sociology chapter 6 – social roles – Flashcards
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Thomas Theorem
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states that when a situation is defined as real to an individual or group, it becomes real in its consequences
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Definition of the situation
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states that individuals will define the same situation in different ways based on their own subjective experience
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dramaturgical approach
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viewing social interaction as akin to stage performance
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Erving Goffman
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introduced dramaturgical approach and impression management
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Impression management
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refers to the strategies people adopt when presenting themselves publicly
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status
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a recognized social position within society that an individual occupies
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status set
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a collection of statuses held by an individual in a given time
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ascribed status
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a position that an individual inherits or is born with
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achieved status
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a position that an individual earns through hardwork
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master status
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the status of an individual that dominates all other statuses and plays the greatest role in the individual's social identity
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status hierarchy
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term used to describe the ranking of statuses from high to low based on power and prestige
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status inconsistency
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when a person occupies statuses that are ranked differently
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role
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is a set of expected behaviors, attitudes and responsibilities associated with a particular status
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Robert Merton
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developed the idea of role set
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Role set
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comprises all the roles attached to a status
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role strain
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tension or disharmony between roles within the role set of a particular status
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role conflict
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incompatible expectations generated by two or more statuses
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role exit
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involves disengaging from a role that has been central to one's identity and attempting to establish a new one
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example of achieved status
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occupation/ profession athlete graduate
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example of ascribed status
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monarchy / king or queen sex race
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example of status
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mother/ father CEO baseball player Actor/Actress
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example of status set
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Mother Wife sister Aunt
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example of role
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parent is expected to take care of their child and provide them with the basic needs of life baseball player is expected to play their best performance to hit the ball and win the game
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example of role set
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a police officer (status) is a law enforcer as well as a protector
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example of role strain
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Police officer is charged with convicting a criminal but also protecting them from harm a student chooses to study for an upcoming test or hang out with one's friends
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example of role conflict
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A CEO of a company is a mother and a wife and has to choose between going to the office or taking care of her family at home A baseball player is also a father to his new born son has to choose to play the opening game of the season or spend time with his new born
