Sociology CH 6 Quiz – Flashcards

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The first acts of deviance that people engage in before they ever get caught and labeled are known as:
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primary deviance.
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Victor Rios wrote Punished: The Criminalization of Inner City Boys (2010), in which he questions whether:
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increasing police in inner-city neighborhoods actually increases criminal records of the youth there.
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Although deviant behavior can be bad for social cohesion, it is paradoxical because:
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it is the deviants among us who hold society together.
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According to data on mass incarceration in the United States, the national cost per prisoner is approximately how much per year?
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$20,000
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In 1973, the governor of New York State enacted legislation mandating increased prison terms for drug possession and sale. These are still in effect and are known as:
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the Rockefeller drug laws.
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Which term best describes what happens when other people label a person and that label affects his or her actions?
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secondary deviance
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Jennifer goes into a local boutique and slips a bracelet into her purse. She successfully shoplifts for the first time. Labeling theorists would call this ____________ deviance.
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primary
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Punishments that are based on the usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership are known as unspoken rules and as:
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informal social sanctions.
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A person who desires a big mansion and the perfect "American Dream" lifestyle, but sells illegal drugs to achieve this, is known by Merton as a(n):
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innovator
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Former Enron CEO Kenneth Lay committed crimes such as misappropriating funds, issuing false reports, and destroying evidence. These crimes are known as:
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corporate crimes.
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A drug dealer stops selling drugs after learning on the street that another dealer was caught and punished. This is an example of which of the following?
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general deterrence
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the current U.S. incarceration rate?
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It is the highest in American history.
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After a student drops out of high school, she becomes labeled a "drop-out," and her subsequent actions and choices are explained in terms of this label.Those subsequent actions are called:
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secondary deviance
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Which of the following crimes has the most financial impact in the United States today?
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white-collar crime
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Which of Durkheim's types of social solidarity characterizes modern life?
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organic
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Mark is a member of a small tribe in New Guinea. The majority of people in his group fish for sustenance and share their catch with all the other members. Most of the people in his culture are very similar in their values, norms, and outlook on life. Mark steals from another member of his tribe. He will probably receive which type of social realignment?
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Mark will be shamed in front of the entire tribe.
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Charles is a 41-year-old man who recently got caught committing a crime after serving a long prison sentence. This is an example of:
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recidivism
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Crime and deviance:
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can be the same or entirely different phenomena.
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In a gathering society, most people do the same things. They gather food for their survival, so the members of a society are very similar. Durkheim would say that the type of solidarity in a gathering society would be:
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mechanical
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Devah Pager (2001) found, in her study of job applications and criminal records, that a negative social label affects people's chances in life. This label is called a ____________ by sociologists.
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stigma
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Why is it so difficult to track the crime rate over time?
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The way particular crimes are defined changes over time.
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An elementary school isn't a total institution because:
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students leave every afternoon and adopt different roles at that time.
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One of the major changes associated with the modern prison system is:
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the shift from "violence against the body" to "reforming the soul."
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Which theory developed by Cloward and Ohlin (1960) explains that street crime rises and falls in relation to the availability of legitimate economic opportunities?
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differential opportunity theory
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According to Durkheim's research, what is the primary reason that Protestants are more likely to kill themselves than Catholics and Jews?
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Protestantism is premised on the individual, which creates less social integration.
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