question

When asked on surveys (such as the General Social Survey) to which class they belong, most U.S. residents respond that they are either

answer

B. working class or middle class

question

Upper class families in the United States are characterized by which of the following:

answer

They tend to be highly recognized as part of the social and cultural elite of their communities.

question

Studies in the United States suggest that husbands and wives may belong to different classes in ____________ of all two-parent, two-earner families.

answer

one-third

question

Since the 1970s, families whose income lies in the middle of the income distribution (of all U.S. families) have kept up with the cost of living primarily by

answer

. having wives take jobs outside the home.

question

Which of the following is most likely to be married when they give birth

answer

. Women with a college degree

question

Kinship networks of the poor

answer

Select one: A. spread the burden of poverty B. will share whatever they have even if they are poor C. help others to get by day by day D. all of the above ----

question

Based on sociological studies, those kinship ties that engender the strongest feelings of obligation are

answer

C. vertical kinship ties including parents to children to grandchildren

question

Which of the following is not a value emphasized by working class parents?

answer

. creativity

question

All of the following are advantages that middle-class children gain from "the accomplishment of natural growth" except which?

answer

They are more physically fit

question

Working class compared to middle class parents differ in their choice of important childrearing values primarily because of

answer

. different job experiences.

question

A group of people who share a common style of life and often identify with each other is called a/an

answer

status group

question

Chances of divorce have been _______ for college graduates and ________ for people who did not graduate from high school

answer

declining; increasing

question

Income inequality among families has increased because of all but which of the following?

answer

Select one: A. the growing importance of education Incorrect B. the decline in number of children born in each family C. the growth of single-parent families headed by women D. globalization Feedback The correct answer is: the decline in number of children born in each family

question

The concept of status group was refined by the famous sociologist

answer

. Max Weber

question

Of the following, the best example of an assortative marriage would be

answer

Protestant college graduate marrying a Catholic college graduate

question

When Barack Obama was born in Hawaii to an interracial married couple in 1961 at least ________ states had laws forbidding marriages between whites and non-whites.

answer

B. 15 Correct

question

The number of births and deaths among American Indians did not change dramatically between 1970 and 1980. How would you explain the 72 percent rise in their population during this same time period?

answer

. More people began to think of themselves as American Indian and reported themselves to the U.S. Census as that.

question

The number of middle-class African American families in the United States has been increasing, but one critical aspect that distinguishes them from middle-class white families is their

answer

assets such as savings, investments, and homes.

question

Among Hispanics, the racial-ethnic group members who, on average, are the least likely to formally marry are

answer

Puerto Ricans

question

Family households in the United States most likely to marry a spouse of a different race are from the __________ racial-ethnic group.

answer

B. Asian American

question

he decline in marriage among African Americans can be explained by the following phenomenon:

answer

the lack of suitable marriage partners for women due to job losses and incarceration among men.

question

To overcome their economic hardships, Puerto Ricans have used a system of __________, much as African Americans have used a system of __________.

answer

A. consensual unions; female-centered kin networks

question

The _________ category has become an umbrella for an extremely diverse group of people that differ in language, religion, and physical features.

answer

Select one: A. African American B. Hispanic. C. Asian American D. Both B and C Correct Feedback The correct answer is: Both B and C

question

The economically disadvantaged position of American Indian families is most comparable to that of

answer

B. African American families

question

The first wave of Cuban-American immigrants, in contrast to most other major immigrant groups in the United States, arrived in _____.

answer

A. a political migration

question

Statistics from 2006 show that ____ of American Indian births were to mothers who were unmarried.

answer

D. 65%

question

One way mentioned by Cherlin in which Asian culture differs from American culture pertains to

answer

. the responsibility assumed by adult children for their parents

question

When comparing African American and white families it can be said that black families are more likely to

answer

lect one: A. include an extended family member B. have ties to a kin network C. have a grandparent play a strong roles in children's lives D. All of the above

question

he lowest poverty rates among Hispanic families are those of

answer

C. Cuban American Correct

question

In referring to "whiteness as an ethnicity" it can be said that

answer

Select one: A. there is not a heritage of kinship networks B. it is not an inherent characteristic of people C. nearly all whites descended from European immigrants Incorrect D. all of the above---

question

The group most likely to show a link between biology and homosexuality would be

answer

. identical twins

question

A person's sexual orientation is a result of

answer

still undetermined

question

Queer theory

answer

xplains that sexual life is artificially organized into categories that reflect the power of heterosexual norms.

