Sociology is considered

The scientific study of social behavior and human groups

The awareness that allows people to comprehend the link between their immediate, personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world

The body of knowledge obtained using methods based upon systematic observation

Because sociologists engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding

Sociology
Anthropology
Economics
History
They study various aspects of human society

Chemistry
Biology
Physics
Mostly likely to study a rock formation and composition in the Grand Canyon

No
but natural scientist it is

An attempt to explain problems, actions, or behavior in a comprehensive manner

He related rates suicide rate to the extent to which people were integrated into the group life of society

The French theorists Augusta comte’

Sociologist that translated the works of Aguste Comte into English
Emphasized impact the economy, laws, trade, and population could have on contemporary social problems

Refers to loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior becomes ineffective

The word max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people’s emotions, thought, beliefs, understanding, and attitudes

Is a construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated

Karl Marx argued that the working class must overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies

Developed by DuBois
Describe the experience of being black in White America- division of an individual’s identity into 2 or more social realities

intimate face-face groups in his study of society

A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power
Most effective sociological theories tend to have both explanatory and predictive power

Used to describe a systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem

Reviewing the literature

Define your problem

Create your hypothesis

Measured trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions
Ex. Income, religion, race, gender, and marital status

The variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable

Ex. Researchers found pet owners live longer, healthier lives pet owners would be the independent variable

A factor held constant to test the relative impact of the independent variable

The relationship btwn a condition or a variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to the other

Each member of the entire population being studied have the same chance of being selected

When a sociologists actually joins a group for a period to get an accurate sense of how it operates

The term sociologists use to describe the phenomenon whereby subjects deviate from their typical behavior because they realize they are under observation

Influences both the cost of a research project and the amount of time needed to collect the results of research

A research method that provides consistent results

The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material object, and behavior

Society is a fairly large number of people who live in the same territory

Society of people who live in the same area and a relatively independent of people outside it

General customs and practices that are found in every culture

Tendency to assume ones own culture is superior to all others

Concept that employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study no bias
(max Webber sees as important)

Hypothesis concerning the role of languages in shaping cultures

The systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior

Abstract system of word meaning and symbols from all aspects of culture

Form of governmental social control

Norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises little concern

Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm

Segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differ from the patterns of the larger group

The use of 2 or more languages in particular setting while treating each language as equally legitimate
Ex workplaces
Education facilities

The feeling of surprise that is experienced when people witness cultural practices different from their own

Set of cultural beloveds that help maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests

Period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions

Process whereby people learn the attitude, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture

Relative importance of cultural and biological factors in the socialization process

The distinct identity that sets us apart from others

Development of one’s self identity based on misperceptions may lead to negative self identity

Gestures and words that form the basis of human communication

Term used by George Hebert Mead to refer to a child’s awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole

Charles Horton Cooley’s term for a child aware of attitudes viewpoints and expectation of society as a whole

A person learns to alter ones self in order to create distinct appearance to satisfy particular audiences

Rituals marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another

Socialization continues through all stages of the life cycle

Education, religion, and the government

The ways in which people respond to one another

Refers to the full range of socially defined positions within a large group of society

Refers to the set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status

Series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to more people

Holds that social institutions maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society

A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services

A preindustrial society in which people rely on what ever foods and fibers are readily available in order to live

Special-purpose groups designed and structured in the interests of maximum efficiency

Component of formal organizations that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency

The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems

Groups that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior

A society whose economic system is engaged in the processing and control of information

Vary in size, degree of efficiency, and specificity of goals

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels charged that the capitalist system reduces workers to mere appendages of the machine

Any group or category to which people feel they belong

Friends and family

Refers to print and electronic means of communication that carry messages to widespread audiences

Term used for the flow of content across multiple media and the accompanying migration of media audiences

The role of media is to provide socialization, enforce social norms through public events, and create social stability and cohesion through collective experience

The function of media advertising is to support the economy provide info about products and underwrite media costs

The process by which a relatively small number of people control what eventually reaches the audience

The collective benefit of social networks, which are built on reciprocal trust

Person who influences the options and decisions of others through day to day personal contact

Has changed as new mass media like the internet have been developed

Social characteristics such as occupation, race education, and income

Method used: People, organization and public issues appearing regular of the covers of magazines

Refers to the ways in which society is organized into predictable relationships