question

Silt

answer

Fertile Soil from floods

question

Black Land

answer

The call the river valley the Black Land because soil is fertile and black

question

Red Land

answer

The desert all around is called the Red Land

question

Delta

answer

The end of the river where it branches out and despenses in an ocean or sea.

question

Great Green

answer

The North and East lies the sea to- the Egyptians call it the Great Green. What egyptains call the Meditteranean Sea.

question

Papyrus

answer

A long, thin reed that grew wild along the river banks paper-like writing material. used for making paper, baskets, sandals, boats

question

Cataract

answer

A part of the Nile River where the water is forced through a narrow channel.

question

Red Crown

answer

A crown that was worn by the king of Lower Egypt- a short boxy red crown with a tall spike at the back and a curlicue at the front

question

White Crown

answer

A crown that was worn by the king of Upper Egypt- a tall, white, pear shaped crown

question

Double Crown

answer

A crown that stood for the union of two lands

question

Embalming

answer

The process of treating the body to protect it from decaying-took 70 days and preserved the body by using natron salt

question

Mummy

answer

a body after the embalming

question

Canopic Jars

answer

The jars which held the internal organs

question

Afterlife

answer

The life which the Egyptians believed existed after death.

question

Old Kingdom

answer

tbd

question

Middle Kingdom

answer

tbd

question

New Kingdom

answer

tbd

question

Deity

answer

Another word for a god.

question

Isis

answer

the wife of Osiris

question

Osiris

answer

God of the dead

question

Horus

answer

God of the "red land" son of Isis and Osiris killed his uncle set-lost his left eye in battle with set

question

Ra (Re)

answer

The Egyptian god of the sun.

question

Hapi

answer

The Egyptian god of the Nile.

question

Cartouche

answer

the name of a pharaoh that will have a closed circle around it

question

Ba

answer

the bird soul that traveled to the family

question

Ka

answer

the twin of the person who traveled to the Field of Reeds

question

Khufu (Cheops)

answer

The ruler of egypt that the great pyramid at Giza was built for

question

Zoser (Djoser)

answer

The Pharaoh the first pyramid (The Step Pyramid) was built for by Imhotep

question

Tut

answer

The boy king whose tomb was more famous than he was because it was fully intact when found.

question

Imhotep

answer

The architect who created the step pyramid.

question

Ptomely V

answer

The Pharaoh written on the Rosetta Stone

question

Hatshepsut

answer

One of the only female pharaoh's in the New Kingdom. She was often addressed as king and seen in public with a tuft on her chin. She concentrated on improving the life of Egyptians instead of conquering other countries.

question

Tuthmosis 3

answer

A pharaoh that ruled right after Hatshepsut and hated her.

question

Ammit the Devourer

answer

The god who would eat you if your heart weighed more than the feather of truth or Ma'at.

question

Dynasty

answer

a series of rulers from the same family

question

Ibu

answer

A special shelter where the body is washed and purified

question

Book of the Dead

answer

tbd

question

rosetta stone

answer

A huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek, and a later form of Egyptian that allowed historians to understand Egyptian writing.

question

social hierarchy pyramid

answer

how society is divided into different classes of people; the people at the top of pyramid have more power than the people at the bottom of the pyramid

question

hieroglyphics

answer

An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

question

pyramids

answer

A massive structure with a square base and four triangular sides that meet at a point. In the Old Kingdom, were used as tombs for the pharaohs.

question

King Tut

answer

A young king whose tomb was filled with jewelry, robes, burial masks, and ivory statues. These findings have helped people learn about Egypt's past, Known as the boy king because he ruled for 9 years and died before his 20th birthday

question

Sphinx

answer

A monster with the face of a woman, the body of a lion, and the wings of a bird. She posed a riddle to the citizens of Thebes and devoured the young men who could not answer it. The riddle usually given is, "What walks on four legs in the morning, on two at midday, and on three in the evening?" In Egypt it is usually seen as a huge statue with the body of a lion and a head of a man, representing the sun god Ra.

question

King Menes

answer

Egyptian Pharaoh who united Lower Egypt (north of the Nile delta) with Upper Egypt (from Nile to first cataract as Aswan): 3100 BCE. He also established the first of many dynasties which ruled for nearly 3000 years.

question

dynasty

answer

A sequence of powerful leaders in the same family.

question

embalming

answer

process developed by the ancient Egyptians of preserving a person's body after death

question

mummy

answer

A body preserved by chemical processes or special natural circumstances, often in the belief that the deceased will need it again in the afterlife. In ancient Egypt the bodies of people who could afford mummification underwent a complex process of removing organs, filling body cavities, dehydrating the corpse with natron, and then wrapping the body with linen bandages and enclosing it in a wooden sarcophagus.

