Test Answers on Sociology Final – Flashcards
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Capitalism is an economic system in which..
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Means of production are held privately and economic activity is accumulation of profits
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Laissez-faire is a form of?
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Capitalism in which people compete freely with little government intervention in economy
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A monopoly is?
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Control of market by a single business firm
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Socialism is defined as?
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Means of production and distribution are collectively owned
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An economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce
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Communism
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Transfers of money, goods, or services that take place but are not reported to the government
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Informal Economy
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Which country will be the world's largest economy in the year 2020?
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China
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding Chinas economy today?
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Hands over state to private enterprises, wealthy, dominated by state enterprises
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Which term was used by Max Weber to refer to the ability to exercise one's will over other?
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Power
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Max Weber defined force as..
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Actual use of coercion to impose one's will on others
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The exercise of power through a process of persuasion is known as
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Influence
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Power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised?
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Authority
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Who created a classification system of authority that distinguishes between traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic authority?
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Max Weber
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In a society based on charismatic authority leaders derive their authority from..
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Custom and accepted practice
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Your textbook lists which of the following countries in which the monarch still holds genuine governmental power?
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Monaco
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A small group of individuals who rule
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Oligarchy
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Type of government does a single person hold all power?
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Dictatorship
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Totalitarianism is a form of
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Dictatorship
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The United States utilizes which type of government?
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Representative Democracy
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What percentage of eligible voters in the U.S. voted in the 2008 presidential election?
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62 percent
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Which group has a particularly low voter turnout?
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Members of Racial and Ethnic Minorities
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As described by C. Wright Mills, the "power elite" is
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Small group of military, industrial and government leaders who control U.S.
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G. William Domhoff's view of the power of structure of U.S. most closely resembles the analysis of which sociological perspective?
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Conflict Perspective
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The pluralist model of power relations in the U.S. suggests that
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Power is held by competing groups which have access to government so no single group is dominant
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A disease of illness that cannot be understood apart from its specific social content
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Culture Bound Syndrome
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Your textbook refers to "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" as
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Health
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The concept of the sick role is associated with which perspective?
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Functionalist Perspective
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Which sociologist developed the concept of the sick role?
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Talcott Parsons
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Talcott Parsons believed physicians function as ____________ for the sick role by verifying a patient's condition as illness or designating the patient as recovered.
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Gatekeepers
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Critics of the functionalist view of the sick role suggest..
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health is related to age, class, gender ethnic, employment and short-term illnesses
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Which sociological perspective suggests that the term "medicalization of society" refers to the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control?
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Conflict Perspective
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Process of medical experts becoming influential in proposing and assessing relevant public policies?
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Medical Model
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The immigration of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians to the U.S. who are desperately needed in their home countries
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Brain Drain
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Just as police and judges can define certain people as criminal, so can health care professionals define who is "sick." This power is described by
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Label theory
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Which sociological perspective would emphasize that inequalities in healthcare have clear life-and-death consequences for some due to the unequal distribution of resources?
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Conflict Perspective
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In examining health, illness, and medicine as a social institution, which sociological perspective generally focuses on microlevel study of the roles played by healthcare professionals and patients?
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Interactionalist Perspective
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Social epidemiology is defined as the
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Study of distribution of disease, impairment and health status across a population
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Prevalence refers to the
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Total number of cases of disorders that exist at a given time
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Morbidity rates are the
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Incidence of diseases in a given population
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Mortality rates are the
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Incidence of death in a given population
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Research in the U.S. and other countries has consistently shown that people in the lower classes have
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Higher Rates of Mortality and Disability
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Which area of study is concerned with the interrelationships among people in their spatial setting and physical environment?
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Human Ecology
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What percentage of the U.S. thought the seriousness of global warming was exaggerated?
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43%
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Which perspective would place a priority on the fact that many major environmental organizations accept funding from oil companies and chemical giants and as a result emphasize limited reform rather than profound structural change?
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Conflict Perspective
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Extreme inequality of resources in the world was initiated by
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Industrial Revolution
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Which of the following is more prevalent in developing nations than in industrialized nations?
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Rural Population, Death of children and Toal Population
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According to the text, which of the following forces is in part responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations?
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Legacy of Colonialism, Multinational Corporations and modernization
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According to world systems analysis, the U.S., Japan, and Germany are all core nations. T/F
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True
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Conflict theorists conclude that, on the whole, multinational corporations have a positive social impact on workers in both industrialized and developing nations. T/ F
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False
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What is more prevalent in developing nation than in industrialized nations?
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Population
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