Sociology Exam 4 – Flashcards

Sociologically, why is gender especially significant?

What statement is LEAST accurate regarding sex and gender

The term for the unequal access to power, prestige, and property based on a person’s sex is

While the notion of gender refers to sociological characteristics, the concept of sex refers to ____ characteristics

Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic

Cynthia Fuchs Epstein’s basic argument to explain what determines the type of work performed by men and women in each society?

Which of the following statements best describes how most sociologists believe behavioral gender differences develop between men and women

Who proposed the concept that women are better prepared biologically for mothering than men, which is overlaid in culture

Based on the accident that led to the sex change of a seven month old identical twin as well as the Vietnam veterans study, which statement is MOST accurate regarding the effects of nature and nurture on behavior

Research appears to support the idea that men who have higher levels of testosterone tend to be more aggressive. What is an alternative explanation to the testosterone thesis to explain aggressive behavior in men?

in what society were women and men often considered social equals

What classification or terminology do sociologists apply to women that describe their inability to gain equal access to power, property, and prestige

why do sociologists classify females as a minority group

what activity did Marvin Harris link to the emergence of sex discrimination and men gaining the upper hand

What stage in history did Frederick Engels propose as being responsible for the rise of patriarchy

George Murdock discovered that only a few jobs were considered male dominated in his study of 324 societies around the world. he considered all of the following as male dominated jobs EXCEPT for

in his study of sex typing and work, _____ was the one occupation considered to be men’s work in all the societies examined by George Murdock

What conclusion did George Murdock make following his study of 324 socieities

Felix tends goats in Peru, while his wife, maria, takes care of the family crops. john is a nurse in France and his wife, Sonia, is a midwife. BAsed on cross-cultural studies, whose work would be given more prestige in their respective societies?

What is the practice of suttee

In Pakistan, Jordan, and Kurdistan, a woman who has brought disgrace to her family is killed by a male relative, usually her brother or husband. This practice is called

What is the philosophy that biology is not destiny especially with regard to justifying gender stratification

The first wave of the womens movement had a radical branch and a conservative branch. What was the goal of the radical branch of the movement

Which wave of feminism was characterized by broad goals ranging from an increase in women’s pay to an antiviolence campaign

Which wave of the women’s movement focused on the problems of women in the Least Industrialized nations

What sport did anthropologist Douglas Foley and sociologist Donna Eder examine to illustrate the devaluation of females as a method of motivating ment

The majority of students graduating with a degree in library science are women. Research has shown that this sex typing of majors is primarily due to

The fact that 80 percent of engineering degrees are awarded to men while nearly 90 percent of library science degrees are awarded to women illustrates the phenomenon of

In which profession have women made the greatest change in earning professional degrees compared to the number of degrees conferred to men

Of the following choices, the doctorate conferred with the greatest percentage of women recipients is ____ while the doctorate with the greatest percentage to en is ____

______ was the first to propose that we might need affirmative action for men

in 1890 the ratio of women in the workforce was ____. Today the ratio of women in the workforce is almost ___

Based on the same levels of academic achievement, where does the greatest pay gap exist between men and women over their lifetimes

What is the term for gender discrimination against women who miss the work experience while they care for children at home

Marketing, sales, and production positions are considered ____ that lead to the top of a company

Of the nation’s top 500 corporations, referred to as the Fortune 500, ____ are headed by women

What term describes the invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to the top levels of a corporation

which of the following statements best describes how feminists view sexual harassment

By the 1970s women began to perceive unwanted sexual advances at work and school as part of a ____ problem

Even when women break through the crackling glass ceiling, they still confront gender ____ that portrays them in a less favorable light than men

Sexual harassment was not recognized as being a social problem until the

Both the FBI and NCVS collect data on the incidence of rape. Which statement BEST summarizes the relationship between the results obtained by the FBI compared to those obtained by the NCVS

Which group of men do women fear the most as potential rapists?