question

Living apart together" (LAT), people who are intimately involved but live in separate households,

answer

was first noticed in Europe in the late 1970s

question

The concept of sexual identity requires _____________ and ________________ that was not prominent until the late nineteenth century.

answer

self consciousness; self-examination

question

he Kinsey Report, a book published in 1948, shocked the nation because

answer

Select one: A. of the high number of men who admitted to have had sexual relations with other men. B. the author's claim that sexuality should be viewed as a continuum running from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual. C. of the high number of men who admitted to sexual feelings toward other men. D. all of the above

question

In several surveys of adult sexual activity, over __% of women and over ___% of men said that they had had no sex partners other than their spouses over the previous 12 months.

answer

. 97; 94

question

Both the Kinsey Report and the recent NSFG study show that sexual orientation appears to be one-dimensional.

answer

False

question

hanges in sexual activity in the United States since the start of the century have served to:

answer

weaken the role of marriage as the core of family life.

question

Social constructionists would argue that sexual identities

answer

vary from culture to culture

question

A significant development in the twentieth century that has changed the relationship between sex-as-reproduction to sex-as-pleasure is

answer

modern methods of contraception. Correct

question

Cohabiting relationships of opposite or same sex couples would not be common without the increasing acceptance of sexual activity outside marriage.

answer

True Correct

question

Today, in general, couples in a marriage are most likely to

answer

. practice sexual monogamy Correct

question

The fact that sexual identities have only recently emerged as a concept suggests that:

answer

they are socially constructed.

question

The two categories of sexual activity prior to the late nineteenth century included the following

answer

D. socially approved and socially disapproved.

question

Recent studies suggest that cohabitation is

answer

Select one: A. an alternative way of being single B. a testing ground for marriage C. an alternative to marriage D. all of the above

question

Compared to women with less education and lower earnings, the specialization model predicts that women with more education and higher earnings are __________ likely to marry while the income-pooling model predicts they are __________ likely to marry.

answer

A. less; more

question

he breadwinner-homemaker model of marriage

answer

flourished in the 1950s, at least for middle class whites

question

Which of the following was not a factor in changing the nature of marriage from companionship to individualization?

answer

. the migration of large numbers of people to rural areas

question

Dating

answer

. was a system of exchanging goods for companionship Correct

question

A marriage in which the emphasis is on self-development, flexible roles, and open communication is called

answer

. individualistic marriage

question

fter the 1900s, the key resource that young people in the United States gained, which changed a centuries-old system of courtship was:

answer

. spending money.

question

Hooking up

answer

Select one: A. became common in the 2000s B. does not always imply sexual intercourse C. does not imply romantic attraction D. all of the above

question

With the emergence of adolescence as a recognized life stage for teenagers, the high school and college years gave young people

answer

. a protected time relatively free of parental involvement.

question

Courtship

answer

publicly visible and has rules and restrictions

question

Living together without marrying would be more common among the poor of a society primarily because

answer

. it matters less who is morally or legally bound to whom.

question

Historically in the United States, and in some developing nations today, __________ has/have played an important part in the selection of a spouse.

answer

parents

question

Burgess, a family sociologist,

answer

. did not foresee the dual-earner marriage overtaking the breadwinner-homemaker marriage

question

The institutional marriage is marked predominately by

answer

strict roles dictating how one is to behave within the family unit.

question

ncreasingly, people in American society enter into marriage because:

answer

. they want to increase their level of personal satisfaction.

question

People who do paid care work

answer

Select one: A. earn less than people who do comparable work B. have jobs that are devalued in the labor market C. often are experiencing "free-riding" from others D. all of the above

question

Face-to-face activity in which one person meets the needs of another who cannot fully care for herself or himself is called

answer

C. care work.

question

ome observers have suggested that balancing work and family has become difficult for Americans because they are

answer

working longer hours.

question

The United States has been a frontrunner among industrialized nations in implementing family-friendly policies for U.S. workers. Select one:

answer

False

question

By the mid-200s, what percentage of wage and salary workers telecommuted on an average day?

