SOC American and Ethnic Relations - Flashcards

Q: Melissa has been referring to the Japanese as a race because they stand out as an identifiable group to her. She is __________.

using the term \"race\" incorrectly

Q: As acculturation takes place, __________.

strangers\' consciousness decreases because the freshness of their perception is lost

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The adjustment from stranger to neighbor is __________.

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Process

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Ethnicity is __________.

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a set of learned or acquired cultural traits shared by a people

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According to Parrillo, a category of people who share visible biological characteristics and are regarded as a single group is a(n) __________.

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race

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Which of the following is an example of an ascribed status?

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Female

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Functionalists believe that society is a stable, cooperative social system in which everything has a function and provides the basis of a harmonious society.

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True

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Melissa has been referring to the Japanese as a race because they stand out as an identifiable group to her. She is __________.

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using the term "race" incorrectly

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Natives usually perceive strangers __________.

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categorically

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As acculturation takes place, __________.

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strangers' consciousness decreases because the freshness of their perception is lost

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When a visiting Korean asks for pizza rather than sushi, the host may conclude that all Koreans like pizza. This is an example of __________.

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categoric knowing

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Jose, who is Mexican, moves to San Antonio from Mexico City. This is an example of __________.

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emigration

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Conflict theorists believe that the North Korean communist regime __________.

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was created to act against false consciousness XXXwas created by shared expectations among individuals

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The adjustment from stranger to neighbor moves along a continuum without friction.

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False

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__________ are an ethnic group.

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Bulgarian Americans XXXBlack Americans

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A 2001 study showed that more than 50 percent of newlyweds met their spouses in the workplace. Sociologically, meeting a spouse at work would be considered a __________.

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latent function of workplaces

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Since strangers experience a "lack of historicity," they often observe things that go unnoticed by the natives, such as natives' customs, social institutions, appearances, and lifestyle.

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False

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Social distance refers to how far away your relatives and friends live.

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False

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When Americans say "hello" or "how are you?" this is an example of __________.

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intersubjective understanding

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Cross-racial friendships on college campuses are increasingly rare.

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False

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Susan, a Texas cattle rancher, thinks the Japanese custom of eating raw fish is disgusting. This is an example of __________.

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ethnocentrism

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Pluralist advocates criticize __________.

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Afrocentrism

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Bill believes that assimilation is the key to understanding racial and ethnic differences and that economic equality will follow. His views are in line with __________ theory.

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Functionalist XXXinteractionist

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Sociologists use historical documents, reports, surveys, ethnographies, and direct observation to systematically gather empirical evidence about intergroup relations.

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True

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Juan believes that Hispanic families are superior to white families. This belief is an example of which theory?

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XXXoutgroup discrimination theory

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Social identity theory helps explain __________.

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ingroup favoritism

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Social distance studies have found __________.

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a fairly consistent pattern over the decades

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When marrying, members of a minority group usually practice __________.

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endogamy

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A 2001 study of social distance found __________.

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increased diversity in society

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In American culture, such things as freedom, individualism and equal opportunity are deemed to be highly desirable. In sociological terms these concepts are __________.

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Values

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An ethnic group held up as a role model for a newly arrived group was probably __________.

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an object of scorn and condemnation itself at one time

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Matt believes that the frustrations and struggles between social groups and classes are what structure and determine society. He is a __________.

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conflict theorist

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A minority group __________.

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is characterized by a feeling of group identity

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A minority group __________.

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is determined by a group's relative power in society

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In a new social setting, strangers __________.

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lack the natives' knowledge of shared realities

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Jessica is a woman who lives in the United States where females outnumber males. She is __________.

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a member of a minority group

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Social distance studies capture social acceptance of groups __________.

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at a given moment in time

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By "ingroup," sociologists mean __________.

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the group to which an individual belongs and feels loyalty

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Karl Marx believed that the elite exploited the masses and that this exploitation created tensions and disagreements. Marx's theory is best known as __________.

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conflict perspective

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Aristotle said we like "those like ourselves ... of our own race or country or age or family, and generally those who are on our own level." Which of the following concepts best represents Aristotle's statement?

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Similarity and attraction XXXGroup identification preference

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Arguing Western civilization derives from the black African influence on Egyptian civilization is a bolder form of __________.

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Afrocentrism

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Mills states that an issue is a public matter when it is __________.

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intricately connected to the larger historical context of society

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Underrepresenting non-European material in textbooks and classes exemplifies __________.

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Eurocentrism

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An __________ is a person who is a member of both dominant and minority groups.

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American white woman who is a Buddhist

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There are very few studies that examine the how much people like those who are similar in appearance to them.

