question

What are the characteristics of an ideal bureaucracy?

answer

1) Division of Labor 2) Hierarchy of Authority 3) Written Rules and Regulations 4) Impersonality 5) Employment based on technical qualifications

question

Which of the following are examples of social institutions? >1 A) Religion B) Government C) Family D) Fan Club E) Mass Media

answer

A) Religion, B) Government, C) Family and E) Mass Media

question

All social interaction takes place within a social _____, including those interactions that redefine social reality.

answer

structure

question

Symbolic interactionists argue that reality is shaped by our ____, ____, and ____.

answer

perceptions; evaluations; definitions

question

A ____ is a component of a formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency.

answer

bureaucracy

question

What are the four stages of role exit in the order they occur?

answer

1) Doubt 2) Search for alternatives 3) Action or Departure 4) Creation of a new identity

question

In a society with few social roles and little division of labor and where most people can do many of the same things, people experience: A) gemeinschaft. B) mechanical solidarity. C) organic solidarity. D) gesellschaft.

answer

B) mechanical solidarity.

question

What are the five functions that a social institution must fulfill to survive?

answer

1) Replace personnel 2) Teaching new recruits 3) Producing and distributing goods and services 4) Preserving order 5) Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose

question

Groups that play a pivotal role in the socialization process are called:

answer

primary groups.

question

What are the characteristics of the following societal types? A) Hunting-and-Gathering B) Horticultural C) Agrarian D) Industrial E) Postindustrial F) Postmodern

answer

A) Hunting-and-Gathering = relies on whatever foods and fibers are readily available; technology is minimal. B) Horticultural = plants crops and places more emphasis on the production of tools and household objects. C) Agrarian = engages primarily in the production of food, but new technological innovations such as the plow allow an increase in crop yields D) Industrial = depends of the mechanization to produce goods and services; relies on new inventions and new sources of energy E) Postindustrial = relies primarily on the processing and control of information F) Postmodern = depends on consumer goods and media images

question

What is a small group that is characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation called?

answer

Primary group

question

Define the following sociological views: 1) Functionalist view 2) Conflict view 3) Interactionist view

answer

1) Functionalist view = institutions must fulfill a number of specific duties to survive. 2) Conflict view = institutions exist to serve the needs of the groups in power. 3) Interactionist view = institutions affect our everyday functioning, including the roles we play.

question

A person having a difficult time performing all of the duties required by their difficult and demanding job is experiencing role ____.

answer

strain

question

A series of social relationships that link a person directly to others, and indirectly to still more people is known as a social ____. A) coalition B) institution C) network D) group

answer

C) network

question

Statuses, social roles, groups, social networks, virtual worlds and social institutions are the six elements of social ____.

answer

structure

question

Sociologist use the term social ____ to describe the ways in which people respond to one another. A) structure B) communication C) integration D) interaction

answer

D) interaction

question

A status that dominates and dermines a person's general position in society is called a(n) ____ status. A) achieved B) acquired C) master D) ascribed

answer

C) master

question

The health care system, the mass media and the government are all examples of ____ ____.

answer

social institutions.

question

Define the following groups: 1) In-Group 2) Out- Group 3) Reference Group 4) Coalition 5) Social Network

answer

1) In-Group = any group or category to which people feel they belong. 2) Out- Group = any group or category to which people feel they do not belong. 3) Reference Group = any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior. 4) Coalition = a temporary or permanent alliance that is geared toward a common goal. 5) Social Network = a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and, through them, indirectly to still more people.

question

The term _____ refers to the unofficial activities and interactions that are a basic party of daily operations within formal organizations. A) Mechanical Solidarity B) Human Relations Approach C) Iron Law of Oligarchy D) Bureaucracy's Other Face

answer

D) Bureaucracy's Other Face

question

According to the scientific management approach workers are motivated by, treated as and are managed through what ways?

answer

Workers are motivated almost entirely by economic rewards, are treated as a resource (similar to machines), and managers attempt to achieve maximum work efficiency through scientific planning, established performance standards and careful supervision of workers and production. Job satisfaction nor workers' attitudes are studied.

