Social Psychology: 5-9
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According to anthropologists, which of the following is NOT true? a. We are more alike than we are different b. We are social beings c. All people migrated from Africa d. We are more alike than we are different
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D. We are more alike than we are different
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The evolutionary process by which nature selects traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce in particular environmental niches is called a. evolutionary adaptation b.natural selection c.evolutionary psychology d.natural adaptation
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B. Natural Selection
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Evolutionary psychologists study a. neither physical nor psychological traits b. psychological traits c. both physical and psychological traits d. physical traits
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c. Both physical and psychological traits
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One of the most important similarities in humans is our capacity a. to learn and adapt b. to dominate other species c. to self-destruction d. for altruism
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a. To learn and adapt
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Rules for accepted and expected behavior are called a. attitudes b. norms c. Both B & C d. values
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B. Norms
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Which of the following is a universal norm according to the textbook? a. female genitalia mutilation b. incest c. public nudity d. cannibalism
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B. Incest
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Leung and Bond (2004) reported that there were five universal dimensions of social beliefs. Which of the following is NOT one of those five? a. justice b. cynicism c. reward for application d. social complexity
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a. Justice
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Which of the following is false? a.women's telephone conversations are longer b. women express more emotion in emails than men c. men send more text messages than women d. women spend more time on social networking than men
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c. Men send more text messages than women
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According to research on gender differences, which statement is NOT true? a. Women describe themselves as having more empathy than men b. Women are more vulnerable to autism c. Women smile more than men d. Women are better able to express themselves nonverbally
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b. Women are more vulnerable to autism
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Consistent with evolutionary psychology's explanation of gender differences, Roney (2003) found that teen males reported _______ as most important if left alone in a room with a teen female. a. showing one's sensitive side b. having good grades c. being witty d. having lots of money
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d. Having lots of money
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A change in behavior or belief to accord with others is called: a. acceptance b. conformity c. obedience d. compliance
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b. Conformity
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Even though you really dislike wearing a dress, you decide to wear one to your cousin's wedding. This is an example of a. acceptance b. conformity c. obedience d. compliance
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d. Compliance
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After hearing a great deal about the benefits of soy products from your friends, you decide to drink soy milk instead of cow's milk. Your behavior is an example of: a. acceptance b. conformity c. obedience d. compliance
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a. Acceptance
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A classmate across the room yawns and then several other students yawn. This is an example of a. chameleon effect b. psychological acceptance c. group cohesion d. informational influence
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a. Chameleon effect
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Which of the following is NOT a reason we yawn? a. calm b. see other's yawn c. sleepy d. tension release
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a. Calm
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In the spring of 1954, Seattle residents were alarmed by widespread reports of damage by a mysterious windshield-pitting agent. According to the text, the true cause of public concern was most likely a. psychological reactance b. mass suggestibility c. a fallout recent H-bomb testing d. the auto kinetic phenomenon
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a. Mass suggestibility
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Asch's conformity experiments showed that most people: a. conform when wrong b. become confused when confronted c. tell the truth even when others do not d. go along with other's decision
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c. Tell the truth even when others do not
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How did Asch's studies of conformity differ from those of Sherif? a.Sherif's participants were in the physical presence of the pressuring group, while Asch's participants were not. b. Sherif's participants were dealing with facts rather than opinions. c. Asch's participants could clearly see the correct judgment. d. Asch's participants faced a more ambiguous task.
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c. Asch's participants could clearly see the correct judgment
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Milgram's studies explored _______; Asch's studies explored _______. a. obedience; norm formation b. conformity; obedience c. obedience; conformity d.conformity; norm formation
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c. obedience; conformity
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A concern for _______ produces normative influence, while a concern for _______ produces informational influence. a. social image; being correct b. being correct; social image c.social roles; authority figures d. being correct; gaining status
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a. social image; being correct
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_______ is the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. a. sleeper effect b. persuasion c. compliance d. inoculation
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b. Persuasion
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According to the text, the factor that determines if we call attempts at persuasion "education" or "propaganda" is whether or not: a. we believe them b. we know the communicator c. the message is one-sided d. the message is emotional in tone
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a. we believe them
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If people remember the message better than the reason for discounting it, the impact of a noncredible person may _______ over time. a. decrease b. stay the same c. increase d. change
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c. Increase
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Perceived expertise in a speaker includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. they begin with things the audience agrees with b. someone speaking hesitantly c. someone speaking confidently d. being introduced as knowledgeable
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b. Someone speaking hesitantly
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You are attending a lecture by a banker and you expect her to advocate bank savings accounts. However, she advocates stock investments instead. Since her message goes against her own self-interest, you perceive her as _______ and the message as _______. a. sincere, not persuasive b. insincere, not persuasive c. insincere, persuasive d. sincere, persuasive
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d. sincere, persuasive
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Research has found that _______ speakers are rated as more objective, intelligent, and knowledgeable a. slow b. exciting c. dull d. fast
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d. fast
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When people deferred to credible experts, Cialdini (2008) called this the _______ principle of persuasion. a. liking b. social proof c. resiprocity d. authority
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d. authority
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Studies have shown that if people are aware of opposing arguments, a _______ presentation is more persuasive and enduring. a. discrepant b. two-sided c. one-sided d. clear and ambiguous
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b. two-sided
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Forgetting creates the recency effect when a. the messages are back to back b. time has separated two messages c. there is little time between two messages d. there are two opposing messages
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b. time has separated the two messages
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Which of the following illustrates media influence through a two-step flow of communication? a. A domestic car manufacturer sponsors a television program about the defectiveness of many foreign imports. b. A teenager buys a video game she saw advertised both on television and in her favorite magazine. c. A man buys a new laundry detergent after having it recommended by a friend, who had read that it was both effective and environmentally safe in a consumer magazine article. d. A candidate for political office answers questions from members of a studio audience on live television.