answer

. 10

question

One of the most important twentieth-century developments for the family has been

answer

the movement of married women into employment outside the home.

question

he first parental leave act passed by U.S. Congress in 1993 (and still in effect) provided parental leave under the following conditions

answer

12 weeks unpaid leave in firms with more than 50 employees. Correct

question

Which of the following factors is not related to women's increased participation in the labor force?

answer

. expansion of manufacturing jobs

question

Tronto (1993) and others believe that we overvalue individualism and _________ and undervalue interdependence and _________

answer

. autonomy; caring

question

Most childcare assistance currently offered by U.S. business firms benefits

answer

the middle-class.

question

The percentage of Americans who work very long weeks (50 hours or more) is higher than in

answer

A. France B. The United Kingdom C. Germany D. all of the above ---

question

Presser (1999) reports that about 1/3 of all dual-earner married couples arrange for childcare by

answer

C. working different shifts.

question

The proportion of housework done by husbands in the United States went up dramatically as wives enter the labor market.

answer

False

question

n 2004, what percentage of all workers had evening, night, or rotating schedules?

answer

. 18 Correct

question

The most common and widely used employee benefit is

answer

. flextime.

question

The few studies of children growing up in lesbian families compared to heterosexual families show that

answer

there is little significant difference between the two.

question

Recent research on fathering suggests that:

answer

C. father involvement is correlated with positive development in both sons and daughters.

question

Socialization of children is closely correlated with:

answer

cultural norms and values.

question

eople surveyed in 2003 believed what percentage of children lived in poverty:

answer

C. 30%

question

he major source of primary socialization for children in the United States is

answer

D. family.

question

Children in America experience more changes to the compositions of their households than do children in any other Western nation.

answer

True

question

The changing nature of adoption is reflected in the fact that

answer

Select one: A. two-thirds of the children adopted have a disability B. a significant portion of adopted children are foreign born C. sixty percent of foreign-born children were from Asian countries D. all of the above ---

question

In the United States each class socializes its children to:

answer

A. fit the same kinds of job positions they themselves have.

question

Of the three types of parenting styles that Baumrind researched, the __________ parenting style seems to produce children who are more socially competent.

answer

A. authoritative

question

The different manner in which parents treat male and female children can be attributed to ______, which have little to do with true biological differences.

answer

. gender roles Correct

question

In studies of white, middle-class families in Iowa who were under economic pressure, Elder and Conger found that fathers in these families

answer

were irritable and hostile toward their wives and children.

question

Single parents appear to be less capable of adequate parenting.

answer

False

question

About half of the disadvantages of living in a single- parent family are due to

answer

. low income.

question

he best parents (that is, those who are most likely to produce children who are socially competent) perform three tasks well: they set clear standards, they enforce standards consistently without harsh punishment, and they __________.

answer

provide substantial emotional support Correct

question

Families that maintain continual contact with each other even though they live in different countries are called

answer

C. transnational families

question

Public awareness of nursing home care for the elderly has been influenced in recent years by numerous expose-type news articles and documentaries. This focus has had the perhaps unintended result of many U.S. citizens believing that _____ of the elderly live in nursing homes, when in fact, most of the elderly are cared for by _____.

answer

. a majority; members of their families

question

he most common generation linkage of kin in the United States is __________ generations.

answer

B. three

question

Which of the following factors has contributed to grandparenthood becoming a distinct stage of life?

answer

Select one: A. decline in adult mortality B. decrease in fertility C. increased standard of living D. all of the above

question

Skipped-generation households are created because of the following reason/s

answer

Select one: A. child abuse by parent B. incarceration of parent C. drug abuse or illness D. all of the above

question

Today in the United States there are more than ______________ centenarians, people who live to be more than 100 years old.

answer

. 50,000

question

Of the following living arrangements, which is the most likely one for elderly men today in the United States?

answer

C. living with a spouse

question

Which of the following relationships tends to be the most distant in middle and late life in the United States?

answer

D. alone

question

When the author uses the term the "family national guard" he refers to

answer

grandparents Correct

question

Based on current figures, you and your parents' lives, on average, will overlap by about _____ years.

