Sociology Chapter 4- Social Structure – Flashcards
46 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 46question
achieved status
answer
status that is acquired by the individual on the basis some special skill, knowledge, or ability
Unlock the answer
question
master status
answer
can be achieved or ascribed, tends to define who you are
Unlock the answer
question
reciprocal roles
answer
a role that is based on another
Unlock the answer
question
role expectation
answer
determined by society as behavior fitting a role
Unlock the answer
question
role performance
answer
role behavior doesn't match expectations
Unlock the answer
question
role set
answer
every status has more than one role, which is a role set
Unlock the answer
question
role conflict
answer
MULTIPLE, one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another
Unlock the answer
question
role strain
answer
SINGULAR, occurs when people have a difficult time meeting the role expectations of a single status
Unlock the answer
question
social institution
answer
system of statuses, roles, values, and norms that is organized to meet one or more of the basic needs of society
Unlock the answer
question
group
answer
functions are to define boundaries, select leaders, assign tasks, control members' behavior, make decisions, and set goals
Unlock the answer
question
aggregate
answer
group of people gathered together in the same time who lack organization or lasting patterns of interactions
Unlock the answer
question
social category
answer
group of people who share a common trait or status
Unlock the answer
question
dyad
answer
group with 2 members
Unlock the answer
question
triad
answer
group with 3 members
Unlock the answer
question
small group
answer
group with few enough members that everyone is able to interact on a face-to-face basis
Unlock the answer
question
primary group
answer
interact over a long period of time on a direct, personal basis, intimate and face-to-face
Unlock the answer
question
secondary group
answer
interaction is impersonal and temporary, casual and limited to personal involvement
Unlock the answer
question
reference group
answer
any group with whom individuals identify and whose attitudes and values they often adopt
Unlock the answer
question
in group
answer
group an individual belongs to and identifies with
Unlock the answer
question
out group
answer
any group that an individual does not belong to or identify with
Unlock the answer
question
social network
answer
web relationship that is formed by the sum total of an individual's interaction with other people
Unlock the answer
question
subsistence strategy
answer
the way in which a society uses technology to provide for the needs of its members
Unlock the answer
question
division of labor
answer
specialization by the individuals or groups in the performance of specific economic activities
Unlock the answer
question
preindustrial society
answer
can be subdivided into hunting and gathering, pastoral, horticultural, or agriculutral
Unlock the answer
question
industrial society
answer
the mechanized production of goods is the main economic activity
Unlock the answer
question
postindustrial society
answer
economic activity centers on the production of information and the provision of service
Unlock the answer
question
exchange
answer
individuals, groups, or societies interact in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their actions
Unlock the answer
question
competition
answer
2 or more persons or groups that oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain
Unlock the answer
question
conflict
answer
deliberate attempt to control by force, oppose, harm, or resist the will of another person or persons
Unlock the answer
question
cooperation
answer
when 2 or more persons or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit many people
Unlock the answer
question
accommodation
answer
state of balance between cooperation and conflict
Unlock the answer
question
formal organization
answer
large, complex secondary group that has been established to achieve specific goals
Unlock the answer
question
bureaucracy
answer
ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and procedures
Unlock the answer
question
rationalization
answer
process of subjecting every feature of human behavior to calculations, measurement, and control
Unlock the answer
question
voluntary organization
answer
nonprofit organization formed to pursue some common interest
Unlock the answer
question
oligarchy
answer
tendency of organizations to become increasingly dominated by small groups of people
Unlock the answer
question
major social institutions (7)
answer
1. religion 2. family 3. education 4. politics 5. economy 6. media 7. business
Unlock the answer
question
requirements of a group (4)
answer
1. at least 2 people 2. there must be interaction 3. shared expectations 4. common identity
Unlock the answer
question
ways that groups differ (3)
answer
1. length of time they remain together 2. organizational structure 3. size
Unlock the answer
question
forms of accommodation (4)
answer
1. compromise 2. truce 3. mediation 4. arbitration
Unlock the answer
question
characteristics of Weber's Model of Bureaucracies (5)
answer
1. division of labor 2. ranking of authority 3. employment based on formal qualification 4. rules and regulation 5. specific lines of promotion and advancement
Unlock the answer
question
criticisms of bureaucracies (5)
answer
1. self continuation 2. the peter principle 3. red tape 4. iron law of oligarchy 5. parkinson's law
Unlock the answer