question

canopic jars

answer

Jars in which the ancient Egyptians preserved the internal organs of a deceased person usually for burial with the mummy.

question

sarcophagus

answer

a stone coffin (usually bearing sculpture or inscriptions)

question

delta

answer

A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake

question

Upper Egypt

answer

Ancient kingdom of southern Egypt; in the mountains and it is the source of the Nile;, fertile strip with an average width of around 6 miles

question

Lower Egypt

answer

The northern region of ancient Egypt, named so because it was located downriver with the Nile's flow.

question

wheat and barley

answer

Two most important crops grown in ancient Egypt.

question

Nile River

answer

The world's longest river, which flows northward through East Africa into the Mediterranean Sea, "Egypt has often been called the 'Gift of the Nile' because outside the valley of that great river the country is a desert. An immense, flowing ribbon of water, the Nile spans the length of the country from south to north, branching finally into an extraordinary delta as it approaches the Mediterranean. The river provides natural irrigation along its banks and invites further man-made irrigation to extend its waters to the east and west" (Spodak 65). The Nile river is a river surrounded by a fertile valley fed by the rivers silt. The valley provided a place for one of the first civilizations to be developed, with its heart at the Nile delta. Agriculture was developed along this river due to the extremely fertile conditions and lack of food in the barren deserts outside of the valley, which led to the creation of cities. Today, there are few populated areas in Egypt outside of the Nile Valley.

question

cataracts

answer

Cataracts- areas where the water was too swift and rocky to allow boats to pass, which protected Egypt from invasion along the Nile River

question

nobility

answer

A small social class of elite people and families who perform political, military, and administrative duties for a ruler or king. This class had immense power and social influence over the other classes.

question

pharaoh

answer

A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader.

question

Old Kingdom

answer

(2575 BCE - 2134 BCE) Period in ancient Egyptian history characterized by the building of the Great Pyramids at Giza.

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Khufu

answer

(ruled 2500s BC) Egyptian pharaoh, he ruled during Egypt's Old Kingdom and is known for the many monuments built to honor him.

question

afterlife

answer

After death the heart is weighed to the feather of truth and if it balances out then they go to afterlife. If it is heavier (with guilt) it is summoned to nothing!

question

elite

answer

People of wealth and power

question

engineering

answer

Application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures and machines.

question

Middle Kingdom

answer

2050 BC. - 1800 BC.: A new dynasty reunited Egypt. Moved the capital to Thebes. Built irrigation projects and canal between NIle and Red Sea so Egytian ships could trade along coasts of Arabian Penninsula and East Africa. Expanded Egyptian territory:Nubia, Syria.

question

New Kingdom

answer

(1550 BCE - 1100 BCE) Period in ancient Egyptian history characterized by strong pharaohs who conquered an empire that stretched from Nubia in the south, to the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia.

question

trade routes

answer

Waterways, paths, and trails that traders used to move goods for exchange from one place to another.

question

Queen Hatshepsut

answer

ruler who increased egyptian trade. she sent traders to the kingdom of punt and traded with people in asia minor and greece.

question

Ramses the Great

answer

Egyptian Pharaoh he expanded the kingdom and built lasting temples at Karnak, Luxor, and Abu Simbel. He is often considered one of Egypt's greatest rulers.

question

papyrus

answer

A reed that grows along the banks of the Nile River in Egypt. From it was produced a coarse, paperlike writing medium used by the Egyptians and many other peoples in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East.

question

obelisk

answer

A 4 sided stone structure with a pyramid on the top and hieroglyphics on the sides

question

silt

answer

mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks

question

delta

answer

fertile flat land made of silt left behind as a river drains into a larger body of water.

question

irrigation

answer

watering of land by means of canals and pipes

question

about how long is the Nile?

answer

over 4,000 miles long

question

What are some of the foods farmers planted?

