sociology exam II – Flashcards
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People create reality through their social interaction.
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T
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Social structure, including status and role, provides a guide for everyday living.
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T
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Sociologists use "status" to mean someone's importance.
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F
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A status set refers to the roles people have over the course of their lifetimes.
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F
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A person's racial or ethnic identity is an ascribed status.
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T
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People sometimes use jokes to "put down" others, which is a basic form of social conflict.
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T
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Which of the following concepts defines a social position that a person holds?
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status
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At any given time you occupy a number of statuses. These statuses make up your
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status sets
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Being a professional baseball player is mostly an achieved status.
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T
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The term "master status" refers to being the best in one's occupational field.
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F
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A "role set" refers to all the roles a person has over the course of a lifetime
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F
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People riding together on a subway are called a social group.
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F
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Generally, people in secondary relationships think of others as being a means to some end.
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T
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The leadership style that allows group members the most autonomy is "laissez-faire."
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T
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The success story of the McDonald's organization explains
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that the organizational principles of McDonald's have come to dominate our social life.
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What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another?
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social group
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What is the correct sociological term for all people with a common status, such as "college students"?
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a category
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A temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is a
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crowd
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Which of the following is every society's most important primary group?
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the family
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Expressive leaders are more likely than instrumental leaders to enjoy more personal affection from group members.
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T
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Expressive leadership emphasizes the completion of tasks
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F
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The sociologist who explored the primary group was Charles Horton Cooley
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T
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There are few areas of life in which sexuality does not play some part
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T
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U.S. culture discouraged open discussion of sexuality, so researchers did not begin to study sexuality until the middle of the twentieth century.
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T
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Sociobiologists point out that, in every society throughout the world, people are attracted to youthfulness.
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T
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Primary sex characteristics refer to reproductive organs.
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T
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A reason to study sexuality using the sociological perspective is
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sexuality is both important and controversial.
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Which concept refers to the biological distinction between males and females?
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sex
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Which concept refers to genitals that distinguish females and males?
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primary sex characteristics
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Which concept refers to humans who have some combination of female and male sexual characteristics?
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intersexual
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Sociologists point out that human sexual behavior is very similar across all cultures
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F
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People in all cultures respond to intersexual people with confusion or even disgust.
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F
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Although there is a human "sex drive," our biology does not dictate any specific ways of being sexual.
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T
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Every state in the United States permits lawful marriage between a woman and a man who are first cousins.
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F
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Crime is only one category of deviance
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T
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Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior
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F
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Emile Durkheim's analysis suggests it would be impossible for a society to completely eliminate deviance
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T
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"Due process" means handling alleged offenders within the bounds of the law.
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T
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"The recognized violation of cultural norms" refers to the concept of
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deviance.
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"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime
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refers to a violation of norms enacted into law.
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Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called
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social control
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The formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials is called
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the criminal justice system
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What is considered deviant is mostly the same behavior all around the world
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F
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A poor person who has little chance to go to college and who sells illegal drugs to make money is one example of a deviant "innovator."
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T
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"Primary deviance" refers to the most serious offenses.
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F