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False

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Social identity theory explains that

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the ingroup almost automatically views the outgroup as inferior

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The main focus or unit of analysis for sociologists is the __________.

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group

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Variation in physical differences such as body build, hair texture, and skin color is due in part to __________.

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XXXbiological race XXXXevolutionary physical adaptation

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Racism __________.

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Is a human invention XXXprevails when people believe that a small group of races is superior in some aspects to others

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Despite the removal of more assimilated groups and the addition of less assimilated groups to the list in 2001, __________.

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XXXno significant differences were found XXXthe upward trend in social distance continued

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__________ is a historical example of ethnocentrism.

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The "white man's burden" in England

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Studying race and ethnic relations is __________.

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difficult because the subject defies a logical or scientific explanation

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Dominique whistled at her brother to get his attention. Dominique is using __________.

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paralinguistic signals XXXvocal communication

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Erik, who is white, has recently purchased his first house. In an effort to ensure his property value would stay high, he looked for the best neighborhood he could afford in the best school system. As it turned out, his neighborhood was nearly all white. This is an example of __________.

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social discrimination

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Milton Gordon's ethclass groupings represent __________.

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the subsocieties resulting from the intersection of ethnicity and social class

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Lacking the same standard of living compared to most members of society is called __________.

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XXXpoverty XXXvalue-deficiency

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Statements such as "African Americans are good musicians" and "Asians are good engineers" support the fact that stereotypes __________.

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can sometimes be positive

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Researchers note that whites tend to categorize __________.

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lower-class blacks by race

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Aronson and Osherow's experiments on the jigsaw method __________.

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enhanced peer liking and successfully taught content

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According to economic-competition theory, __________.

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in times of high unemployment, nativist movements against minorities have flourished XXXmany working class and middle class whites feel threatened by Asians entering their socioeconomic group

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Which of the following is an example of self-justification.

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Puritans burning witches, whose refusal to confess "proved they were evil."

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Studies measuring the impact of television on children's attitudes indicate __________.

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significant correlations between amount of television viewed and children's attitudes

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Linguistic relativity of language means that every race has its own language.

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False

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_________ is a basic U.S. value.

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Freedom

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Relationships between majority and minority groups are influenced by differences in culture, as well as __________.

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structural conditions

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Technological improvements in communication and transportation __________.

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may actually delay assimilation XXXaccelerate the assimilation process because they make for a smaller world

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In 2012, how many athletic director positions did white males hold at Football Bowl Subdivision schools?

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92 XXX62

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Alfred had no prejudices towards Blacks but when his friends make derogatory comments to Black kids he does nothing to stop them. Alfred is a(n) __________.

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unprejudiced discriminator XXXunprejudiced nondiscriminator

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Stereotypes can be positive or negative.

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True

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As the text suggests, white values and behavior patterns might be unrealized by group members because __________.

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the values and behaviors are taken-for-granted

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__________ is an example of material culture.

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Money

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When children are treated harshly they may grow up and displace their aggression on those who are less powerful.

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True

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Ralph Linton calculated that any given culture contains about 90 percent borrowed elements.

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True

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Megan has recently joined a white supremacy group in order to try and do something about her beliefs that nonwhites are inferior races. Megan is a(n) __________.

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active bigot

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An ascribed status is one that someone has given to us as a gift.

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False

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Which of the following is a social or economic condition that would likely foster conflict between minority groups?

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Stagnant economy

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Miranda is Catholic and her family has lived in the same working class neighborhood in Boston for four generations. Miranda could be considered to be part of a(n) __________.

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dominant class

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In advertising and music, __________.

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characters enjoy more prominence and exercise more authority if they are white males

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The basic U.S. value of __________ is at odds with the value of "individualism."

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XXXprogress XXXefficiency

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Harry meets the criteria for Adorno's authoritarian personality, therefore he is probably __________.

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lower class

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What feature of language may connote both intended and unintended prejudicial meanings?

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Linguistic relativity

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While divided on preferences based on race and gender (blacks less in opposition than whites), most Americans seemed eager to support affirmative action based on economic class.

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True

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Students who sit quietly in class and take careful notes are fulfilling societal expectations of behavior, which are called __________.

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norms

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Malik thinks that if we truly want to have racial equality at some point in this country, we need to have institutions which are racially diverse in order to give all races an equal chance. He would support __________ programs.

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XXXafrocentric

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Which group illustrates a persistent subculture?

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Amish

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Talcott Parsons developed a concept that linked the psychological and sociological aspects of frustration-aggression called __________.

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XXXcultural irritation

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George is trying to understand prejudice. His professor tells him to consider that __________.