The age range of women most likely to be victims of rape is

Why do most acquaintance rapes go unreported to authorities

Which statement BEST summarizes the relationship between killers and their victims

What are the two careers most associated with being successful in politics both of which are underrepresented by women

in politics what distinction does Carol Moseley Braun hold

Of the following, which political office is Most represented by women in the US based on the percentage of the total officeholders

Which phrase best describes Miss Rivers’ Lodge

What is a group of people with inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group

As described in the text what are the two myths of race

How did the 2000 US Census instruct Americans to classify themselves in relation to race

Who is the best known “Cablinasian”

Ashley Montagu classified humans into ____ different racial groups

While race might reflect our biological heritage, ____ reflecs or cultural heritage

Which statement is MOST accurate regarding the meaning of race

What term did Louis Wirth use to define groups of people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination

In society, which group has the greatest power, privileges, and social status

Based on the textbook, what are two ways a group bcomes a minority

Tony Pascalucci often wears a shirt that says, “Kiss me, I’m Italian.” He flies the Italian flag at his US home, greets people by saying, ‘Buongiono,” and is known for making the best lasagna in the valley. In view of this, which phrase best describes Tony’s behavior

For the last 5 years, Sarah ahs been trying to recover her ethnic heritage by tracing her fqamily line. This attempt to trace her family line is an example of

What is the term used to describe an attitude that exaggerates the virtues of a group such as all Asian Americans being brilliant or all African Americans being great athletes?

The belief held by many African Americans that lighter skinned African American women are more attractive than those with darker skin is referred to as

Prejudice describes _____ while discrimination describes ___-

What is the Implicit Association Test

What did Ezekiel suggest as the reason why some people are attracted to racist hate groups

Pedro, a legal immigrant from Mexico, and George, a white male whose family has been in American for several generations, have each applied for a car loan at the local bank. Pedro’s loan was turned down while George was granted a loan. In comparing their credit history both men had good credit and their debts and income were comparable. This is an example of ____ against Pedro

Based on the most research why are race and ethnicity often factors in medical decisions that favor treatment for white patients

Who developed the theory of prejudice that addressed frustration levels and scapegoats

According to Adorno, a ____ is a person who is prejudiced and ranks high on scales of conformity, intolerance, insecurity, respect for authority, and submissiveness to superiors

Who was the theorist who concluded that highly prejudiced people are actually insecure conformiss

The group in society made up of the unemployed who can be put to work during times of high production and then laid off when they are no longer needed is called

____ refers to seeing certain features of a situation while ignoring others, and the use of labels to group individual members as if the were all alike

The Native Americans were to the white American settlers as the ____ were to the Dutch settlers of South Africa

When an executioner wears a hood he is separating his true identity from the one carry out the execution. Such behavior is part of an effort to separate one’s feelings from one’s acts, called

Under czarist Russia, daily living conditions for Jews were made so intolerable that millions chose to leave Russia and migrate to other countries. This is an example of

The relocation of Native Americans to reservations and the transfer of Americans of Japanese descent to internment camps during WWII are examples of

When Bosnian Serbs practiced ethnic cleansing of the Muslim population during the 1990s, they employed a combination of

Slavery and apartheid are both examples of the ways in which a country’s dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage. What do sociologists call this policy

Of the following the most extreme example of internal colonialism is

When the Native Americans wee pacified by the military in the late 1800s, they were forced to learn the English language, dress like the white man, renounce their religion, and give up their customs. This was a classic example of

Switzerland is made up of four separate ethnic groups that ahe kept their own languages but are peacefully united politically and economically. This pattern of intergroup relations is an example of

What is another name for multiculturalism

What is a Chicano

To which ethnic heritage do more caucasians in america trace their roots than any other

What is the largest minority group in the US today

Which state has the highest percentage of minorities

In American history, who were the white ethnics

What is the total number of Latinos in the US, including the official tally as well as the estimate of those in the us illegally

The 1896 Supreme Court ruling that approved separate but equal accommodations for blacks and whites as a reasonable use of state power was

The sense that better conditions are soon to follow which, if unfulfilled, increases frustration, is called

The sociologist who argued that social class has become the most significant factor in the lives of African Americans in today’s US society was

Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, any Asian was viewed as an enemy of America. This phenomenon taht occurs when one ethnic group that resembles another is also discriminated against because of mere association is called

