Sociology Chapter 11- Family and Societies
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When two or more people live together and have a legally or normatively recognized relationship, this is an example of which of the following social institutions? a. Adoption b. Marriage c. Family d. Household
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Family
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Physical or sexual abuse committed by one family member against another is referred to as: a. Domestic violence b. Intimate partner violence c. Interfamily abuse d. Domestic partner violence
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Domestic violence
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Marriages may be legitimized by which of the following? a. Legal authorities only b. Religious and legal authorities c. Religious authorities, legal authorities, and cultural norms d. Cultural norms only
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Religious authorities, legal authorities, and cultural norms
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Which of the following is an explanation for declining fertility rates in modern societies? a. Children begin to be seen as more of an economic cost rather than a wage-earning benefit. b. More traditional ideas about gender roles and family values c. Less access to contraception d. Parents are more likely to be working in the home
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Children begin to be seen as more of an economic cost rather than a wage-earning benefit.
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In preindustrial societies, which of the following marriage patterns was most common? a. Polygamy b. Polygyny c. Polyandry d. Monogamy
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Polygyny
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In post-industrial societies, serial monogamy describes which of the following? a. Marriage to more than one person b. Divorce and remarriage c. Extramarital affairs d. Marriage to only one person
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Divorce and remarriage
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Marriage limited to partners who are members of the same social group or caste are referred to as: a. Endogenous b. Heterosexual c. Exogenous d. Homogenous
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Endogenous
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About what percent of new marriages are between spouses of different races or ethnicities? a. 1 b. 30 c. 5 d. 15
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15
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Which of the following racial groups is most likely to marry outside their race or ethnicity? a. Whites b. Hispanics c. Asians d. Blacks
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Asians
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In the United States, the primary caregiver is often: a. Extended kin b. Godparents c. Daycare employees d. Biological parents or stepparents
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Biological parents or stepparents
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Social groups consisting of one or more parents, children, and other kin, often spanning several generations, living in the same household are referred to as: a. Extended families b. Kinship networks c. Nuclear families d. Extended kinship systems
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Extended families
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Families characterized by parents living with their biological children and apart from other kin are referred to as: a.Traditional b. Biological c. Nuclear d. Extended
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Nuclear
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In 2011, about how many children lived in single-parent households? a. 27% b. 33% c. 12% d. 50%
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27%
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Which of the following is true of same-sex families? a. The U.S. Census counts same-sex partners living together as family households b. The majority of states and DC allow same-sex partners to legally marry c. There are over 115,000 same-sex households raising children d. It is just as simple for a same-sex couple to get divorced as a hetero couple.
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There are over 115,000 same-sex households raising children
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What expression does Talcott Parsons use to describe the family? a. Factory of socialization b. Socialization factories c. Factory of personalities d. Sites of socialization
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Factory of personalities
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The phenomenon in which the nuclear family supports adult family members emotionally is referred to as: a. Personality stabilization b. Adult personality socialization c. Emotional stabilization d. Sociopsychological permanence
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Personality stabilization
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Which of the following is true of marriage in the United States? a. On average, women are older than men at their first marriage b. People are choosing to get married earlier in life c. The U.S. marriage rate exceeds that of most other modern societies d. Rates of marriage have increased
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The US marriage rate exceeds that of most other modern societies
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The phenomenon of dividing production by gender and designating the public sphere to men and the private sphere to women is referred to as: a. Gendered labor divisions b. Gender segregation c. Distribution of sexual production d. Sexual division of labor
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Sexual division of labor
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In her 1982 book The Future of Marriage, Jessie Bernard introduced the concept of: a. The marriage contradiction b. His and her marriages c. Gendered marriages d. Sex roles in the kinship system
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His and her marriages
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Which of the following is a feminist critique of marriage? a. It gives men privileged access to the rewards of capitalism b. It ensures women are taken care of and protected c. Traditional gender roles promote a stable economy d. It provides purposes and meaning for women's lives
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It gives men privileged access to the rewards of capitalism
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The wave of pregnancies and births in the United States that occurred following World War II is referred to as: a. Baby boom b. Baby bump c. Post-war birth influx d. Post-war birth boom
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Baby boom
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The broad discontent born of women's exclusion from the workplace and their lack of fulfillment in their roles as wives and mothers is referred to as what by Betty Friedan? a. The feminine mystique b. The problem that has no name c. Suburban housewife syndrome d. Tranquilization
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The problem that has no name
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About what percentage of total U.S. households are made up of traditional nuclear families in 2011?
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7
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About what percentage of children lived in two-parent households in 2011? a. 55 b. 27 c. 89 d. 69
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69
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About what percentage of people in the United States lived alone in 2011?
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27
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A relationship in which partners live as if married but without marriage's formal legal framework is referred to as: a. Living in sin b. Civil marriage c. Cohabitation d. Domestic partnership
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Cohabitation
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What is the name of the 1996 federal law that recognized \"marriage\" as being only a legal union between one man and one woman? a. Right to Marriage Act b. Defense of Marriage Act c. Don't Ask, Don't Tell d. National Marriage Classification Statute
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Defense of marriage act
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Legal unions that fall short of marriage but provide some state-level legal rights and benefits are referred to as: a. Common law marriage. b. Domestic partnership. c. Same-sex marriage. d. Civil union.