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prejudice may be the result of frustration XXXprejudice can only be negative XXXprejudice exists on seven distinct levels

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In convergent subcultures we tend to see __________.

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a gradual assimilation process

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Affirmative action originated with an executive order by President __________.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

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Michael sees a strong correlation between a group's economic position and the intensity of negative interactions with the dominant society. Michael's views are in line with __________ theory.

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conflict

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What is a core cause of the "tangle of psychology" in black communities?

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Family deterioration XXXWelfare dependency

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__________ is a type of ethnophaulism?

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Disparaging nicknames

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The process by which we learn and internalize prejudicial attitudes about others is called __________.

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socialization

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__________ is a paralinguistic signal.

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Whistling at someone of the opposite sex

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he statement, "She didn't deserve that promotion, I did," is directly related to economic competition concept.

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False

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__________ would likely lead to culture shock.

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Not understanding the slang used by people around you

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Holden believes that all races are equal and goes out of his way to support programs and legislation that are aimed at achieving social equality even if it costs him money and/or job opportunities. He is a(n) __________.

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all-weather liberal

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When __________ it is an example of prejudice.

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XXXMs. Y says "I don't really care about minorities at all."

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Convergent subcultures come together to create a brand new culture.

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false

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In prime-time ads, __________.

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XXXhere is a multi-dimensional view of people of color as key consumers XXXXAsians appear in ads for upscale beauty or home products XXXpeople of color appear in ads for low-cost, low-nutrition products

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What do sociologists call a minority group's establishment of its own clubs, organizations, stores, churches, newspapers, and schools?

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XXXSubcultural networking XXXParallel social institutions

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Social discrimination means the unequal treatment of subordinate groups inherent in the ongoing operations of society's institutions.

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XXXTrue

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Gary runs a bank. He is only interested in giving loans to people with an excellent credit history. As a result, he ends up loaning to very few racial minorities. Gary is participating in __________ even if he is not aware of it.

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institutional discrimination

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One function of telling an ethnic joke is __________.

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challenging stereotypes

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When people create meaning and significance in life through the use of language or symbols, they are creating __________.

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nonmaterial culture

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The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 __________.

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XXXplaced a five year limit on government assistance XXXacknowledged that most living in poverty also have jobs

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When Juan arrived in Milan he was surprised to find that people drank wine during working lunches. This is an example of __________.

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culture shock

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The Thomas Theorem states that __________.

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if people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

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As the U.S. experienced a slow-growth economy, affirmative action __________.

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was viewed negatively by the public

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The culture of poverty refers to __________.

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cultural traits of the poor transmitted from one generation to the next, creating a perpetual underclass

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Joe's family has had uneven experiences in their new country with some people having tremendous success while others who immigrated are stuck in ethnic enclaves and have enjoyed very little prosperity, lending support for __________ theory.

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XXXpaternalism iXXXmmigrant assimilation XXXinternal-colonialism

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The contact hypothesis strongly emphasizes __________ as a path toward reducing prejudice

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having outgroup friends

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Frustration-aggression theory __________.

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XXXhighlights the role of culture

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__________ represents a minority-against-minority clash over limited resources.

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The 19th-Century race-baiting riots on the West Coast

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According to Robert Merton, discrimination against a particular group is __________.

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not always the result of prejudice

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The fact that cultures owe a substantial debt to other cultures because of the spread of ideas, inventions, and practices is called __________.

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XXXcross-cultural impregnation XXXcultural transmission

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__________ is a key focus of the sociological approach to studying prejudice.

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Self-justification

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Prejudice __________.

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XXXoften arose even before groups came into contact

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Attitudes about a group may result from people's value judgments about social class.

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True

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Prejudice is __________.

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XXXan abnormal human attribute

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The Bakke decision __________.

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XXXdisallowed the use of quotas and race for college admissions

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Jeremy knows very little about his family's heritage, and as a fourth generation Irish-American, most people simply assume he is a white American. It is safe to say that Jeremy's family has been __________.

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acculturated

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When talking with his friends, Jimmy states that "Jews are intrusive and acquisitive." Jimmy's statements are an example of __________.

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cognitive prejudice

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Denigrating another group to justify our maltreatment of them is called __________.

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self-justification

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Jennifer believes in racial equality, but she does not do much to actively support efforts aimed at racial equality and she still makes decisions that negatively impact minorities. She is a(n) __________.

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fair-weather liberal

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The reputational method involves __________.

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asking people how they thought others compared to them

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The average American watches three years' worth of television ads during the course of a lifetime.

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True

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Cultural differentiation refers to __________.

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the differences that are present between two cultures

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According to the concept of "persistent subcultures," all ethnic groups avoid any assimilation with the dominant culture.

