question

In the 1950s and 1960s, mainstream psychology was divided between ___.

answer

Behavioralism and Freudian Psychoanalysis

question

In social psychology, researchers typically test hypotheses using the ___ confidence level.

answer

95%

question

The two defining features of an experiment are control and random assignment.

answer

True.

question

Working as a research assistant and pretend to be part of the study (seizures). What are you?

answer

Confederate.

question

In a ___, the researcher is able to manipulate an independent variable but NOT able to use random assignment.

answer

quasi-experiment

question

How has the textbook described the historical relationship between clinical psychology and social psychology?

answer

The two fields have historically exchanged ideas and viewpoints.

question

Most social psychologists ___.

answer

Study college students but are interested in normal adults in general.

question

Which of the following research designs allows researchers the MOST control over the variables they are studying?

answer

Laboratory experiments

question

A correlation coefficient communicates two pieces of information about the relationship between two variables: The ___ communicates the direction of the relationship, and the ___ communicates the strength of the relationship.

answer

sign; value

question

How are social psychologists generally similar to behaviorists?

answer

They both tend to favor experiments and the scientific method.

question

Social psychology was in existence as a field roughly 100 years before Freudian psychoanalysis.

answer

False.

question

Martin believes his blue coat is warmer than his red coat. Ted thinks that he might wan to have kids sometime in the next few years. Etc. These are examples of

answer

Cognitions.

question

Study about whether gender differences influence suicide. Only way to study this is to conduct:

answer

correlational research looking at archival data

question

As discussed in the textbook, the main weakness with correlational research (as opposed to experimental research) is that the researcher cannot draw conclusions about ______.

answer

changes in one variable causing changes in the other variable. (...?)

question

Which of the following would be the BEST operational definition for tiredness?

answer

The number of hours since one has last slept...? NOT Irritability, etc.

question

When a researcher conducts an experiment and is fairly certain that changes in the independent variable cause changes in the dependent variable, that experiment is said to be high in ___.

answer

internal validity.

question

While social psychologists are interested in a wide variety of topics, three themes that have become increasingly important during the last 30 years are ___.

answer

Social cognition, biological influences on behavior, and the self.

question

Researchers tend to use quasi-experimental research designs when they are able to manipulate an independent variable but NOT able to ___.

answer

use random assignment.

question

When social psychologist Kurt Lewin said that "there is nothing so practical as a good theory," he meant that ___.

answer

although they may seem impractical, theories can be very important in helping to stimulate practical ideas and practical research

question

Social psychologists routinely test research hypotheses using the .05 level of significance. This means that so-called "significant" findings are actually "flukes" about ___ of the time.

answer

5%

question

Dr. Taylor research on effect of new drug. Sample is 100 US adults. If he uses random assignment, it means that ___.

answer

each research participant has an equal chance of being assigned to each level of the independent variable (placebo vs drug group)

question

Most research in social psychology is based on Western European and North American samples, though some research has also been conducted in other areas of the world. Based on what is known to date, it appears to be reasonably safe to generalize social psychological research findings to the vast majority of ___.

answer

people living in Western nations

question

Replication is an important part of ___.

answer

the self-correcting nature of science.

question

Researchers often attempt to design studies that will be high in both experimental realism and mundane realism. However, ___.

answer

experimental realism is generally considered to be far more important

question

The construct "need for cognition" measures how much a person likes to think deeply, evaluate arguments, and analyze ideas. Let us assume that people who are confident about their self-worth also have a higher "need for cognition." Therefore, one would expect "need for cognition" to correlate positively with "self esteem." A study finding this to be the case MOST illustrates ___ validity.

answer

convergent

question

In recent years, what has emerged as an important subfield of social psychology that explores the ways in which people think about social situations?

answer

NOT cognitive sociology

question

When attempting to explain a person's behavior, what do social psychologists tend to assess first?

answer

The person's situation

question

Zhao can't make people be in poverty to see if they'll be liberal, so he has to

answer

take a correlational approach

question

With which of the following social sciences has social psychology had the LEAST interaction until recently?

answer

History

question

Dr. Gem studies individual differences in introversion. Dr. Gem is MOST likely a ___ psychologist

answer

personality

question

Given Ringlemann's early research looking at group size and individual effort, how do they try in small vs. big groups?

answer

Try harder in small groups

question

Study on pet ownership effect on empathy, but no measures of empathy to be found! Your research is low in

answer

Construct validity of the effect

question

The scientific method used by social psychologists is ___

answer

conceptually the same as the scientific method used by clinical psychologists, biologists, and chemists

question

Researchers tend to use quasi-experimental research designs when they are able to manipulate an independent variable but NOT able to ___

answer

use random assignment

question

Which of the following would constitute the BEST random sample of a university population

answer

The students whose names were drawn from a list of all students enrolled in classes, a sample representing 30% of the university population

question

Roger has negative stereotypes about women. What would a social psychologist ask him?