____ are often referred to as the invisible minority

What did Prop 209, a 1996 amendment to the California constitution, address

What was the Michigan amendment to its state constitution that made it illegal for public institutions of any kind to consider race or sex in college admissions, hiring decisions, or awarding of contracs

Sociologically, what is a family

Frank, Jim, Martha, and Louise occupy the same apartment, sharing routine chores such as cooking, cleaning, and laundry. Each contributes a share of their earnings to pay utilities and food costs. Sociologist would describe this group as a

In Bongo Bongo, male members of the tribe may each legally have three wives. This is a family relationship defined as

John was adopted as an infant by the Smiths, and has always considered them his real family. What do sociologists classify the Smith family as it is regarded by John

In some Native American tribes, what transpires when a male warrior takes on a berdache

In some tribal societies it is highly encouraged for the son or daughter of one tribe to marry the son or daughter of a neighboring or rival tribe to build camaraderie and form an alliance. This pattern of marital behavior is called

In the US and many other parts of the world, the common practice is for whites to marry whites, AA to marry AA, and members of specific social classes to marry within their class. This marital practice is called

It is still customary in US society for a bride to accept her husband’s last name and for the bride’s family to pay for the wedding. What is the line of authority this represents.

Why do functionalists argue that the incest taboo is a nearly universal norm

Which of the following family situations is most likely to result in emotional overlaod

Bertha has just turned 16 and has caught the special interest of her father because she looks just as attractive and sexy as her mother did when they first dated. Bertha’s mother has noticed this and now feels like a maid, not a wife and mother. What do sociologists call this condition of a father seeing his daughter as a possible sexual interest, and a wife feeling as though she is a maid, rather than a wife and mother

Of the following household responsibilities, in which category is there the greatest gap in hours between the husbands duties and wife’s duties

Husbands remain primarily responsible for earning the income and wives are primarily responsible for the house and children. this is an arrangement sociologists call

In the US what is the choice of a marriage partner most dependent upon

Based on research, romantic love consists of what two components

What state has the most extreme penalty for interracial marriage

What is the single greatest influence of marital homogamy

Among married couples, who is the most likely to care for preschoolers when both parents work outside the ome

In his research on family, what did sociologist Melvin Kohn discovr about how parents socialize their children

Ivan is the son of working class parents. What is the likely method his parents will use in his rearing

Boomerang children is a term used to refer to children

Another name for boomerang children is

Marianne and her children live in a neighborhood where all the families share their resources when someone needs help. The neighbors also consider themselves to be an extended family. Sociologists would describe them as

Although subject to debate what does evidence suggest about the emphasis on machismo in Latino families

A common sociological finding in Latino family research is ____ is more important in determining family life than being Latino or one’s country of origin

Kim is the child of Asian American parents. When she misbehaves, how will her parents most likely discipline her

Asian American families are more likely to adopt the practice of ___, which is the Confucian value meaning each member of a family owes respect to other family members

The percentage of married US women who have never given birth is the lowest among which ethnic or racial group

Mark and Sally are married, both are working, and they chose not to have children. What classification best fits them

Sociologically what is a blended family

What state passed Prop 8, which limits marriage to men and women

how has the age of the average first time bride and groom in the US changed since 1890

What is the main difference between cohabitation and marriage

Edgar and Jayne are a couple in their 40s. They are busy raising a family of hree children. They also spend considerable time each week at their parents’ homes doing yard maintenance and running errands for their parents. Edgar and Jayne are members of the ____ generation

Of the 60 million married couples in the US today, statistics show that approximately ____ of these will be divorced a year from now

From a sociological perspective of marriage and divorce, to what does the term continuities refer

Johnnie’s parents were divorced three years ago. During the first year after the divorce, Johnnie’s father visited him every week. Then Johnnie’s father remarried and fathered another child. Now he rarely visits Johnnie. This situation is an example of

The divorce rate of remarried people with children is higher than the divorce rate of first marriages. Which sentence best describes the divorce rate of remarried people without children

What do sociologists argue as being the factor most related to violence against women

In order t o include cohabitating couples as well as gay and lesbian couples, sociologists suggest the term marital rape be change to ____ rape

In which family setting is incest most likely to occur