

answer

Gerontology

question

What theory suggests that society and the aging individual mutually sver many of their relationships based on a study of elderly people in good health and relatively comfortable economic circumstances i

answer

Disengagement

question

What generation do Adults simultaneously try to meet the competing needs pf their parents and their children, in which scientists focused on in the 1990s

answer

Sandwich Generation

question

What state was most populated by the elderly, with 17.6% of the population over age 65

answer

Florida

question

Physician Robert Butler coined what term to refer to prejudice and discrimination based on a person's age?

answer

Ageism

question

Alice, age seven, lives in a private home with her parents, her grandmother, and her aunt. Alice's family is an example of what?

answer

Extended Family

question

In which form of marriage may a person have several spouses in his or her lifetime, but only one spouse at a time?

answer

Serial Monogamy

question

The marriage of a woman to more than one man at the same time is referred to as what?

answer

Polyandry

question

Which system of descent is followed in the United States?

answer

Bilateral

question

According to the functionalist perspective, which of the following is not on of the paramount functions performed by the family?

answer

Mediation

question

Which norm requires mate selection outside certain groups, usually one's own family or certain kinfolk?

answer

Exogamy

question

According to the discussion of social class differences in family life and intimate relationships, what is a true statement?

answer

The upper class emphasizes lineage and maintnence of family position

question

One recent development in family life in the United States has been the extension of parenthood as adult children continue to live at home or return home after college. The reason for this is what?

answer

All of the above: the rising divorce rate, high rents, and financial difficulties

question

In the United States, the majority of all babies born to unmarried teenage mothers are born to whom?

answer

White adolescents

question

Which of the following factors is associated with the high divorce rate in the United States?

answer

All of the above: the liberalization of divorce laws, the fact that contemporary families have fewer children than earlier families did, and the general increase in family incomes

question

What principle assigns people to kinship groups according to their relationship to an individual's mother or father?

answer

Descent

question

What emerged along Native American tribal societies, and in nations in which men were absent for long periods because of warfare or food-gathering expeditions?

answer

Matriarchies

question

In the view of many sociologists what type of family has begun to replace the patriarchal family as the social norm in the United States?

answer

Egalitarian

question

What theorists point out the social class of couples and their children significantly influences the socialization experiences to which the children are exposed and the protection they receive?

answer

Conflict

question

Who focuses on the micro level of family and other intimate relationships; for example, they are interested in whether people are cohabiting partners or are longtime marries couples?

answer

Interactionist

question

The rule of what specifies the groups within which a spouse must be found and prohibits marriage with others?

answer

Endogamy

question

Social class differences in family life are less striking today than they once were; however, in the past, what class families were found to be more authoritarian in rearing children and more inclined to use physical punishment?

answer

Lower

question

Caring for children is a what function of the family, yet the ways in which different societies assign this function to family members can vary significantly?

answer

Universal

question

What perspectives believes the government has a strong interest in encouraging adoption?

answer

Functionalist

question

The rising rates of divorce and remarriage have led to a noticeable increase in what relationships?

answer

Stepfamily

question

Which sociological perspective emphasizes that the common identity and sociological integration fostered by education contribute to overall societal stability and consensus

answer

The Functionalist Perspective

question

What was introduced into school systems to promote social change?

answer

Affirmative Action Programs

question

The correspondence principle was developed by whom?

answer

Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis

question

The student subculture that is hostile to the college environment and seek out ideas that may or may not relate to studies is call the what?

answer

Nonconformists Subculture

question

Most recent research on ability grouping raises questions about what?

answer

Effectiveness, especially for lower-achieving students

question

The mos basic manifest function of education is what?

answer

Transmitting Knwoledge

question

Sixty years ago, a high school diploma was the minimum requirement diploma for entry into the paid labor force of the United States. Today, a college diploma is virtually the bare minimum. This change reflects what process?