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False

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Stereotypes __________.

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deny individuals the right to be judged and treated on the basis of their own personal merit

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With respect to parenting style, authoritarian personality theory reports __________.

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a correlation between early childhood experiences and the development of a prejudiced personality

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According to the text, recognizing a "white culture" would likely __________.

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XXXpromote the idea of a single "American" culture

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A sociological understanding of social norms stresses that __________.

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XXXby learning and automatically accepting the prevailing prejudices, an individual is simply conforming to social norms

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Barry believes that most poor people are caught in a cycle where they end up developing bad habits and belief systems which keep them in poverty. He is a supporter of Moynihan's interpretation of the __________ theory.

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culture of poverty

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Racial profiling is __________.

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prejudiced

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Culture is __________.

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shared

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An excellent example of economic competition breeding conflict is that of the __________.

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Chinese

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Talcott Parsons provided one bridge between psychology and sociology by introducing what concept as a variable in frustration-aggression theory?

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social forces

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What did the first "Droodle" represent?

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A bear climbing a tree

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__________ is one of the four social categories proposed by Milton Gordon that play a part in forming ethclasses.

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Religion

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Juanita blames her little brother for her failure to do her chores, but her brother was not even home. Juanita is clearly engaging in __________.

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scapegoating

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The generally shared rules defining what is and is not proper behavior in one's culture is/are __________.

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social norms

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When minorities move out of their neighborhood but still feel outside the societal mainstream, this is an example of __________.

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marginality

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When a labor market splits along ethnic lines, racial and ethnic stereotyping is a key factor in labor conflict.

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True

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Defiant actions are __________.

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sometimes peaceful

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__________ is the formula for explaining the amalgamation (melting-pot) theory.

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A+B+C=D

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Deviance among minority-group members is __________.

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often due to poverty and lack of opportunity

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Julie has been afraid of all Middle Easterners ever since 9/11. This is an example of __________.

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xenophobia

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The nineteenth-century German immigrants were __________.

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XXXmostly political refugees living in the eastern cities

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Most immigrant groups were forced to live in substandard housing. What was a typical response of dominant society?

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Condemnation of the immigrants for living as they did

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Which former president sought to return to office on the Know-Nothing ticket?

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Millard Fillmore

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When a labor market splits along ethnic lines, employers __________.

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XXXactively manipulate the situation to keep the groups integrated

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Pretzels, kindergarten, and Pabst all were originated in the United States by German immigrants.

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True

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The Industrial Revolution brought rapid expansion to the New England factories.

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True

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Middleman minorities are __________.

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XXXmembers of a racial group other than the dominant group

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__________ is one of the French population segments identified in the text.

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Settlers in Louisiana

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What was the nature of the attacks launched on immigrants by Presidents Roosevelt and Wilson, prior to World War I?

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Immigrants were chided to stop being "hyphenated Americans".

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According to Bonacich, how might higher-paid groups respond in a split-labor market?

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If the higher-paid labor group is strong enough, it may be able to block the cheaper competition through exclusion.

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Which of the following is an example of Anglo-Conformity?

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Using schools to socialize all children into Anglo-Saxon culture.

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Margaret's departure from her homeland to the United States filled her with hope and anxiety, illustrating how the transition to a new land is a(n) __________ decision.

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emotional

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Contrasts among Dutch, Quaker, and Puritan responses to cultural pluralism illustrate the __________ perspective.

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XXXfunctionalist

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The Intelligence Project identifies __________ as a hate group.

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the Nation of Islam

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Arguing against the nativist position in 1852, a Massachusetts senator argued that the __________.

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XXXnativists were being bigoted XXXnativists needed to recognize that they, too, were once immigrants

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__________a legislative effort to control a minority.

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Jim Crow Laws were

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Following 1820, shipmasters were required to __________.

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submit a passenger list to custom officials

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During the Colonial Period religious differences caused social problems more frequently than nationality differences.

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True

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Calling Jews "clannish" when they went to their own resorts after being denied access to public resorts illustrates __________.

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the vicious circle

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Early German immigrants settled in __________.

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Pennsylvania

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Acceptance maintains the superior position of the dominant group, the subordinate position of the minority group and __________.

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diminishes conflict between the two groups XXXeases the passage of the next group of minorities into mainstream society

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Push factors describe the motivation behind emigration to a new location.

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True

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Tommy has made progress toward fitting in with the dominant group but he hasn't completely broken away from his minority group. More likely than not Tommy is bound to feel __________.

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marginalized

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Split labor market theory holds that __________.

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ethnic antagonism is specifically produced by the competition from a wage differential

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The increase of hate groups in the 2000's is driven by __________.