question

Which of the following are downsides of division of labor? >1 A) Makes it difficult to find new hires B) Alienation C) Decreases specialization D) Weakens job security.

answer

B) Alienation and D) Weakens job security.

question

In this type of community there is little agreement about values, and social control relies on more formal means such as laws and policies. A) Mechanical B) Gesellscaft C) Organic D) Gemeinschaft

answer

B) Gesellscaft

question

A group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior is called a(n) _____.

answer

reference group

question

Define the following: 1) Gemeinschaft 2) Gesellschaft

answer

1) Gemeinschaft = rural life in which people have similar backgrounds; limited social change. 2) Gesellschaft = urban life in which people do not have similar backgrounds; social change is evident.

question

Social reality is constructed from: >1 A) a particular group's power within a society. B) social interaction. C) the ability of the subordinate group to define the society's values. D) the ability of the dominant group to define the society's values.

answer

A) a particular group's power within a society. B) social interaction. and D) the ability of the dominant group to define the society's values.

question

Feeling estranged or dissociated from the surrounding society is called ____.

answer

alienation

question

Effie had a solid education, a great attitude, and an eagerness to learn. As a result she was steadily promoted to more responsible positions. After two years Effie was promoted to a director position, but she discovered she did not have the qualifications or skills the position required. Effie was a victim of what principle?

answer

The Peter principle. According to this principle, every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to their level of incompetence. This relects a possible dysfunctional outcome of advancement on the basis of merit.

question

The sociologist Robert Michels argued that the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for directions and such reinforce the process of rule by a few. He referred to this idea as _____ A) The Iron Law of Oligarchy B) Impersonality. C) McDonalization. D) Bureaucratization.

answer

A) The Iron Law of Oligarchy

question

According to the sociologist Herbert Blumer, the distinctive characteristic of social interaction among people is that "human beings interpret or 'define' each other's actions instead of merely reacting to each other's actions." In other words, our response to other people's behavior is based on the ____ we attach to their actions.

answer

meaning

question

Your boss is a staunch follower of the rules, which were written decades ago and no longer apply in an era of modern technology. Your boss suffers from

answer

goal displacement.

question

According to Emile Durkheim, organic solidarity exists when societies become A) Less advanced technologically and less interdependent on each person's expertise. B) More advanced technologically and more interdependent on each person's expertise. C) More urbanized an less interdependent on each person's expertise. D) Less specialized and every person can perform the same task.

answer

B) More advanced technologically and more interdependent on each person's expertise.

question

The process by which the principles of bureaucratization, namely predictability, efficiency, and dependence on non-human technology, are coming to dominate more sectors of U.S. and global society is called ____ A) Fordism B) Goal Displacement C) McDonalization D) Hierarchy of Authority

answer

McDonalization

question

When a bureaucracy establishes a hierarchy of authority, which of the following can occur? >1 A) Employees do not have a voice in decision making. B) Employees know who is in command. C) Employees have a voice in the decision making. D) Mistakes are hidden.

answer

A) Employees do not have a voice in decision making. B) Employees know who is in command. and D) Mistakes are hidden.

question

In a(n) ___ society, statuses and social roles are in a constant state of flux. All members are dependent on each other for survival because the division of labor has become so complex. A) technical B) mechanical C) organized D) organic

answer

D) organic

question

What are the consequences of the following characteristics of a bureaucracy? 1) Division of Labor 2) Hierarchy of Authority 3) Written Rules and Regulations 4) Impersonality 5) Employment based on qualifications.

answer

1) Division of Labor = produces efficiency in a large scale corporation 2) Hierarchy of Authority = clarifies who is in command 3) Written Rules and Regulations = workers know expectations 4) Impersonality = encourages equal treatment of everybody 5) Employment based on qualifications = protect against arbitrary dismissal

question

Organized patterns of beliefs and behavior that are centered on basic social needs, such as replacing personnel or preserving order, are called A) social institutions. B) social norms. C) social coalitions D) social groups.

answer

A) social institutions.

Sociology: A Brief Intro – Chapter 5 – Social Interaction, Groups and Social Structure – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards