Sociology CH 6 Quiz – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The first acts of deviance that people engage in before they ever get caught and labeled are known as:
answer
primary deviance.
question
Victor Rios wrote Punished: The Criminalization of Inner City Boys (2010), in which he questions whether:
answer
increasing police in inner-city neighborhoods actually increases criminal records of the youth there.
question
Although deviant behavior can be bad for social cohesion, it is paradoxical because:
answer
it is the deviants among us who hold society together.
question
According to data on mass incarceration in the United States, the national cost per prisoner is approximately how much per year?
answer
$20,000
question
In 1973, the governor of New York State enacted legislation mandating increased prison terms for drug possession and sale. These are still in effect and are known as:
answer
the Rockefeller drug laws.
question
Which term best describes what happens when other people label a person and that label affects his or her actions?
answer
secondary deviance
question
Jennifer goes into a local boutique and slips a bracelet into her purse. She successfully shoplifts for the first time. Labeling theorists would call this ____________ deviance.
answer
primary
question
Punishments that are based on the usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership are known as unspoken rules and as:
answer
informal social sanctions.
question
A person who desires a big mansion and the perfect "American Dream" lifestyle, but sells illegal drugs to achieve this, is known by Merton as a(n):
answer
innovator
question
Former Enron CEO Kenneth Lay committed crimes such as misappropriating funds, issuing false reports, and destroying evidence. These crimes are known as:
answer
corporate crimes.
question
A drug dealer stops selling drugs after learning on the street that another dealer was caught and punished. This is an example of which of the following?
answer
general deterrence
question
Which of the following statements is true regarding the current U.S. incarceration rate?
answer
It is the highest in American history.
question
After a student drops out of high school, she becomes labeled a "drop-out," and her subsequent actions and choices are explained in terms of this label.Those subsequent actions are called:
answer
secondary deviance
question
Which of the following crimes has the most financial impact in the United States today?
answer
white-collar crime
question
Which of Durkheim's types of social solidarity characterizes modern life?
answer
organic
question
Mark is a member of a small tribe in New Guinea. The majority of people in his group fish for sustenance and share their catch with all the other members. Most of the people in his culture are very similar in their values, norms, and outlook on life. Mark steals from another member of his tribe. He will probably receive which type of social realignment?
answer
Mark will be shamed in front of the entire tribe.
question
Charles is a 41-year-old man who recently got caught committing a crime after serving a long prison sentence. This is an example of:
answer
recidivism
question
Crime and deviance:
answer
can be the same or entirely different phenomena.
question
In a gathering society, most people do the same things. They gather food for their survival, so the members of a society are very similar. Durkheim would say that the type of solidarity in a gathering society would be:
answer
mechanical
question
Devah Pager (2001) found, in her study of job applications and criminal records, that a negative social label affects people's chances in life. This label is called a ____________ by sociologists.
answer
stigma
question
Why is it so difficult to track the crime rate over time?
answer
The way particular crimes are defined changes over time.
question
An elementary school isn't a total institution because:
answer
students leave every afternoon and adopt different roles at that time.
question
One of the major changes associated with the modern prison system is:
answer
the shift from "violence against the body" to "reforming the soul."
question
Which theory developed by Cloward and Ohlin (1960) explains that street crime rises and falls in relation to the availability of legitimate economic opportunities?
answer
differential opportunity theory
question
According to Durkheim's research, what is the primary reason that Protestants are more likely to kill themselves than Catholics and Jews?
answer
Protestantism is premised on the individual, which creates less social integration.