answer

wheat, barley, cucumbers, lettuce, onions, and beans. Also a plant called flax, to make cloth

question

unification

answer

joining of separate parts into one

question

economy

answer

the way its people manage money and recources for the production of goods and services

question

scribe

answer

made records, contracts, and kept tract of daily life big or small

question

papyrus

answer

a reed plant that makes paper

question

Menes

answer

king of upper egypt, took over lower egypt in 3100B.C

question

Khufu

answer

egyptian pharaoh who built the great pyrmids

question

Memphis

answer

capital city located in between upper and lower egypt. near present day Cairo

question

Thebes

answer

an anent city in upper egypt that became the capital of the new kingdom

question

empire

answer

group of lands and people by one government

question

expedition

answer

group of people who go on a trip for a set reason

question

Ahmose

answer

new kingdom pharoah who drove Hyksos out of egypt and reunited egypt

question

Hatshepsut

answer

one of the few egyptian pharaohs; organized a trade expedition to Punt

question

Tutankhamun

answer

Egyptian pharaoh who ruled from about the ages of 7-17;tomb remained nearly untouched until its discovery in 1922

question

Nubia

answer

An ancient kingdom south of egypt

question

Kush

answer

An ancient kingdom in northeastern Africa conquered by Egypt. It later regained independence and flourished through trade between 500b.c and 150a.d

question

Valley of the Kings

answer

west of Thebes in ancient egypt, the burial place of 30 new kingdom pharaohs

question

how did egypt become an empire?

answer

when it conquered Nubia, Syria, and Lebanon

question

social pyramid

answer

A diagram illustrating the divisions between a culture; usually showing the most powerful person or group at the top and the least powerful at the bottom

question

what is the order of the social pyramid?

answer

Pharaoh, Gov. Officials, Soldiers, Scribes, Merchants, Artisans, Farmers, Slaves

question

What are the flood months?

answer

July-October

question

shadouf

answer

a bucket lifter

question

how long did the old kingdom last?

answer

2,686B.C-2,181B.C

question

rosseta stone

answer

the key to hieroglyphics. Three languages: hieroglyphics, late Egyptian demotic, and Greek

question

Who found the rosetta stone?

answer

in 1799 a french soldier was digging in the Nile delta and found the rosetta stone

question

How long did the Middle Kingdom last?

answer

2100 to 700B.C

question

Ancient Egypt began with farming communities along the Nile River.

answer

...

question

Menes united all the Egyptian cities in 3100 BC

answer

...

question

Egypt grew as rulers such as Hatshepsut led trading expeditions to other regions

answer

...

question

Goods produced in Thebes were traded across the Egyptian empire

answer

...

question

Great stone monuments such as the pyramids were built for Egypt's powerful rulers

answer

...

question

The ebb and flow of the Nile River made agricultural development possible, which in turn made the development of Egyptian civilization possible

answer

S1 main idea

question

Describe how floods enriched and fertilized Egypt's land

answer

Mineral-rich silt deposits and irrigration technology made farming in ancient Egypt very productive

question

Explain how Egyptians interacted with the Nile to develop a rich agriculture

answer

Famers' understanding of the yearly Nile floods made community life in Egypt possible

question

The Nile is the world's longest river; it is more than 4000 miles long

answer

People used boats to get from place to place along the Nile

question

Land of Pharoahs (3100BC - 2000BC): Egyptian civilization grew out of the unification of the Nile communities and the Pharoahs central role

answer

S2 main idea

question

Explain how Egypt was united

answer

Menes united the kingdoms of upper and lower Egypt to form the largest government in the world at the time

question

Describe the pharaoh's central role in Egyptian development and life

answer

The pharaoh was central to Egypt's government, economy and religtion

question

Describe hieroglyphics, the Egyptian system of writing

answer

The writing system of Egypt, called hieroglyphics, provided a way for government workers to communicate over long distances

question

Analyze the Egyptian economy

answer

Ordinary people worked to build huge government building projects like the Great Pyramid. This strained both Egypt's economy and people.

question

Ancient Egyptian Civilization (2100 BC to 1300 BC): During the MIddle and New Kingdoms, Egyptian civilization flourished as it met other cultures

answer

S3 main idea

question

Analyze how Egypt's cultural horizons were broadened by both trade and war

answer

Trade and war helped to link Egypt with its neighbors in the Sahara, Nubia, western Asia, and the Mediterranean; Egypt became an empire when it conquered Nubia, Syria, and Lebanon. These new lands gave Egypt a wealth of new resources upon which to draw.

question

Describe how the pharaoh Hatshepsut expanded Egypt's trade

answer

Pharaoh Hatshepsut expanded trade to a region of Eastern Africa called Punt.

question

Identify major achievements of the Middle and New Kingdoms

answer

The Egyptians knowledge of medicine, math, and science became famous among their neighbors. Hyksos skills in metalworking became part of life in Egypt.

question

What was the significance of King Tut's tomb?

answer

The discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb in 1922 yielded hundreds of New Kingdom artifacts

question

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt (1550BC-1100BC): Egyptian civilization rested on the labor of stable, well-trained working groups who kept the economy productive.

answer

S4 main idea

question

Analyze the makeup of the social pyramid that was ancient Egypt.

answer

While Egypt became a mighty empire, ordinary people continued to work in much the same ways as they had for thousands of years.