answer

Media/interaction with women would have reinforced the stereotypes? NOT mom issues

question

In the history of psychology and social psychology, the late 1800s and early 1900s marked ___

answer

the very first social psychological experiments

question

If a study is high in external validity, then ___

answer

the findings are likely to generalize to other people and other settings

question

What do we call the field that combines the interests of social and biological psychology?

answer

Social neuroscience

question

The top research journals in social psychology have substantial overlap, content-wise, with which of the following?

answer

Personality psychology

question

According to the textbook, what is one major reason people study social psychology?

answer

It is fun and interesting, and can help make the world a better place

question

Replication refers to ___

answer

repeating an experiment to see if the same results can be obtained

question

Social psychologists are generally similar to Freudian psychoanalysts in that they both ___.

answer

have an interest in thoughts and feelings as well as behaviors

question

The social psychological theory known as "social exchange theory" is based MOST obviously on which of the following other social sciences?

answer

Economics

question

Which of the following fields is MOST concerned with understanding different human cultures?

answer

Anthropology

question

The term "reactance" is used to refer to the tendency for people to ___

answer

have an unpleasant emotional response when others are trying to restrict their freedom

question

Although sociologists and social psychologists are both interested in group behavior, sociologists tend to focus on ___, whereas social psychologists tend to focus on ___

answer

the group as a single unit; individual members within the group

question

Most social psychologists perform research by ___

answer

conducting experiments

question

Using more than one exemplar of a stimulus (such as more than one violent video game in a study) is known as ___

answer

factorial design

question

If an experiment does NOT get participants psychologically involved and engaged, even though the setting of the experiment closely resembles the real world physically, then the experiment would be said to be ___.

answer

low in experimental realism, but high in mundane realism

question

If a researcher conducts an experiment in which the independent variable is poorly defined (poor operational definition), then the experiment can be said to have ___

answer

low construct validity of the cause

question

In social psychology, researchers typically test hypotheses using the ___ confidence level

answer

95%

question

Social psychology focuses especially on the power of ___

answer

situations

question

Based on early research by Norman Triplett, we should expect that children who work on math problems alone will ___ than children who work on math problems side by side with their classmates

answer

work more slowly

question

Correlation coefficients are statistics used to denote

answer

the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables

question

True experiments have two key features that make them different from other studies. First, in a true experiment, the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables. Second, the researcher makes use of ___

answer

random assignment

question

Researcher is all, "tell me about your sex life" and you get all "ughhhh I don't like you," this is an example of ___

answer

reactance

question

Social psychology has been LEAST influenced by the branch of psychology known as ___ psychology until recently

answer

developmental

question

If an experiment gets participants psychologically involved and engaged, but the setting does not resemble the real world, then the experiment would be said to be ___

answer

high in experimental realism and low in mundane realism

question

Who proposed the idea that behavior is a function of both the person and the situation in the first half of the 20th century?

answer

Kurt Lewin

question

Random assignment is one of the defining features of correlational research

answer

false

question

What do we call the field that combines the interests of social and biological psychology?

answer

social neuroscience

question

The first social psychological experiments and the publication of the first book to bear the title Social Psychology both occurred around ___

answer

1900

question

Ringlemann & tug-of-war. As size of group increases, ___

answer

individual effort decreases

question

Dr. Dude is researching young children to examine the effect of the exposure to different cultural groups on the development of empathy. The independent variable in this research is ___

answer

exposure to different cultural groups

question

If you can think of a good hypothesis, but no good operational definitions for your variables, your research might be low in

answer

construct validity

question

Dr. Trojan is a researcher studying methods for increasing condom usage among sexually active teens. He's BEST described as a(n) ___

answer

applied researcher

question

During the first half of the 20th century, who argued that attitudes were the most important and useful concept in social psychology?

answer

Gordon Allport

question

When did social psychology begin to come into its own as a field?

answer

1950s and 60s

question

The term "experimental realism" refers to whether the physical setting of a research study resembles the "real world"

answer

false

question

Social psychology primarily relies on the experimental method

answer

true!

question

Compared to laboratory experiments, field experiments tend to be ___

answer

Not high in both :( low in internal and high in external?

question

Social psychologists typically derive ___ based on ___

answer

NOT hypotheses, observations :(

question

Reliability is to ___ as validity is to ___

answer

consistency; measuring what something claims to measure

question

Which of the following topics would a cognitive psychologist be MOST likely to study?

answer

How people learn to memorize complex musical compositions

question

Social psychology is the study of

answer

how our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are affected by other people

question

Applied researchers are the social scientists who

answer

focus on concrete problems--literacy rates/water conservation

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