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XXXa weakened U.S. economy

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How can employers persuade a group to work for a lower price?

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By tempting another group coming from a more favorable economic resource position.

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Federalist action toward the increasing foreign-born population took the form of __________.

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legislative actions

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A group that is denied the ability to fully participate in mainstream society, such as African slaves in the U.S., will typically forge their own identity.

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True

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The Alien and Sedition Acts were designed to encourage political activity by pro-French immigrants.

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False

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__________ has contributed the greatest number of immigrants to the United States.

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XXIreland

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A common reason for defiance as a minority response is __________.

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XXXdifferent cultural norms

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The accommodation (pluralistic) theory __________.

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recognizes the persistence of racial diversity where the government adopted multiculturalism policy XXXsuggests that only in the institution of religion did minority groups alter the national culture

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__________ helps to explain the ethnic antagonism in the workplace.

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Split or dual labor theory

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Everyday ethnicity eventually yields to assimilation over the generations.

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True

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Hector believes that race and ethnicity shouldn't matter because we are all Americans and we've created our own unique culture that all immigrants should participate in. He is a proponent of __________ theory.

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XXXanglo-conformity

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The greatest number of U.S. hate crimes result from __________ bias.

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Race

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The civic culture included strong beliefs in __________.

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XXXSocialism XXXCommunism

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Expulsion __________.

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is an effort to remove a problem rather than resolve it

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People of color typically affirm their identity and heritage by __________.

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XXXadopting slogans

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Acceptance as a minority response is less common in the United States than it once was.

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True

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__________ was a societal reaction to the Irish presence in the nineteenth-century.

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The burning of Irish Catholic houses of worship

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__________ is an example of deviance.

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Sit-in demonstration

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Federalist reaction to French and Irish immigrants illustrates which theory?

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XXXXInternal colonialism

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In the 19th century, women __________.

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had lives full of work and inequality

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Which push factor was responsible for the majority of German immigrants?

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Political

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The building of a society when large groups of people arrive to forge a civilization on undeveloped land is best understood with the __________ perspective.

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XXXXinternal colonialism

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The expulsion of religious dissident Roger Williams from the Massachusetts colony led to the founding in 1639 of which denomination in Rhode Island?

answer

Baptist

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Segregation, whether spatial or social, may be voluntary or involuntary.

answer

True

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Between 1820 and 2011, about how many British people moved to the United States?

answer

XXX2.9 million

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Mainstream Americans often tolerate pluralism only as a short-term phenomenon, believing that sustained pluralism is the enemy of assimilation, a threat to the cohesiveness of U.S. society.

answer

True

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Many Federalists believed that the large foreign-born population was the root of all evil in the United States. This is __________.

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scapegoating

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The nation's inability to absorb quickly the large numbers of Germans and Irish, resulting in a temporary societal disruption, illustrates which theory?

answer

Functionalist XXXSplit labor market

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The "German Triangle" consisted of Cincinnati, Milwaukee and __________.

answer

St.louis

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When a labor market splits along ethnic lines, __________.

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it fuels anti-immigration sentiments

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During the colonial period, one of the most frequent causes of social problems was __________.

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religion

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Irish conflicts with Blacks, Chinese, and Germans all illustrate which theory?

answer

Split labor market

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__________ is one of the factors that lowers the price of labor.

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XXXLimited language skills and customs

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Deviant behavior among minority groups occurs because of race or ethnicity.

answer

False

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Urban living conditions, particularly among the poor Irish immigrants, were substandard.

answer

True

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__________ is a cause of conflict between minority groups.

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Seeing the other as gaining an unfair advantage

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The Federalists were strongly pro-French during the early stages of the French Revolution.

answer

False (They were pro British)

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Sojourners immigrated to America to earn money and then returned to their native land after a year or two.

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True

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The 1973 Wounded Knee incident illustrates which minority-response pattern?

answer

Defiance

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A "No Trespassing" sign would most likely be found in which culture?

answer

European-American

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Polish peasants viewed education as a waste of time. After the second generation, though, Poles __________.

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XXXbegan experimenting with homeschooling XXXtrailed behind other groups in terms of upward mobility

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__________ was/were a hindrance to upward mobility for Italian immigrants?

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The decision of many families to remain in a Little Italy for long periods of time XXXDominant group acceptance

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The major problem with the Bureau of Indian Affairs dealing with Native Americans is that __________.

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XXXthe organization is not large enough to handle the many different tribes XXXXno Native Americans are in leadership positions within the organization

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The Dillingham Commission recommended what dominant group response pattern?