question

Explain the role of slavery there.

answer

Enslaved Syrians and Nubians became key workers in Egypt's empire. They worked alongside farmers and craftworkers to produce needed crops and goods.

question

Describe the work and home life of ordinary ancient Egyptians.

answer

Most farmers worked on large farms owned by powerful families; Most people in Egypt's towns and cities lived in crowded neighborhoods and crafted goods for a living.

question

Around 1100BC united Egypt collapsed. The fall of the New Kingdom ended one of the richest civilizations in history.

answer

...

question

Lower Egypt

answer

Area of Egypt closer to the delta, lower elevation, left side

question

Upper Egypt

answer

Lay farther south, away from the Mediterranean Sea.

question

Divisions of Ancient Egypt

answer

Pre-dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom & New Kingdom

question

Narmer

answer

King of Upper Egypt about 3000 BC. Conquered lower Egypt and set up first government that ruled all Egypt. Built captial at Memphis. First Egyptian dynasty.

question

Palette of Narmer

answer

Hierakonpolis, Predynastic, slate. ca. 3000-2920BCE. commemorates the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Narmer, the largest figure, effortlessly defeats a foe on one side, and on the other surveys the beheaded enemy. Palette in the shape of an object used to prepare eye makeup, to protect from the glare of the sun.

question

Pictogram

answer

drawing used to represent a word

question

Phonogram

answer

any written symbol standing for a sound or syllable or morpheme or word

question

Hieroglyphics

answer

an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

question

Hathor

answer

in Egyptian religion - the cow or the lovely lady- She represents dancing, music, joy, and love. She was shown as a cow to represent motherly love.

question

Horus or Ra

answer

Egyptian falcon-headed solar god. He was the son of Isis and Osiris, shown with the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. The pharaohs were thought to represent Horus on earth.

question

Osiris

answer

Egyptian god of the underworld and judge of the dead

question

Ankh

answer

the Egyptian symbol of life; a cross with a loop at the top

question

Canon of Proportions

answer

The ratio between a figure's height and all of its component parts. The Egyptian canon was an 18 unit grid based on the width of the fist.

question

Mastaba

answer

an ancient Egyptian mudbrick tomb with a rectangular base and sloping sides and flat roof

question

Stepped Pyramid of Djoser

answer

[Old Kingdom, Saqqara] (2630-2611) Built by Imhotep first known artist in history. Consists of six unequal solid mastabas one on top of the other with burial chamber below ground.

question

Serdab

answer

A small concealed chamber in Egyptian mastaba for the statue of the deceased for the Ka to find

question

Column

answer

(architeture) a tall cylindrical vertical upright pillar with three sections; a base, a pillar and top called a capital and used to support weight, usually a roof.

question

Great Pyramids of Gizeh

answer

Fourth Dynasty, c. 2575-2450 BCE, Granite and limestone funerary complex.

question

Ka Statue of Khafre

answer

Gizeh, Egypt. 4th dynasty, ca. 2500 BCE, diorite. Depicts Khafre as an enthroned divine ruler with a perfect body. Rigidity of the pose creates the effect of an eternal stillness, appropriate for the timeless afterlife., 2700-2544 BCE- Old Kingdom-Egyptian

question

Ka

answer

an Egyptian concept referring to one's life force

question

Great Sphinx

answer

The Great Sphinx of Gizeh (Arabic: "The Father of Fear") is a half-human, half-lion Sphinx statue in Egypt, on the Giza Plateau at the west bank of the Nile River, near modern-day Cairo.

question

Menkaure and His Wife

answer

Gizeh, Egypt. 4th dynasty. ca. 2490-2470 BCE. Frozen gestures indicate marriage, and the wife's holding onto Menkaure indicates submission, with Menkaure's left foot forward indicating dominance and action.

question

Seated Scribe

answer

Saqqara, 5th dynasty, ca. 2450-2350 BCE. painted limestone. The color adds a lifelike quality, and the sculptor conveyed the personality of a sharply intelligent and alert individual seldom achieved at this early date.

question

Rock Cut Tombs, Beni Hasan

answer

[Middle Kingdom] (1950-1900 BCE) • Cliff walls hollowed out to reveal small burial chambers • Reserve columns cut away from the interior chamber to create the look of conventional columns • Columns are not round but fluted • Façade shows shallow columned porch

question

Senwosret III

answer

Dynamic king & successful general from the 12th dynasty. Portrait fragment seems to reflect something of his personality and inner thoughts.