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c. A man buys a new laundry detergent after having it recommended by a friend, who had read that it was both effective and environmentally safe in a consumer magazine article.
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Two or more people who interact with and influence one another for longer than a few moments is what social psychologists call a: a. clan b. group c. mob d. crowd
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b. group
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According to social psychologists, a group exists when two or more people interact with and influence each other, and: a. also facilitate each other b. also perceive themselves as "us" c. are also in the same place d. also work together
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b. also perceive themselves as "us"
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Groups tend to loaf less when a. when members of the group are friends b. members are dissimilar c. the members are strangers d. they will never see each other again
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a. When members of the group are friends
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Zimbardo reported that women who were masked and hooded in KKK-style hoods and robes tended to _______ than women who were visible and wore name tags. a. greater in social loafing b. make eye contact to reveal personal information c. administer longer shocks to victims d. make riskier decisions
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c. administer longer shocks to victims
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What underlying processes help to explain the occurrence of group polarization? a. psychological reactance and deindividuation b. social comparison and self-censorship c. minority influences and social facilitation d. informational influences and normative influences
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d. informational influences and normative influences
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The process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group is called a. central route persuasion. b. the foot-in-the-door principle. c. peripheral route persuasion. d. leadership.
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d. leadership
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Which statement is true? a.Because competition motivates, people working on complicated tasks are more efficient when they work in the same room rather than in isolation. b.On simple, individualistic tasks people work better when alone rather than in the presence of others. c. The presence of others speeds up the performance of simple, well-learned tasks. d. For both simple and complex tasks, environmental distractions invariably undermine the quality of performance.
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c. The presence of others speeds up the performance of simple, well-learned tasks
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Social loafing can be minimized if: a. people work with coworkers rather than friends b. rewards for work are divided equally c. the task requires dominant responses d. individuals are identifiable
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d. individuals are identifiable
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Professional athletes often perform better in front of a large crowd during a game than alone during practice. This finding supports the theory of: a. social comparison b. social facilitation c. social loafing d. deindividuation
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b. social facilitation
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Dave is a clinical psychologist with a specialization in clinical depression and suicidal ideation. One day he is walking home from work when he notices a group of 20 people standing and staring up at the sky. Curious, he joins the group and sees a person on the roof of a 30-story building—seemingly preparing to jump. Suddenly, someone in the crowd starts chanting "jump." Soon the other 20 people start chanting as well—Dave included. Dave's behavior is likely the result of: a. social facilitation b. group think c. deindivduation d. group polarization
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c. deindividuation
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People who are overweight: a. face more discrimination than minority racial groups in employment settings. b.face less discrimination than minority racial groups. c. are perceived as happy and content. d. do not face discrimination
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a. face more discrimination than minority racial groups in employment settings
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Since the Iraq war, Americans have developed negative views of: a. Iraqis. b.Muslims. c. Jews. d. Democrats.
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b. Muslims
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A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members is called a. racism b. prejudice c. discrimination d. sexism
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b. prejudice
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Prejudice is a(n) a. affect b. behavior c. cognition d. attitude
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d. attitude
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Greenwald and his colleagues (2003) asked both Black and White participants to press a "shoot" button when the target appeared to be holding a gun (rather than a harmless object such as a flashlight). Their results showed that all participants mistakenly shot at more targets who were Black. The results showed that a. to show prejudice people must be aware of their attitudes b. some people will always be afraid. c. people are not prejudiced. d. automatic, implicit prejudice exists.
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d. automatic, implicit prejudice exists
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Which statement is FALSE? a.Strong gender stereotypes exist. b. Members of a stereotyped group accept the stereotypes. c. Racial stereotypes are stronger than gender stereotypes. d. Worldwide, women are perceived as more agreeable.
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c. Racial stereotypes are stronger than gender stereotypes
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Elena's boss told her that she is being let go due to company downsizing. Later that day when she gets home, she is critical of her girlfriend's choice of restaurant for dinner. What term best describes Elena's behavior? a.institutionalized aggression b.authoritarian regression c. displaced aggression d. just-world action
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c. displaced aggression
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The "we" aspect of our self-concept is what social psychologists call a. an outgroup. b. our group identity. c. our social identity. d. an ingroup.
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c. our social identity
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"Them"—a group that people perceive as being distinctively different or apart from their ingroup—is what social psychologists call a(n) a.ingroup. b.outgroup. c. scapegoat. d. bias group.
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b. outgroup
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Between classes, you notice how smokers congregate outside the doors of the building. When interacting with one another, they seem to behave as if they identify as quite different from the non-smokers who happen to be outside the door. What term would best describe the group of smokers? a. a clan b.an ingroup c. an ethnocentric group d. an outgroup
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b. an ingroup