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XXXXForced assimilation

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The epithet "honky" evolved from an ethnophaulism for what group?

answer

Hungarians

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Franklin's account of the Indian response to the offer of scholarships for educating Indian youth at Williamsburg illustrates __________.

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different value orientations

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Native Americans first learned about scalping from white settlers.

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True

question

A recent proposal suggested that many reservations be used as __________.

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toxic dumping grounds XXXindependent municipalities

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Gypsies have kept their tribal codes and morals virtually unchanged in an urbanized and industrialized society by __________.

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remaining outside educational institutions

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__________ likely slowed upward mobility for Slavic immigrants.

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Child labor XXXTheir backgrounds in factory labor

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__________ was a migration "pull" factor in the 1800s

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Job opportunities in industrial America

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What is the approximate percentage difference between all races and Native Americans for motor vehicle accident deaths?

answer

XXX2% XXX6%

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The study of Polish Americans by Thomas and Znaniecki showed that delinquency, divorce, prostitution, and crime were the result of __________.

answer

XXXa strong desire to assimilate

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The median age at death of Aborigines in Australia is 53.

answer

True

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The Trail of Tears refers to the deadly expulsion of the __________.

answer

Cherokee

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The Johnson-Reed Act of 1924 was much less restrictive than The National Origins Quota Act of 1921.

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False

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The immigrants from southern, central and eastern Europe arrived in large enough numbers to be able to preserve some of their old-country culture.

answer

True

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Working conditions from 1880-1920 included __________.

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long hours and low wages

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The Pan-Indian movement has been of limited success primarily because of __________.

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XXXweak leadership XXXgovernment resistance XXXXreservations scattered among many states

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Today, third and fourth generation Italian Americans are __________.

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attending colleges and universities in large numbers

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Belief that a wrong had to be repaid, even if it took years, but not to a greater degree is called __________.

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retributive justice XXXnoncompetitive revenge

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The Haymarket affair resulted in __________.

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12 people being sentenced to death

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__________ identifies the status of second-generation Italian-Americans prior to 1940.

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Marginality XXXapid upward mobility

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For the Indians, cultural diffusion usually meant __________.

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less self-sufficiency

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__________ would be likely in the Gypsy subculture.

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Posing as another ethnicity to evade authorities

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Many Italians participated in __________ patterns.

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shuttle migration

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Many Russian Americans who had worked hard to achieve some economic security in the United States found themselves jobless and unable to find work after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917.

answer

True

question

Gypsies in the United States today can be described best as __________.

answer

a persistent subculture

question

The most serious resource shortage for many Western tribes is __________.

answer

water

question

__________ is/are identified in recent studies as a suicide risk factor for Native American youth.

answer

XXXA lack of firearm safety

question

Efforts to overcome chronic unemployment among Native Americans now emphasize __________.

answer

attracting light industry and business to reservations XXXincreasing tourism to reservations

question

Which of the following could be reasonably drawn from the textbook's account of the Cherokee westward expulsion?

answer

XXXThat ethnic pluralism has been a dominant culture value throughout American history. XXXThat the Cherokee were uninterested in assimilating with European American culture.

question

An important social center for the Greek community was the __________.

answer

coffeehouse

question

The 1911 Dillingham report concluded that __________.

answer

XXXAll immigration should be restricted, without exception

question

A gemeinschaft society is regulated by custom and habit.

answer

True

question

According to Benjamin Franklin's account, which of the following did the Iroquois consider to be elements of European education?

answer

XXXKnowledge of cabin building

question

Before European colonization, approximately how many Native Americans lived in what would become the United States?

answer

XXXBetween one and six million

question

What are identified in the text as "the basic building blocks" of Native American societies?

answer

Kin relationships

question

__________ might have drawn second-generation Italian adults to la via nuova.

answer

XXXFamily traditions

question

Native Americans experienced __________ from the dominant group.

answer

segregation

question

In 1880-1920, migration "push" factors included __________.

answer

famine and poverty

question

Unrestrained displays of affection or temper and the use of corporal punishment have rarely been part of __________ child-care practices.

answer

Native American XXXEuropean

question

The median age for Native American males is about __________ than the median age in the U.S. population.

answer

XXXthree years younger XXXthree years older XXXsix years older

question

The Displaced Persons Act called for the expulsion of any immigrant without familial ties in America.

answer

False

question

As a result of Congress's termination of sovereign nation status for Native American tribes, __________ became responsible for the welfare of Native Americans.

answer

XXinter-tribal councils

question

Approximately what percentage of the Mississippi Choctow perished in their march to Oklahoma?

answer

25%

question

The Alcatraz Proclamation was a __________.