question

Egyptian Faience

answer

Egyptians made vessels using faience (sand w/clay naturally existing in it). This sand mixture could be fired—capillary action brings color (from glassy glazing mixture) to surface. Can be molded precisely but can't be turned on wheel because the faience doesn't have enough plasticity. Blue is most clear when the amount of clay is limited

question

Hippopotamus from tomb of Senbi

answer

Meir, Twelfth Dynasty, c. 1938-1755 BCE, Faience

question

Hypostyle Hall

answer

a hall with a roof supported by columns

question

Pylon

answer

The wide entrance gateway of an Egyptian temple, characterized by its sloping walls.

question

Karnak

answer

Great temple of Amen at Thebes, the largest complex of religious buildings in the World

question

Luxor

answer

temple complex in upper Egypt in Thebes where kings were buried or celebrated. lots of temples and ceremonial things. Located next to valley of the kings.

question

Amun

answer

god of air and wind, fertility god, creator of all things, a bearded man or ram headed, believed to be the physical father of all pharoahs

question

Mut

answer

Mother Goddess, Mother of Pharaohs, wife of Amun

question

Pylon of Ramesses II

answer

New Kingdom. From the Temple of Amun, Mut and Khonsu, Luxor, 19th Dynasty. 1279-1212 BCE

question

Hatshepsut

answer

New Kingdom Queen of Egypt (1473-1458 B.C.E.). Dispatched a naval expedition down the Red Sea to Punt (possibly Somalia), the faraway source of myrrh. There is evidence of opposition to a woman as ruler, and after her death her name was frequently expunged. (p.66)

question

Funerary temple of Hatshepsut

answer

Deir el-Bahri, 18th dynasty, New Kingdom

question

Senenmut

answer

Egyptian architect of Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut., Hatshepsut's steward, advisor and possible lover. Tutor of Hatshepsut's daugther, Nefrua.

question

Amarna Period

answer

New Kingdom. Capital was in Amarna and Akhenaton was king - changed worship to single god - Aten. Artistic style was realistic and showed sloping fore-heads and pot-bellies

question

Akhenaton

answer

Formerly named Amenhotep, he was a pharaoh who changed Egyptian religion to revolve around the sun god, and moved the capital.

question

Ramesses II

answer

A long-lived ruler of New Kingdom Egypt (r. 1290-1224 B.C.E.). He reached an accommodation with the Hittites of Anatolia after a military standoff. He built on a grand scale throughout Egypt.

question

Abu Simbel

answer

Temple built by Ramses the Great that was carved out of sandstone cliffs and at its entrance, four 66-foot-tall statues show Ramses as pharaoh.

question

Nefertari

answer

One of Great Pharaoh Ramesses II's queens, most favored wife, during the Nineteenth Dynasty.

question

Nefertiti

answer

New Kingdom queen of Egypt and wife of Akhenaton (14th century BC)

question

Akhenaton, Nefertiti and their children

answer

New kingdom. Limestone. 1350 BCE.

question

Aten

answer

Represented as the sons disc with rays, Aten was the Lord of the Heaven and Earth. He became the most important god during the reign of Akhenaten.

question

Tutankhamun

answer

Egyptian pharaoh who ruled from age 7 to 17; his tomb was discovered (nearly untouched) in 1922

question

Death Mask of Tutankhamun

answer

-made from gold inlaid with turquoise, camelian, and lapis lazuli -came with scarab from King Tut's tomb -New Kingdom, Egyptian

question

Rosetta Stone

answer

Stone that contained carved messages in hieroglyphics, Greek and demotic. Led to deciphering of hieroglyphics.

question

Memphis

answer

What is at A?

question

Thebes (Luxor)

answer

What is at B?

question

Karnak

answer

What is at C?

question

Abydos

answer

What is at D?

question

Temple of Ramessess II

answer

What is at E?

question

Valley of the Kings

answer

What is at F?

question

Valley of the Queens

answer

What is at G?

question

Aswan

answer

What is at H?

question

Red Sea

answer

What is at K?

question

Lower Egypt

answer

What is at L?

question

Upper Egypt

answer

What is at M?

question

Mediterranean Sea

answer

What is at R?

question

Cataracts

answer

What is at 1,2,3&4?

question

El-Amarna

answer

What is at N?

question

Shallow lengths (or white water rapids) of the Nile River

answer

What are Cataracts?

question

What is the afterlife to an ancient Egyptian?

answer

Paradise! Their main purpose in life was to prepare themselves for the journey to paradise after their death.

question

What happened when an Egyptian died?

answer

Body splits in two. Physical body is mummified and prepared for resting place (tomb/pyramid) Spiritual body (Ka) travels through the underworld towards the afterlife - paradise

question

How long did the process of preparing a dead Egyptian take?