answer

Credentialism

question

Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis have argued that capitalism requires a skilled, discipline labor force and that the educational system of the United States is structured with that objective in mind. Citing numerous studies, they offer support for what?

answer

The Correspondence Principle

question

The teacher-expectancy effect is most closely associated with which perspective?

answer

The Interactionist Perspective

question

Sociologist Max Weber noted five basic characteristics of bureaucracy. all of which are evident in the bast majority of schools, whether at the elementary, secondary, or even college level. Which is not a principle?

answer

Shared Decision Making

question

What perspective stressed the importance of education in transmitting culture, maintaining social control, and promoting social change?

answer

Functionalist

question

In the past, the integrative function of education was most obvious through its emphasis on promoting a common what?

answer

Language

question

What subculture identifies with the intellectual concerns of the faculty and values knowledge for its own sake?

answer

Academic

question

What is an experiment school that is developed and managed outside the public school system?

answer

Charter School

question

Women's education tends to suffer in cultures with what?

answer

Gender Roles

question

Schools perform a variety of what functions, such as transmitting culture, promoting social and political integration, and maintaining social control?

answer

Latent

question

Which sociologist points out that better-educated people tend to have greater access to information, to hold more diverse opinions, and to possess the ability to make subtle distinctions in analysis?

answer

Robin Williams

question

What term refers to standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools. For example, children must not speak until the teacher calls on hem and must regulate their activities according to the clock or the bell?

answer

Hidden Curriculm

question

What is the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of their test scores and other criteria?

answer

Tracking

question

Of the four distinctive subcultures among college students discussed in the text, what subculture is interested primarily in career prospects, and views college as a means of obtaining degrees that are essential for advancement?

answer

Vocational

question

Which sociologist stressed the social impact of religion and was perhaps the first to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies?

answer

Emile Durkheim

question

A Roman Catholic parish church offers services in the native language of an immigrant community is an example of what?

answer

The Integrative Function of Religion

question

Sociologists Max Weber pointed out that the followers of John Calvin emphasized a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life. Collectively, this point is referred to as what?

answer

The Protestant Ethic

question

The use of a church, primarily Roman Catholic, in a political effort is eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice evident in a secular society is referred to as what?

answer

Liberation Theology

question

Many people in the United States, strongly adhere to the biblical explanation of the beginning of the universe. Adherents of this point are known as what?

answer

Creationists

question

The Adam and Eve account of creation found in Genesis, the first book of the Old Testament, is an example of a Religious what?

answer

Belief

question

What is not an example of an ecclesia?

answer

The Episcopal Church in the United States

question

Religion defines the spiritual world and fives meaning to the divine. There are what kind of functions of religion?

answer

Mainfest

question

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of religion in human society?

answer

Functionalist Perspective

question

John Calvin, a leader of the Protestant Reformation, emphasized what?

answer

All of the Above: disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life

question

The ____ encompasses elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect and even fear, as compared to the ____, which includes the ordinary and the commonplace.

answer

Sacred; Profane

question

Wicca is an example of what?

answer

Quasi-religion

question

____ is the largest single faith in the world; the second largest is ____

answer

Christianity; Islam

question

What are statements to which member of a particular religion adhere?

answer

Religious Beliefs

question

What is a religious organization that claims to include most or all members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion?

answer

Eccelsia

question

Most religions tend to reinforce men's dominance in secular as well as spiritual matters because they are what?

answer

Patriarchal

question

What is the single largest denomination in the United States?

answer

Roman Catholicism

question

The big bang theory is challenged by whom, who hold to the biblical account of creation of humans and the universe?

answer

Creationists

question

Unlike ecclesiae and denominations, what requires intensive commitments and demonstrations of belief by members?

answer

Sects

question

What is a possible dysfunction that would be the belief that when Roman Catholics focus on political and governmental injustice, the clergy are no longer addressing people's personal and spiritual needs?

answer

Liberation Theology

Sociology Self-Quiz Test 3

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