Sociology-Mass media through Politcs – Flashcards
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What is mass media?
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channels of communication that are available to a very wide segments of population
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What is schooling?
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socialization that involves formal and institutionalized aspects of education
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What is latent function?
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subtle, unintended consequences of an institutional element of which the participants the people are usually aware
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What is teacher expectancy effect?
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the effect of the teacher's expectations on the students actual performance, independent of the student's ability
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What is self-fulfilling prophecy?
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the process by which merely applying a label changes behavior and thus tends to justify the label
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What is stereotype threat?
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the effect of negative stereotype about one self upon one's own test performance
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What is standardized ability test?
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test given to large populations and scored with respect to population averages
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What is achievement test?
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test intended to measure what is actually learned rather than potential
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What is predictive validity?
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the extent to which a test accurately predicts later college grades or some other criterion such as likelihood or graduating
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What is tracking?
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grouping, or stratifying, students in school on basis of ability test score
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What is resegregation?
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process by which move integrated schools become more racially segregated
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What is anorexia nervosa?
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eating disorder characterized by compulsive dieting
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What is epidemiology?
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the study of biological, social, economic and cultural factors associated with disease in society
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What is social epidemiology?
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the study of the effects of social, cultural, temporal and regional factors in disease and health
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What is stigma?
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an attribute that is socially devalued and discredited
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What is Medicaid?
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a governmental assistance program that provides health care assistance for poor, including elderly
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What is Medicare?
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a governmental assistance program established in the 1960's to provide health services for older Americans
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What is Affordable Health Care for America Act?
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passed 2010 but subject to change, the nations health care reform law that has extended some health care insurance to larger segments of the U.S. population
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What is Brown vs. Board of Education?
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the 1954 Supreme Court decision that ruled separate but equal public facilities to be unconstitutional
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What is alienation?
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the feeling of powerlessness and separation from one's group or society
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What is authority?
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power that is perceived by others as legitimate
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What is automation?
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the process by which human labor is replaced by machines
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What is autonomous state model?
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a theoretical model of the state that interprets the state as developing interests of its own, independent of other interest
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What is bureaucracy?
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a type of formal organization characterized by an authority hierarchy, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality
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What is capitalism?
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an economic system based on the principles of market competition, private property, and the pursuit of profit
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What is charismatic authority?
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authority derived from the personal appeal of a leader
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What is communism?
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an economic system where the state is the sole owner of the systems of production
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What is contingent worker?
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those who do not hold the regular job
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What is deindustrialization?
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the transition from predominantly goods-producing economy to one based on the provision of services
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What is democracy?
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system of government based on the principle of representing all people through the right to vote
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What is division of labor?
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the systematic interrelation of different tasks that develop in complex societies
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What is dual labor market?
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the division of the labor market into two segments: primary and secondary labor market
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What is economic restructuring?
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contemporary transformations in the basic structure of work that are permanently altering the workplace
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What is economy?
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the system in which the production, distribution, and consumption of good and services is based
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What is emotional labor?
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work that is explicitly intended to produce a desired state of mind in a client
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What is gender gap?
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gender differences in behavior, such as voting behavior
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What is glass ceiling?
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popular concept referring to the limits that women and minorities experience in job mobility
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What is global assembly line?
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an international division of labor where research and development is conducted in an industrial country
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What is global economy?
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term used to refer to the fact that all dimensions of the economy now cross national border
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What is government?
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those state institutions that represent the population and make rules that govern society
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What is interest group?
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a constituency in society organized to promote its own agenda
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What is interlocking decorate?
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organizational linkages created when the same people sit on the board of directors and number of corporations
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What is job displacement?
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the permeant lose of certain jobs types when employment patterns shift as when manufacturing shut down
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What is multinational corporations?
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corporations that conduct business across national border
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What is nationalism?
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the strong identity associated with an extreme sense of allegiance to one's culture or nation
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What is occupational segregation?
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a pattern in which different group of workers are separated into different occupations
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What is pluralist model?
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a theorist model of power in society as coming from the representation of diverse interests of different groups of society
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What is PAC?
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Political action committees a group of people who organize to support candidates they feel represent their views
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What is postindustrial society?
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a society economically dependent upon the production and distribution of services, information, and knowledge
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What is power?
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a person or group's ability to exercise influence and control over others
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What is power elite model?
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a theoretical model of power posting a strong link between government and business
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What is propaganda?
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information disseminated by a group or organization such as the state intended to justify its own power
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What is rational-legal authority?
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authority stemming from rules and regulations, typically written down as laws, procedure, and code of conduct
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What is sexual harassment?
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unwanted physical or verbal sexual behavior that occurs in relationships that unequal power and that is experienced as a threat to the victims job or educational activities
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What is socialism?
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an economic institution characterized by state ownership and management of the basic industries
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What is spatial mismatch?
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the pattern whereby jobs are located in geographic area located away from groups who need work
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What is state?
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the organized system of power and authority in society
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What is traditional authority?
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authority stemming from long established patterns that give certain people or group legitimate power in society
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What is underemployment?
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the condition of being employed at a skill level below what would be expected given a persons training, experience or education
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What is unemployment rate?
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the percentage of those not working, but officially defined as looking for work
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What is work?
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productive human activity that produces something value, either goods or services
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What is xenophobia?
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the fear or hatred for foreigners