answer

sarcastic commentary on forced assimilation and reservation life

question

Native American children grow up under the encouragement and discipline of the extended family, not just the nuclear family.

answer

True

question

Native Americans who leave their reservations and move to urban areas tend to be more successful than their peers who remain on the reservations.

answer

False

question

Use of an immigrant quota system ended when Congress passed the __________.

answer

Immigration and Nationality Act

question

The Indian Removal Act recommended that all Native Americans in the northwestern states be relocated to the southeastern states.

answer

False

question

Hungarians became prominent through their __________.

answer

participation in labor unrest

question

__________ was a Cherokee effort to attain assimilation.

answer

XXXThe burning of sawmills

question

Whites viewing Native Americans as cruel, treacherous, lying, dirty heathens is an example of __________.

answer

self-justification

question

Italian immigrants continued to stress the value of __________.

answer

family cohesion

question

The turning point when the total of immigrants from northern and western Europe was surpassed by the total from South, Central and Eastern Europe occurred in __________.

answer

XXX1901

question

The Civil Rights Movement __________.

answer

inspired Native Americans

question

Immigrants following the Bolshevik Revolution were most likely to be __________.

answer

XXXworking class people

question

Based on the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011, approximately what percentage of American Indians own their homes?

answer

XXX35%

question

Urban Native Americans __________.

answer

XXXtend to settle in ethnic enclaves as have most immigrant groups

question

The Haymarket Affair in 1886 set in motion which dominant group response pattern?

answer

Xenophobia

question

The education of Native-Americans __________.

answer

XXXwill enable the next generation to enter the mainstream

question

In a larger context, the fundamental difference in values that separate European Americans from Native Americans is that European Americans __________.

answer

see the world from a linear perspective

question

__________ was a part of the argument for Anglo-conformity in the excerpt from an early 20th century educator.

answer

That new immigrants were taking jobs from Americans

question

Why did the U.S. Supreme Court deny the Cherokee the right to sue Georgia?

answer

The Cherokee were not considered a foreign nation.

question

The General Allotment Act of 1887 attempted to __________.

answer

end communal ownership of Indian lands and encourage private ownership

question

Other than Russia, which country has led all former-Soviet republics in U.S. immigration since 1992?

answer

Ukraine

question

Between 1820 and 1900, fewer than __________ immigrants came to the U.S. from India

answer

800 XXX750

question

An important component of adjustment, acceptance, and assimilation is__________.

answer

length of U.S. residence

question

Asian Indians have a __________.

answer

significantly lower birth rate than any other Asian group XXXsimilar birth rate to other Asian groups XXXsimilar birth rate to other Asian groups XXXhigher birth rate than any other Asian group

question

Some ethnophaulisms about the Chinese dealt with perceptions of them being __________,

answer

dirty

question

Cambodians and Laotians, like the Vietnamese, came from the area of Southeast Asia formerly colonized and administered by England.

answer

False

question

Asian Indians in the early twentieth century experienced __________.

answer

racial prejudice XXXXforced assimilation

question

Arab Americans are more likely to be married than the total U.S. population.

answer

True

question

Most Palestinian Americans are __________.

answer

Muslim

question

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is significant because __________.

answer

it was the first federal legislation against a particular race of immigrants

question

Chinese immigrants utilized the minority group response of __________ when they formed Chinatowns.

answer

segregation

question

Japanese-Americans' emphasis on conformity, aspiration, competitiveness, discipline, and self-control has resulted in __________.

answer

better school performance than other American students

question

With respect to the Asian American populations __________.

answer

the Chinese is the largest population

question

A "push" factor spurring early Japanese migration was__________.

answer

primogeniture XXXpolitical unrest XXXreligious persecution

question

Malik and his immediate family came to the United States a few years ago. They have managed to carve out a nice, middle class lifestyle that they could never have imagined for themselves in their home country. Over the course of letters and phone calls, they convince some of their friends and extended family to come as well. This is a pattern known as __________ migration.

answer

chain

question

A __________ would stress the undercurrents of resentment and tension against the visible presence of nonwestern minorities and their successes.

answer

conflict theorist XXXinteractionist

question

Why did most Egyptians leave Egypt?

answer

Economics and educational reasons XXXPolitical and religious reasons XXXPolitical unrest

question

Anti-Turkish sentiment in the United States prior to World War I was due primarily to__________.

answer

XXXXanti-American actions in Turkey XXXthe heroin traffic from Turkish poppy fields XXXTurkish support of the Russian pogroms

question

High levels of church involvement among Korean immigrants was the result of __________.

answer

XXXreligious beliefs XXXstronger religious foundations

question

Chinatowns today are __________.