answer

. 50

question

The percentage of grandchildren living with grandparents has

answer

C. increased

question

The primary factor determining the amount and degree of contact among families is

answer

. geographical distance

question

As the twentieth century ended, the most common living arrangement among elderly women in the U.S. became

answer

living alone.

question

ntergenerational ties are becoming more important because of

answer

. the decline of the two-parent nuclear family.

question

Among the elderly, those most likely to be poor are:

answer

Select one: A. older B. female. C. African American or Hispanic. D. all of the above ----

question

Child abuse is least likely to occur in what type of family?

answer

A. families in which both parents are employed

question

"Situational couple violence" is typified by

answer

it arises from a particular incident

question

Female victims of violence in the United States face the highest risk of physical injury

answer

. from someone they know well.

question

"Intimate terrorism" is characterized by

answer

The theory that aggressive behavior occurs when a person is blocked from achieving a goal is called

question

Most reports of rape in surveys of date rape reveal that rape was committed

answer

by someone the victim knew.

question

Which of the following characteristics would describe a young man who has committed sexual aggression against an acquaintance compared to a young man who has not? Select one:

answer

The one who has committed sexual aggression would show more hostility toward women. B. The one who has committed sexual aggression would consider violence against women acceptable. C. The one who has committed sexual aggression would show greater physiological arousal when presented with rape scenarios in psychology experiments. D. all of the above ----

question

Only ___ percent of men have reported experiencing a violent act by an intimate partner, while ____ percent of women have reported experiencing a violent act by an intimate partner. Select one:

answer

A. 5: 22

question

The teacher of a required course on how to handle conflict and anger in a relationship would most likely be using a __________ approach to domestic violence.

answer

cohabiting Correct

question

n an experiment conducted by the Minneapolis Police Force in the early 1980s, _____ resulted in the lowest level of repeat violence.

answer

. arresting the suspect

question

The feminist movement in the United States had as its fundamental goal on the issue of domestic violence

answer

to remove the social supports for male violence in our culture.

question

If a domestic violence advocate were operating under the political model, he/she would be most apt to support which of the following?

answer

A. increasing women's pay to a level equal to men's

question

A 2004 study found that the elderly were most likely to be abused by

answer

. their children.

question

Of the substantiated elder abuse cases in 2004, the most prevalent type was

answer

. caregiver neglect

question

The typical waiting period for a divorce in the United States is _____, which is _____ than most other Western countries.

answer

. one year or less; lower

question

According to research reported by Cherlin, which of the following individual risk factors increases the likelihood of divorce?

answer

elect one: A. premarital cohabitation B. young age at marriage C. being African American D. all of the above

question

Women's employment in the United States has had the effect, overall, of

answer

C. making divorce more likely.

question

ne of the most consistent findings of the research into the effects of divorce is that

answer

fathers after divorce are not as involved with their children as they may have been before.

question

The woman that is least likely to obtain a legal divorce after separation?

answer

. an African American woman

question

Of the following couples, which one is the least likely to divorce in contemporary U.S. society?

answer

B. couples with the same religious background

question

On the basis of what we know of the currently available research reports, children of divorced parents

answer

Select one: A. experience a crisis period after the divorce. B. resume normal development within two years after the divorce. C. a minority of them may experience problems into adulthood D. all of the above

question

Historically, annulments were only granted in the following case(s)

answer

elect one: A. marriage between close relatives. B. adultery. C. if spouses had not engaged in sexual intercourse. D. both a and c Correct Feedback The correct answer is: both a and c

question

The arrangement whereby divorced parents coordinate their activities and cooperate with each other in raising their children is commonly referred to as

answer

Select one: A. joint legal custody B. parallel parenting C. coparenting Correct D. joint upbringing Feedback The correct answer is: coparenting

question

Single father families now represent ____% of single parent families

answer

C. 15

question

Which of the following was NOT grounds for divorce during the era of divorce tolerance?

answer

D. irreconcilable differences Correct

question

In the era of restricted divorce, men were more likely to be granted a divorce based on adultery than women. This was due primarily to the fact that

answer

The correct answer is: in an agricultural-based economy, men needed to control labor (children) by controlling sexual access to their wives.

question

hich of the following was NOT grounds for divorce in the American colonies?

answer

D. financial difficulties Correct

question

In the era of restricted divorce, countries with that were predominantly __________ were more liberal about divorce.