answer

70 days

question

How did the Egyptians mummify their dead?

answer

Empty body Clean body Dry body in Natron Clean body again Wrap in linen bandages Put in coffin Put coffin in tomb

question

What's the Book of the Dead?

answer

Magic spell book to guide Ka (the spiritual body) to paradise

question

What is final test to get Ka to paradise?

answer

'Weighing of the Heart'

question

What is the Weighing of the Heart?

answer

Spiritual heart weighed against Feather of Truth. If lighter - Ka goes to paradise If heavier, Ammit the Devourer - eats the heart, Ka never gets to paradise.

question

What is the Spiritual body called?

answer

Ka

question

Where was the Weighing of the heart done?

answer

'Hall of Two Truths'

question

What was Ammit the Devourer?

answer

Part lion, part crocodile and part hippo.

question

What was another name for Ammit the Devourer?

answer

The Gobbler

question

What were the jars called that internal organs were placed in?

answer

Canopic jars

question

What did the Canopic jars represent?

answer

The sons of Horus

question

Which Canopic jar guarded the lungs?

answer

baboon head (Hapy)

question

Which Canopic jar guarded the intestines?

answer

falcon head (Qebehsenuef)

question

Which Canopic jar guarded the stomach?

answer

jackal head (Duamutef)

question

Which Canopic jar guarded the liver?

answer

human head (Imsety)

question

Where did embalming take place?

answer

In the special embalming shop

question

What did the chief embalmer wear?

answer

A jackal mask to represent Anubis

question

What was the first task in embalming

answer

Remove the soft, moist body parts that would cause decay. Stomach, intestines, liver and lung were removed. Preserved by drying them using natron.

question

What is natron

answer

Chemically similar to table salt. Used to dry the body parts.

question

What did Egyptians believe would happen to the body parts?

answer

They would be magically reunited in the afterlife and the body would become whole again.

question

Where were canopic jars normally placed?

answer

In a chest that was later placed in the tomb with the mummy.

question

What was another organ removed from the body (although it didn't get a jar)

answer

the brain (took it out through the nose with a brain hook)

question

What did the Egyptians think of the brain

answer

Not much - did not realise it's importance - thought it produced snot

question

What happened once all the organs were removed from the body?

answer

Body was washed with wine and rubbed with spices (helped kill bacteria)

question

What happened after body had been washed with wine and rubbed with spices?

answer

Was covered with natron for 40 days.

question

After the body had dried in Natron for 40 days what did they do?

answer

Body cleaned again and rubbed with sacred oils to soften skin.

question

After body had been cleaned again and rubbed with sacred oils what did they do?

answer

Adorned with jewellery, covered in shroud and wrapped with linen strips.

question

what was inserted between the layers of the linen?

answer

small magic amulets to protect the mummy so his Ka could live forever.

question

After the body was wrapped what happened?

answer

It was placed in a sarcophagus made of gold and then a larger one carved from granite. Then placed in tomb/pyramid.

question

What was the last ritual?

answer

The opening of the mouth to enable the Pharaoh to eat and talk in the next life.

question

Egypt

answer

A country located in the continent of Africa.

question

Nile River

answer

The world's longest river, which flows northward through East Africa into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile played an important role in shaping the lives and society of Ancient Egypt. It provided the Ancient Egyptians with food, transportation, water, building materials, and more.

question

Ancient Egyptians

answer

A group of people who lived along the Nile River and the Nile River Delta which are located in the present day country of Egypt.

question

pharaoh

answer

A king of ancient Egypt who was believed to be half man and half god.

question

mummification

answer

The way Egyptians protected or preserved a dead body. They put chemicals on the body and wrapped it in cloth. Finally, they covered the wrapped body in a mixture like tar.

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tomb

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A place or building where the dead are buried.

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pyramids

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A stone building with four sides that are shaped like triangles. The Egyptians used pyramids as tombs.

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papyrus

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A kind of paper made by the Ancient Egyptians from plants growing along the Nile.

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hieroglyphics

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A type of picture writing that was the writing system used by the ancient Egyptians.

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Queen Hatshepsut

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An Egyptian queen who was the first female pharaoh. She worked to increase trade with places outside of Egypt and ordered many impressive monuments and temples built during her reign.

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King Tutankhamen

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An Egyptian pharaoh who died while still a young king. The discovery of his tomb in 1922 has taught archaeologists much about Egyptian culture.

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Nile River Valley

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An ancient civilization region where the Egyptians lived. Ancient Egypt was divided into two regions, Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. This looks a bit confusing on a map because Upper Egypt is to the south and Lower Egypt is to the north.

