Social Movements FYI – Flashcards

-individual -partnership -corporate

-limited liability --limited to value of shares -access to large amounts of financing -ability to attract expert managers -ability to generate good jobs and wealth to investors

-broad impact on workforce, communities, environment -impersonal organization structure -undue influence on government

A protest organized against the WTO conference in 1999 held in Seattle, Washington.

-trade goods/services -labor -finance (capital)

-unions -environmentalists -developing world advocates -community groups

-major banking outfits -IMF; world bank -free trade pacts

-poverty -domination by developing countries -sweatshops -outsourcing -earth depletion -public health threats -debts -immigration of educated to developed countries

-conference venues for WTO --forced shutdowns

-public awareness -HIV/AIDS drug program -debt relief for some poorer countries -slow down/questioning of future trade pacts

-Adam Smith -David Ricardo -Robert Owen -Karl Marx -John Maynard Keynes

-considered father of economics (18th century) -advocate of free markets --free competition with 'natural laws' away from regulation -'virtue' of self-interest --Invisible Hand Theory: taking care of oneself will lead to social benefit -all investments suffer from opportunity costs --difference between what it costs to invest and opportunities lost by doing it -government should provide public services, but users of these services pay in proportion to their use -division of labor --power of mass production

-late 17th, early 18th century economist -anti-protectionist --pro-free market -stated law of diminishing marginal returns --more resources in = less profit out -advocated for regional and national specialization --comparative advantage -theory of rents -"value theory"

(comparative costs) A country can trade for products at a better cost than it would be to try and make the products at home -only produce what you're best at - trade the rest

those who own and rent out gain more than those who don't own and just rent -landowners gain from productive land instead of tenant farmers, because tenants willing to pay more for productive land

monetarism -power of money and how possession of it can heavily influence economy

-19th century reformer -advocate of utopian socialism; sponsored experimental communities and created his own -advocated 'villages of co-operation' where work is carried on collectively --remedy for unemployment; gives social regeneration -critiqued industrialism and stimulated working-class action through his utopias -grand dream: 'grand national moral union of productive classes' -advocated for trade unions --contained laborers and management together

-pyramid of producers power -trade-union lodges at its base, national labor exchange at apex --society transformed by this operation

-19th century revolutionary -"Communist Manifesto" --unintentionally formed communism -held that conflicts between labor and capital is all of history --revolution by labor through force of history was needed to reach 'Nirvana' or utopia (communism) -commodified value of labor --labor theory of value --decreasing rates of profit --increasing concentration of wealth

-20th century economist -founded Keynesian Economics -"General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money" -to stabilize economy, you need to reverse economic spending --save to spend and spend to save -identified aggregate demand -helped found IMF --involved around the world in different projects -critiqued Treaty of Versailles for being unfair in 1919

economic theories on the causes of prolonged unemployment

The sum of consumption (consumers), investment (business), and government spending (stimulus and bailouts) -ultimate debt builds up to lots of money -full employment only maintained with help of government spending

Movement by fast food workers across the country to raise minimum wage federally to $15 and improve workplace conditions

-federal minimum wage raised to at least $15 -better workplace conditions

-mostly fast food restaurants --mcdonalds, burger king, etc. -local governments --cities, states, counties -some protesting on federal level

-popular support -economic policy --keep up with inflation (should be 21.72) --US minimum far behind other developed countries -will pump more money into economy --pull thousands over the poverty line and give them a 'living wage'

-move will not effect corporate business much, but will kill many small businesses and franchisees -will result in fewer job and make more basic jobs difficult to get --increased education or experience standards -commodity inflation to cover costs --inflation will cancel out wage raise over time -may prompt companies to replace employees with machinery (?)

-still fighting in cities across the US -major victory in Seattle brought minimum wage plan to forefront --other victories in DC, SF, LA, NYC etc. to $15 or close-by

-strikes -walkouts -protests at shareholder meetings -linked arms for picket lines -worker conventions

Movement where activists upset with a multitude of social and economic problems 'occupied' public spaces like parks and squares to bring their issues more awareness

-Wall street -US government -capitalism --considered by some anti-capitalist

-income inequality -exaggerated influence of corporations of politics --corrupt governments -high unemployment -foreclosure situation in housing -student loan debt -lack of a middle class -bank reform --bailouts by govn't

-clear-cut demands lost in dissention of multiple factions -many different group had various different solutions --99% declaration --new new deal

-calls for national assembly to come up with solutions to grievances

-proposes solutions similar to new deal for economic crisis

-no real clear-cut solutions -over time it degraded into carnival --lack of cohesion hurt movement's goals -still working towards goals 3 years later

-strong-tie phenomenon -often asks much of the participant; high risk strategies --strikes, sit-ins, protests -requires participants to be deeply committed to goals and causes --often has a personal connection to movement; close friend or family -often strategic activism --movements with defined leaders, thought-out plan, and set goals

-weak-tie phenomenon -doesn't ask much of participant; low risk strategies --donations, sign petitions, like/share/reblog -doesn't challenge socially entrenched norms --type of commitment that will only bring social praise -often builds networks of activism --resilient and adaptable in low-risk situations

-lets acquaintances keep in touch -helps diffusion of innovation -encourages interdisciplinary collaboration -matches up buyers and sellers for products -greatly expands the dating world

-motivates those who are not activists to do bare minimum and feel as though they've become activists -encourages the building of networks instead of hierarchies --social activism requires a set structure to fight entrenched opinions; lack of cohesion can kill a movement -favors weak-tie connections and low-risk activism that often achieves very little

1)Power isn't just what you have, but what the enemy thinks you have 2)Never go outside the experience of your people -ask them to do what they're capable of 3)Always try to go outside the experience of the enemy 4)Make the enemy live up to their rules 5)Ridicule is man's most potent weapon 6)A good tactic is one that people enjoy 7)Tactics that drag on become a drag -change tactics often 8)Keep the pressure on 9)The threat is usually more terrifying than the thing itself 10)Operations must maintain constant pressure upon the opposition -have to make the enemy react to start any action 11)Pushing the negatives hard enough will break through to the countersides -don't be afraid to focus on the negative 12)Price of a successful attack is a constructive alternative -offer a solution 13)Pick a target, then freeze it, personalize it, and polarize it -make the matter personal

All social movements are based around a strategy, which is a combination of a demand, a tactic, or a site/venue.

-influenced by identity: sense of self and sense of place/social location --tactics shift from group to group, but they always contain at least one or the other -different tactics can be effective or ineffective and greatly determine if the social movement is successful

-police officers are technically working class but they can't join the protestors even if they agree -police are the backbone of government and defend the government's interests, but government interests can be influenced by big business