answer

elect one: A. Catholic B. Protestant Correct C. Anglican D. Muslim Feedback The correct answer is: Protestant

question

All of the following were official reasons for divorce in the era of divorce tolerance, except Select one:

answer

A. mental cruelty B. habitual drunkeness C. emotional dissatisfaction Correct D. nonsupport Feedback The correct answer is: emotional dissatisfaction

question

Which of the following racial-ethnic group members are most likely, on average, to remarry after a divorce?

answer

Select one: A. African Americans B. Native Americans C. Hispanics D. non-Hispanic whites Correct Feedback The correct answer is: non-Hispanic whites

question

Cherlin describes life in stepfamilies as a(n) ______ social institution.

answer

Select one: A. nonexistent B. ignored C. incomplete Correct D. complete Feedback The correct answer is: incomplete

question

In all discussions of stepfamilies and step-relatives it is obvious, on the basis of current research findings, that the primary ingredient in making a stepfamily "work" in ways similar to the common conjugal unit is that someone

answer

Select one: A. adopts the children from a first marriage. B. does the work of kinship. Correct C. attends counseling. D. helps support the new family. Feedback The correct answer is: does the work of kinship.

question

he stepparent who is in a stable stepfamily is likely to

answer

elect one: A. show warmth toward and support of the stepchildren B. not discipline the stepchildren C. support the biological parent's parenting style D. all of the above

question

Therapists suggest that the transitional period in forming new family systems for many stepfamilies is approximately

answer

2-4 years

question

Stepmothers who do not live with their stepchildren

answer

B. see themselves as friends of the stepchildren

question

Among racial-ethnic groups, those who are least likely to remarry in the United States are

answer

. African American.

question

One of the critical factors determining whether a child considers a stepparent a "real" parent is

answer

the age of the child when the stepparent joined the household.

question

or children living in stepfamily households, the effect best established in research literature is

answer

A. they leave their households at an earlier age than children in other types of families.

question

Of the types of kinship ties, which is more likely to change over the course of a person's lifetime?

answer

B. created kinship ties

question

he original Old English prefix "step" as in stepmother signified a relationship caused by

answer

D. death

question

Remarriage rates tend to be lower for:

answer

the poor than the non-poor.

question

The likelihood that remarriages that include stepchildren will end in divorce is ______ in comparison to those that do not.

answer

D. higher

question

The introduction of a stepparent into a household containing a young teenager is increasingly difficult due to the effects of ______.

answer

. adolescence

question

With the increasing numbers of remarriages and subsequent stepfamilies, the practices of the court system in the United States have been

answer

evolving slowly toward recognizing some rights and responsibilities of stepparents.

question

Most government involvement in family support is based on a concern about

answer

D. dependents, especially children and the elderly. Correct

question

Until the depression in the United States, the government felt that it __________ (in) family affairs.

answer

A. should not intervene

question

AFDC was initiated in the _____ and was originally intended to help _____.

answer

1930s; widowed women with children.

question

The Social Security Act of 1935 followed the division of labor implicit in the family wage system and provided pensions primarily to

answer

. working males.

question

he program of financial assistance to low-income single-parent families that has become commonly known as "welfare" has been modified from

answer

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) to Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF).

question

Between 1996 and 2008, the number of families receiving TANF declined by more than

answer

C. 50%

question

the United States, two kinds of conflicts that underlie much of the controversy and discussion of major public issues concerning the family include

answer

The correct answer is: parents working outside the home and childhood poverty.

question

Since the mid-20th century, all but the following reason have made it possible for women to live full lives outside of marriage

answer

he correct answer is: a cultural shift away from the nuclear family

question

Those considered to be the most undeserving poor in our country are

answer

. unemployed, able-bodied men.

question

____ American families, including middle class families, receive ________ government assistance:

answer

C. Most; substantial Correct

question

The family wage system remained the dominant culture view of the family in the first half of the twentieth century.

answer

True

question

The Earned Income Tax Credit is only for families in which both parents are working.

answer

False

question

Most middle-class families in the United States receive substantial government assistance.

answer

True

question

The modern welfare state, as represented by the United States, has treated husbands and fathers differently from wives and mothers.

answer

True Correct

question

Liberals tend to help married couples in which the wife works outside the home.

answer

True

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