social studies ch. 10 – Flashcards
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A system of attaining knowledge by repeated observation and experimentation
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scientific method
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universal laws that Enlightenment thinkers believed could be understood through reason
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natural law
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A political system in which a ruler holds total power
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absolutism
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Religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
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deism
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A system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers
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enlightened absolutism
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Rights with which all humans are supposedly born, including the rights to life, liberty, and property
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natural rights
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Entire society agrees to be governed by its general will
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social contract
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Reason is the chief source of knowledge
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rationalism
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Idea that the state should not interfere with the economy
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laissez-faire
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Void of religious affliliation or connection; separate from religion
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secularism
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A child of prodigy and one of the greatest composers of the Enlightenment
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
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The founder of Methodism
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John Wesley
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Wrote the Encyclopedia and tried to change the general way of thinking from superstitions to logical thought
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Denis Diderot
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Father of modern rationalism
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Rene Descartes
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Created the scientific method
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Francis Bacon
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Known as the greatest figure of the Enlightenment and for his criticism of Christianity and his strong belief in religious toleration
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Voltaire
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Long considered the greatest genius of the Scientific Revolution; discovered the laws of motion and suggested that there are laws that govern all of life
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Isaac Newton
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Wrote The Wealth of Nations and promoted laissez-faire economics
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Adam Smith
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Believed members of a society should be forced to follow a social contract
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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His ideas about natural rights and government shaped the ideas of America's founding fathers
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John Locke