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Ramses II

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greatest of New Kingdom pharaohs - reigned for 66 years

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savannas

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grasslands south of Egypt

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Memphis

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Old kingdom capital

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Hyksos

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Westerm Asia people who conquered Egypt

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Cataracts

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Wild Rapids formed by boulders nd narrow cliffs within the Nile River

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Thebes

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Middle Kingdomm capital

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Khufu

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built the Grat Pyramid

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Isis

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represented the loyal wife and mother

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Hathepsut

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female pharaoh who concentrated on trade, building Egypt's economy

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papyrus

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reed plant used to make paper

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The pharaoh

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believed to be the son of Re, the sun god

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Sahara

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the largest desert in the world

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The Great pyrimid

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Largest building in the world for over 4000 years. One of the seven wonders of the ancient world

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pyramids

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entrance always faced north

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Nile

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longest river

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Hapi

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goddess wo ruled the Nile River

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Lower Egypt

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land around the Nile River delta

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Re

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chief god

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Amenhotep

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tried to bring a new monotheistic religion to Egypt

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Egyptian Imports

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incense, ivory, gold, iron tools, ebony

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Egyptian Exports

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beads, other metal tools,

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rooftops

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where Egyptian families spent time together

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Book of the Dead

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collection of prayers and spells to help obtain the afterlife

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Egyptian Crops

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flax, wheat, and barley

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tribute

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forced payment

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dynasty

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line of rulers from the same family - passes power from father to son

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Narmer/Menes

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united Upper and Lower Egypt

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Nubia

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today known as Sudan

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1 - Herodotus

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- Greek author who traveled throughout the known world - explored Egypt & the Nile in the 400s B.C.

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1 - Upper Egypt

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- area in ancient Egypt in the Nile Valley, south of the river's delta and the 30th northern parallel

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1 - Lower Egypt

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- area in ancient Egypt, in the northern Nile River region

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1 - -cataracts

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- rock-filled rapids; strong flood or rush of water - waterfalls

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1 - delta

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- the place at the mouth of a river where it splits into several streams to form an area shaped like a triangle

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1 - silt

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- rich, fertile soil deposited by the flooding of a river

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2 - pharaoh

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- the title of the kings of ancient Egypt

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2 - regent

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- someone who rules for a child until the child is old enough to rule

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2 - dynasty

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- a series of rulers from the same family

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2 - Hatshepsut

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- stepmother of Thutmose III - ruled Egypt as regent and then as pharaoh - achieved economic success, especially in trade

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2 - Menes

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- founder of the first Egyptian dynasty - unified Upper & Lower Egypt - founded the capital of Memphis

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2 - Thutmose III

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- stepson of Hatshepsut - considered the greatest pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt - reigned for over 50 years - expanded the empire to include Syria & Nubia

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3 - afterlife

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- the next life, in which the dead are believed to live again

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3 - mummy

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- a dead body preserved in lifelike condition

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3 - pyramid

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- a huge building with four sloping outside walls shaped like triangles - in Egypt, they were build as royal tombs

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3 - Giza

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- an ancient city capital of Upper Egypt - site of the Great Pyramids

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3. Black Land & Red Land

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- ancient Egyptians called their land Kemet (the black land), because of the dark soil left by the Nile's floods. - desert land on each side of the Nile was the Red Land

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3. Major Time Periods in Ancient Egypt

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- Old Kingdom: earliest time period of the groups of Egyptian dynasties ( Great Pyramid began, Sphinx built at Giza) - Middle Kingdom: middle time period of the groups of Egyptian dynasties (Egypt expands into Lower Nubia, literature & art flourish, government is strengthened) - New Kingdom: latest time period of the groups of Egyptian dynasties ( Queen Hatshepsut & King Tut rule during this time, Egyptian territory expands)

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4 - hieroglyph

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- a kind of picture writing in which some pictures stand for ideas or things and others stand for sounds

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4 - astronomer

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- a scientist who studies the stars and other objects in the sky

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4 - papyrus

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- an early form of paper made from a reedlike plant found in the marshy areas of the Nile delta

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4 - Jean Francois Champollion

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- French scholar - first to decode Egyptian hieroglyphics

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4 - Rosetta Stone

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- an ancient tablet covered with Egyptian & Greek hieroglyphics - provided a key to deciphering hieroglyphics

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5 - artisan

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- a worker who is especially skilled in making something, such as baskets, leather goods, tools, jewelry, pottery, or clothes

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5 - Taharka

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- prince of Nubia - became king of Nubia & Egypt

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5 - Kerma

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- a market town in present-day Sudan - an ancient Nubian city

