Sociology Book Notes 7 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Peter Moskos wrote what book?
answer
Cop in the Hood
question
What is the point of "Cop in the Hood"?
answer
Moskos describes his beat as seen through the eyes of a sociologist doing an ethnographic study. Looking beyond the stereotypes he found a diverse and vibrant community.
question
What has Naomi Wolf known for?
answer
Terming the beauty myth to refer to an an exaggerated idea of beauty, beyond the reach of all but a few females.
question
Is deviance set in stone?
answer
No, it is subject to social definition within a particular society and at a particular time.
question
What interactionist termed "stigma" and what does it imply?
answer
Erving Goffman coined the term stigma to describe the labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups.
question
Who termed "spoiled identity"? and what does it mean?
answer
Erving Goffman describes how when people do not conform to the beauty myth they acheive that title.
question
Where can socially tolerated forms of deviance be found?
answer
high technology
question
Give an example of a socially tolerated form of deviance on the internet.
answer
Downloading music or movies illegally.
question
What is the main challenge to effective social control?
answer
people often receive competing messages about how to behave.
question
What theorist type believes, "people must respect social norms if any group or society is to survive?"
answer
Functionalist
question
What theorist type believes, "successful functioning of a society will consistently benefit the powerful and work to the disadvantage of other groups?"
answer
Conflict theorists
question
What were Stanley Milgram's two levels of social control?
answer
Conformity and obedience
question
What is the difference between conformity and obedience?
answer
Conformity is informal and obedience is more formal.
question
How do conflict theorists reflect on the Milgram experiment?
answer
Our obedience to comply is related to the value we put on the person giving orders and the one that is receiving the pain or pleasure.
question
How did Gary Schulman reflect on Milgram's experiment?
answer
He recreated the experiment and found that Whites were more likely to shock Blacks than whites.
question
How do interactionists reflect on Milgram's experiment?
answer
They emphasize the effect of incrementally administering additional dosages of volts. The experiment negotiated with the teacher and convinced the teacher to continue inflicting higher levels of punishment.
question
How did Jerry Burger reflect on Milgram's experiment?
answer
He recreated it in 2009 and found the rate of shocking another had only dropped a little bit.
question
How do sociologists see the creation of laws?
answer
They see it as a response to a perceived need for social control.
question
Travis Hiraschi and other control theorists believe what?
answer
They believed that our bonds to family members and others induce us to follow the mores and folkways of our society.
question
How do functionalists see deviance in law and society?
answer
they see it as a common part of human existence, with postive as well as negative consequences for social stability.
question
Functionalist Durkheim's view on punishments was what?
answer
Punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to society.
question
What did Kai Erikson believe in regard to punishments?
answer
The illustrated the boundry maintenance function of deviance.
question
Merton believed that the one important cultural goal in US is what?
answer
success measured by money
question
What are the 4 types of deviant behavior according to Merton?
answer
retreatist, innovator, ritualist, and rebel.
question
What does the retreatist believe?
answer
withdrawn from society (off the grid)
question
What does the innovator believe?
answer
accepts the goals of society but persues them in a way that is regarded as improper.
question
What does the ritualist believe?
answer
They have abandoned the goal of material success and have compulsively committed to the institutional means.
question
What does the rebel believe?
answer
feels alienated and tries to create a new social structure .
question
What was Merton's key contribution to the sociological understanding of deviance?
answer
innovators and ritualists share a great deal with conforming people
question
What did Susan A Phillips discover?
answer
she discovered that the writers learned fro one another.
question
What did Edwin Sutherland believe?
answer
that the same basic socialization process in learning conformity and deviant acts.
question
How did labeling theorists believe in regards to deviancy?
answer
they emphasized hwo a person comes to be labeled as deviant or to accept that label.
question
What does the labeling theory believe about the agents of social control?
answer
Some individuals or groups have the pweor to define labels and apply the to others.
question
Conflict theorists Richard Quinney believed what about crime?
answer
He beleived that criminal justice serves the interest of the powerful. Crime is a definition of conduct created by authorized agents of social cotnrol in a politcally organized way.
question
What did Feminists Adler and Chesney-Lind believe about crime?
answer
They suggested that many of the existing approaches to deviance and crime were developed with only men in mind.
question
Wht did interactionists Shaw and McKaw believe about deviance?
answer
emphasized communal relationships
question
What did interactionist Becker and Chambliss beleive in regard to deviance?
answer
They empahized society response to the acts.
question
What two ways do sociologists categorize crime?
answer
in terms of hwo they are commiteed and how society views the offences
question
What did Sutherland offer in regards to crime?
answer
he ebelived that professional thieves make a business of stealing.
question
What did sociologist Bell contribute to organized crime?
answer
when used the term of ethnic succession.
question
What two terms did Sutherland coin in regards to crime?
answer
white-collar crime and corporate crime
question
What are the 8 types of index crimes?
answer
Murder, Robbery, Burglary, Rape, Assault, Vehicle theft, Arson, Larceny (Mr. Braval)
question
What did sociologist Elliot Currie suggest tah our society places greater emphasis on?
answer
our society places reater empahsis on individual economic achievement.
