question

One of the best ways to reduce the number of children born (According to Sachs) is to:

answer

provide family planning

question

What term refers to the notion that everyone is created equal in the eyes of God?

answer

ontological equality

question

Which group exploits the working class by taking more of the value of the work of laborers than they repay in wages?

answer

bourgeoisie

question

C. Wright Mills argues that there are three major institutions in the United States today that have the power to make decisions for the masses. Which one of the following is NOT one of these?

answer

religion

question

Rousseau believed that the source of all social ills was:

answer

private property

question

Karl Marx and Jean-Jacques Rousseau tended to agree on at least one thing. They both felt that the primary source of social ills in society was due to the emergence of:

answer

private property

question

Economists and sociologists believe that the United States is stratified along what lines?

answer

income

question

The prestige of a person's first job out of school factors into his or her position on the:

answer

status-attainment model

question

According to the German philosopher Hegel, the master-slave relationship is one of mutual:

answer

dependency

question

Mobility that is inevitable from changes in the economy is called:

answer

structural mobility

question

The government's definition of poverty for a family of four (as of 2011) is a total yearly salary of just under:

answer

$23,000

question

Hegel argued that notions of inequality are constantly evolving in a larger historical arc and will eventually lead to:

answer

equality

question

Pareto believed in a society in which status and mobility are based on individual attributes and ability, called:

answer

meritocracy

question

Which American job sector has greatly increased since the oil crisis of 1973?

answer

low-wage service work

question

The game of Monopoly follows the rules of what standard of equality?

answer

equality of opportunity

question

Sociologists often describe an individual's position in a stratified social order that attempts to classify groups, individuals, families, or households in terms of indicators such as occupation, income, wealth, and education. Sociologists call this:

answer

socioeconomic status

question

What is the fastest-growing job market for people with only a high school education?

answer

food preparation

question

What is one of the main reasons cited for rising income and wealth inequality in the United States?

answer

globalization

question

In political speeches about the poor, those who are believed to deserve our assistance are termed the:

answer

working poor

question

Ferguson and Millar saw social developments resulting from the establishment of private property as representing a huge improvement in society because private property leads to higher degrees of social organization and:

answer

efficiency

question

Professionals, small business owners, and craftsmen are referred to as:

answer

petit bourgeoisie

question

According to the Relative Social Prestige of Selected U.S. Occupations table (Table 7.1 in your text), which white-collar occupation has the highest prestige score?

answer

physician

question

Under what system is your societal position related to your position in the economic market?

answer

class system

question

What is another term for the nonworking poor?

answer

underclass

question

From Malthus's perspective, what keeps the population in check?

answer

inequality

question

An example of the ideology of equality of condition put into practice is:

answer

affirmation action

question

A subsystem of stratification that Mills mentions is the outer fringes of the power elite. These are:

answer

individuals who count in the decisions that affect all of us, but who don't actually make those decisions.

question

Elliot Essman asserts that America is a(n) ____________ because the very wealthy do not have much impact on the country in general.

answer

middle-class nation

question

Which kind of inequality did Rousseau believe would always exist?

answer

physical

question

A system in which advancement is based on individual achievement or ability is referred to as:

answer

meritocratic

question

According to Rousseau, there are two forms of inequality: ____________, or natural, and ____________, or political.

answer

physical;social

question

Trade of goods and services across national boundaries, as well as the mobility of businesses and labor through immigration, is called:

answer

globalization

question

Historically, Marx's capitalist class was made up of members of the:

answer

upper class

question

The examination of how race and ethnicity affect income is really an examination of:

answer

stratification

question

Which standard of equality is most concerned with the distribution of resources?

answer

equality of outcome

question

A type of stratification that is based on hereditary notions of religious and theological purity and in which there is little to no individual mobility within the strata is the:

answer

caste system.

question

What is the primary source of income for the upper class?

answer

returns on investments

question

A stratification system with a governing elite—that is, few leaders who broadly hold the power in society—is called a(n):

answer

elite-mass dichotomy system.

question

Which term refers to a group or an individual transitioning from one social status to another that is situated more or less on the same rung of the ladder?

answer

horizontal social mobility

SOCI 101 QUIZ 6 – Flashcards

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