Socio Module One Questions – Flashcards
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T-F: People's movement out of a territory is called immigration.
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False
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T-F: In many low income nations, parents value sons more than daughters, which explains why the age sex ration in these nations may be higher than 100.
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True
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T-F: At the present rate of loss, almost all of the rain forests will be gone by the end of this century.
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True
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What might a sociologist say about people's selection of marriage partners?
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Typically, a person marries someone of similar social position.
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According to Emile Durkheim, categories of people with a higher suicide rate typically have..
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lower social integration
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In the United States today, the suicide rate is higher for which of the following?
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white males
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Wright Mills claimed that the "sociological imagination" transformed..
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personal problems into public issues
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The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work taught to promote solidarity and stability is the...
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structural functional approach
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The social conflict approach draws attention to..
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patterns of sisal inequality
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Which theoretical approach claims that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as what meaning they attach to their behavior?
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symbolic interaction approach
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If you have been criticized for "androcentricity" in your research, you are being criticized for..
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doing the research from a male perspective
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What is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that together make up the way of life for a group of people?
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culture
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Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that..
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relies on culture to ensure survival
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Cultural transmission refers to the process of..
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passing cultural patterns from one generation to another
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_____ are rules about everyday, casual living; _____ are rules with great moral significance.
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Folkways;Mores
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Elements of social control in everyday life include shame, guilt, and...
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sanctions
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Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population are referred to as...
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popular culture
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Hip-Hop music and the DJ scene first emerged..
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in the South Bronx during the 1970s
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Multiculturalism is defined as..
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a perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equality of all cultural traditions.
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Cultural change is set in motion in three general ways. What are they?
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invention, discovery, and diffusion
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Ethnocentrism refers to..
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judging another culture using the standards of your own culture
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What concepts refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?
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socialization
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What concept refers to a person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling?
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personality
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Applying Freud's thinking to a sociological analysis of personality development, you would conclude that..
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humans have basic, self centered drives that must be controlled by learning the ways of society
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Jean Piaget's focus was on..
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cognition, or how people think and understand
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The focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's research was..
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moral reasoning
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Carol Gilligan's work on the issue of self- esteem in girls showed that..
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girls begin with high levels of self esteem, which gradually decreases as they go through adolescence
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George Herbert Mead considered the self to be..
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the part of an individual's personality that is composed of self- awareness and self-image
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When Cooley used the concept of the "looking glass self", he claimed that..
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people see themselves as they think others see them
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The special importance of the peer group is the fact that it..
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lets children escape the direct supervision of parents
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According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is to..
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radically alter a person's personality or behavior
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Hoffman's idea of the resocialization process includes..
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breaking downs and old identity, then building up a new identity
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Carol Gilligan extended Kohlberg's research, showing that..
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girls and boys typically assess situations as right and wrong using different standards
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In the nature versus future debate, sociologists claim that..
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nurture is far more important than nature
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in 2013 the world is home to about how many people?
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7 billion
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Which of the following concepts refers to the maximum possible childbearing for women?
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fecundity
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Which of the following concepts refers to the number of live births in a given year for every thousand people in a population?
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crude birth rate
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One region of the world has both the highest birth rate and the highest infant mortality rate. Which is it?
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Africa
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Which of the following four statements about migration is NOT true?
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Migration has little or no effect on population size
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Looking at countries around the world, what is the relationship between average income level and rate of population increase?
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The lower the average income, the greater the population increase.
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The demographic measure called the "sex ratio" refers to...
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the number of males for every 100 female in the population
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If a nation has a sex ration of 108, as India does, it is very likely that parents there..
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value sons more than daughters
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Throughout most of human history, families had many children because..
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a. children were a source of needed labor. b. birth control was not reliable. c. high death rates meant that many children did not reach adulthood. d. All of these responses are correct. D.
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Currently, about how much of the global population increase is taking place in low-income nations?
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98 percent
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Why is the gradual loss of the world's rainforests an important environmental concern?
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Rainforests are vital to maintaining the planet's biodiversity and climate.
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Which of the following is evidence of the shortage of fresh water now found around the world?
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a. China's supply of ground water is declining rapidly. b. Water supply in the Middle East is at a critical level. c. Mexico City has pumped so much water from the ground that the city continues to sink about two inches per year. d. All of these responses are correct. D.
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