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Civil union
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Legal unions that provide a circumscribed spectrum of rights and benefits to same-sex couples are referred to as: a. Common law marriage b. Domestic partnership c. Same-sex marriage d. Civil union
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Domestic partnership
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A person who lives, works, worships, and is politically active in one nation, while still maintaining strong political, social, religious and/or cultural ties in other nations, is embodying: a. Internationalism b. Migrancy c. Transnationalism d. Transnational migrancy
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Transnationalism
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Which of the following refers to the practice of one woman having multiple husbands? a. Polyandry b. Polygyny c. Monogamy d. Marriage e. Family
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Polyandry
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According to some studies, which of the following is characteristic of working-class or low-income child-rearing styles, or accomplishment of natural growth? a. Value initiative b. Teach critical thinking skills c. Directly nurture development and learning d. Issuing directives rather than explanations
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Issuing directives rather than explanations
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As of 2013, total student loan debt now exceeds consumer credit card debt. a. True b. False
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Teue
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Antimiscegenation laws, ruled unconstitutional in 1967, sought to limit marriage to only endogenous relationships between people of the same race. a. True b. False
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True
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In most cultures, polyandry is far more common than polygamy. a. True b. False
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False
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One explanation for why married couples \"match up\" in terms of their race, ethnicity, religion, or class is because their \"marriage markets,\" such as college or places of worship are relatively homogenous. a. True b. False
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True
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Extended families are more common in Canada, Australia, and Western Europe, while nuclear families are more common in Eastern Europe, Africa, and Central America. a. True b. False
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False
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In the United States, extended families are more common in lower income households, in rural areas, and among recent migrants and minorities. a. True b. False
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True
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The shift from agricultural to industrial to post-industrial economies has made the family's economic purpose more central than its reproductive and socializing functions. a. True b. False
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False
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Talcott Parsons argued that distinct sex roles clarified the social status of the family, by being derived from the male's social position. a. True b. False
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True
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Talcott Parsons posited that women are socialized into _____ roles as mothers and wives, while men are socialized into _____ roles as breadwinners in the public sphere. a. expressive, instrumental b. passive, active c. nurturing, ambitious d. instrumental, expressive
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Instrumental, expressive
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According to Bernard's analysis, _____ scored highest on stress indicators, while _____ scored lowest on stress indicators. a. unmarried men, married women b. married women, married men c. unmarried women, married women d. unmarried men, unmarried women
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Unmarried women, married women
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According to Nancy Chodorow women, are socialized to be _____, seeking close bonds and defining themselves through relationships. a. interpersonal b. social c. nurturing d. relational
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Relational
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First-generation immigrant women typically have _____ birth rates compared to native-born U.S. women, while second-generation typically have _____ birth rates compared to native-born U.S. women. a. higher, lower b. lower, higher c. higher, similar d. lower, similar
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Higher, similar
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An estimated _____ % of deaf people marry others who share their own language and culture. a. 85 b. 90 c. 30 d. 15
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85
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According to ____, masculinity in boys may thus develop in part as a nonfemininity because of early childhood rejection by the mother. a. Erving Goffman b. Talcott Parsons c. Nancy Chodorow d. Charlotte Perkins Gilman
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Nancy Chodorow
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One explanation for high divorce rates in the United States is our dominant culture, which places a high value on ____. a. The sexuoeconomic relationship b. Romantic love c. The sanctity of marriage d. Communal fulfillment
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Romantic love
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As of 2013, both marriage and divorce rates are ____. a. On the decline b. Rapidly rising c. Completely stable for the first time in decades d. Occurring earlier in life
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On the decline
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Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of an international family? a. A Haitian woman emigrates to the United States for work, while relying on her friends and family to perform child-minding in her absence b. A Japanese couple moves to California for work and sends remittances back to their parents c. A married woman travels across the Canadian border each day for work d. A Sudanese American family makes regular Skype calls to their relatives who live back home
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A married woman travels across the Canadian border each day for work
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Which of the following is NOT a social role commonly attributed to families? a. Care for children and the elderly b. Transmission of cultural values c. Units of economic consumption d. Mass production of goods and services
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Mass production of goods and services
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Which of the following would NOT be considered a sociological definition of marriage? a. A relationship between two or more individuals, which serves as a framework for economic, emotional, and sexual relations b. A relationship defined as only being between one man and one woman c. A relationship between two individuals that is legally legitimized d. A culturally normative and recognized relationship between two people
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A relationship defined as only bring between a man and a woman
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Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Native American families? a. Close family ties extend across multiple generations b. High levels of caregiving for elderly relatives and high levels of caregiving by elderly relatives for young children c. Higher value on the individual rather than the collective d. Increased assimilation and acculturation with more exposure to mainstream America
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Higher value on the individual rather than collective
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Which of the following is NOT a macro-level example of the micro-level \"devaluation of the feminine\" by boys as outlined in Chodorow's work? a. Domination of the economic sphere by men b. Religious clergy being primarily made up of men c. An employer hiring a male applicant with \"leadership\" experience over a female applicant with \"cooperative\" experience d. The gender wage gap
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An employer hiring a male applicant with \"leadership\" experience over a female applicant with \"cooperate\" experience
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Which of the following would NOT be considered a sociological explanation for increased divorce rates in the United States? a. The advent of no-fault divorce laws b. Increased stigma about divorce c. Greater economic independence for women d. Increased protections for victims of domestic violence
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Increased stigma about divorce