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5 - Napata

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- one of the three most powerful Nubian kingdoms - located between the third & fourth cataracts of the Nile River in Upper Nubia

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5 - Meroe

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- a city of ancient Nubia in present-day Sudan - first Africans to specialize in ironworking

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Akhenaton

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- king of ancient Egypt - introduced monotheism - lost much of Egypt's provincial territories

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Ptolemy V

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- king of ancient Egypt - married to Cleopatra - ascension to the throne is recorded on the Rosetta Stone

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Ramses II

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- king of ancient Egypt - reign marked by great splendor & the building of monuments

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Tutankhamen

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- king of ancient Egypt - excavation of his tomb provided new knowledge about Egyptian art & history

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Nile River

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the longest river in the world; the Ancient Egyptians depended upon it for survival

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Giza

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a city of Ancient Egypt; the location of the Great Pyramid

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Delta

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triangular area at the mouth of a river; the Nile had very fertile land in this area

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Hieroglyphics

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Egyptian writing using pictures to represent sounds and language

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Jean Francois Champollion

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French scholar that unlocked the Egyptian code of writing using the Rosetta Stone

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Artisan

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a person especially skilled in a particular craft or trade such as weaving, pottery, jewelry making, leather-working, tool making, etc.

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Upper Egypt

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on a map of Ancient Egypt this would have been located in the south due to elevation

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Lower Egypt

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on a map of Ancient Egypt this would have been located in the north due to elevation

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Rosetta Stone

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Artifact that unlocked the mystery of Egyptian hieroglyphics

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Pharaoh

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The title of a king or a queen in Ancient Egypt

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King Tut

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A young king whose tomb was filled with jewelry, robes, burial masks, and ivory statues. These findings have helped people learn about Egypt's past

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Menes

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King of Upper Egypt united the two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt

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Afterlife

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the next life in which the Egyptians believed the dead would live again

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Weighing of the Heart Ceremony

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The Egyptians believed that when someone died they would be judged in this ceremony; the heart against the feather of truth

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Silt

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Rich fertile soil good for farming; usually deposited by river flooding

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Regent

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Someone who rules for a child until the child is old enough to rule

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Thutmose III

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Stepson of Hatshepsut; considered a great pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt

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Hatshepsut

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the first female pharoah of Egypt; stepmother of Thutmose III

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Astronomy

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branch of science that studies the stars, the moon, the planets, and other celestial bodies

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Sphinx

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Mythological creature thought to have the head of a pharaoh and the body of a lion

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Pyramids

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Huge archaeological structures built as tombs for the pharaohs

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Howard Carter

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He discovered King Tutankhamen's (King Tut) royal tomb, Englishman and Egyptologist who in 1922 discovered and excavated the tomb of Tutankhamen

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Cataract

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rock filled rapids in a river; also can refer to a waterfall in a river

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Scarab

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Sacred insect that the Egyptians believed was connected to the sun-god Ra; believed to help protect the heart of a deceased Egyptian in the afterlife

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Dynasty

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series of rulers from the same family

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Osiris

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God of the afterlife; god of the dead; shown with the crown of upper and lower egypt usually holding a crook and flail in his hands

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Anubis

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God of mummification and/or embalming; shown with the head of a jackal

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Isis

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Goddess of motherhood and fertility; the husband of Osiris

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Ra/Amon-Re

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Sun god; often thought of as the most important Egyptian God

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Silt

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A fertile mixture of tiny bits of soil and rock.

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Delta

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Very fertile, flat land made of silt left behind as a river drains into a larger body of water.

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Irrigation

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The watering of land by means of canals or pipes.

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Unification

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The joining of separate parts into one.

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Pharaoh

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The ruler of Egypt.

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Hieroglyphics

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Ancient Egypt's system of writing made up of picture signs.

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Scribe

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A professional writer who kept records and copied letters and official documents.

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Papyrus

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A reed plant used to make paper.

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Inundation

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Yearly flooding of the Nile River

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Monarchy

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A government ruled by a king or a queen.

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Polytheism

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The belief in many gods.

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Nile River

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the longest river in the world and the reason the ancient Egyptians survived and thrived

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Delta

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a triangular-shaped area where a river fans out and divides as it flows into a larger body of water

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Cataracts

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6 steep rapids on the Nile River

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Black Land

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fertile land on the banks of the Nile River

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Red Land

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barren desert land that protected Egypt on two sides

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Upper Egypt

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the land near the Nile's delta, in the northern part of ancient Egypt

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Lower Egypt

answer

the land in the Nile River Valley, in the southern part of ancient Egypt

Social Studies Set 1 " Egypt Terms" – Flashcards

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