answer

growing larger than in earlier years

question

Syrian adjustment, acceptance, and upward mobility were fairly rapid because of their __________.

answer

wide dispersal which negated any significant opposition to their presence

question

Early Korean immigrants were recruited by the __________.

answer

Hawaii Sugar Planters' Association

question

For Asian Indians, __________.

answer

the Asian-Indian population in the U.S. has increased dramatically in recent years

question

The local and regional association that helps Palestinian immigrants adjust to life in the United States is called the__________.

answer

American Federation of Ramallah

question

Turkish emigration to the United States was low because__________.

answer

Turkish law barred any emigrant from ever returning

question

Mexicans and Central Americans are increasingly visible as employees in Korean-owned-businesses in metropolitan cities. This is an example of minority-minority relations.

answer

True

question

Which state historically provided the most opportunity and protection for Asian immigrants?

answer

Hawaii

question

Asian Indians did not experience dominant group aggression as other Asian groups had.

answer

false

question

__________was/were often a push factor for nonwestern immigrants.

answer

XXXJob opportunities

question

Arab Americans appear to be generally unconcerned about racial differences in the United States.

answer

True

question

Generally, traditional Asian values emphasized __________.

answer

strict control of aggressive or assertive impulses

question

The largest concentration of Palestinian Americans is in __________.

answer

Chicago XXXAtlanta

question

Which of the following presents the conflict view of ethnic competition for jobs?

answer

Blacks in Harlem and Brooklyn urging boycotts of Korean stores

question

Immigration legislation after 1965__________.

answer

allowed more non-Western immigrants to gain approval to migrate

question

In what ways do Jewish Israeli immigrants maintain their identity?

answer

Remain active in Israeli organizations

question

Since the Immigration Act of 1965, Filipino immigration has __________.

answer

been quite high

question

__________ theory explains ethnic conflict as economic exploitation of minority groups.

answer

Conflict

question

What two metropolitan areas account for approximately half of all Israeli Jews living in the U.S.?

answer

New York City and Los Angeles

question

__________ assimilation is much more likely for Arab Americans to the extent that they have lived in the U.S. for a long time, were younger at the age of immigration, and are Christian.

answer

Structural

question

How long do most sojourners remain in the U.S.?

answer

2 to 5 years XXXX1 year

question

The Chinese first came to the United States during the California gold rush in the 1850s.

answer

True

question

In an Iraqi community in the Detroit area, Sengstock found __________.

answer

XXXa persistent subculture despite changes in the homeland XXXXa village-oriented community nestled in an urban region

question

__________ is a current pattern in Asian-American assimilation.

answer

High residential segregation

question

Syrian males usually came alone and then sent for their wives and children.

answer

True

question

__________explains ethnic struggles as economic exploitation of minority groups.

answer

Conflict theory

question

The occupation of __________ helped speed up Syrian acculturation.

answer

peddling

question

Most Palestinian Americans are Hindus.

answer

False (Muslim is the primary religion)

question

Settlement patterning of recent Arab immigrants tends to be__________.

answer

widespread and in loose clusters XXXin rural and suburban areas XXXXin tight clusters in the inner city

question

The term "inscrutable" is __________.

answer

XXXused almost exclusively to describe Hispanics, especially the Mexican and Puerto Rico immigrants XXXa way of describing the lack of acculturation and assimilation of minority groups

question

Most Egyptian Americans __________.

answer

XXXdo not marry outside their ethnic community

question

The split-labor-market theory belongs to __________.

answer

conflict theory

question

In the early 20th century, migrants from India were __________.

answer

XXXmiddle class XXXprofessionally trained XXXcollege educated

question

Which Asian immigrants first came to the United States during the California gold rush in the 1850s?

answer

Chinese

question

New Filipino arrivals tend to have better educational and occupational skills than most of their ethnic cohorts born in the United States.

answer

True

question

Many Iranians kept to themselves for fear of__________.

answer

the SAVAK XXXreligious persecution

question

Many of today's Arab Americans are less sophisticated than other middle-class U.S. citizens.

answer

False

question

"Little Arabia" is located in Dearborn, Michigan.

answer

True

question

The Hmong __________.

answer

XXXidentify with a national identity XXXtechnically are Laotians

question

It was not until the passage of the __________ that the Chinese were able to enter the United States under regular immigration regulations.

answer

Immigration Act of 1965

question

Legislators in all 50 states passed laws against miscegenation to prevent Asians from marrying whites.

answer

False

question

Predominantly Arab nations are political enemies of the United States.

answer

False

question

Today's second-generation Iranian Americans are mostly__________.

answer

born to middle-class professional parents

question

Many Japanese settled in rural areas instead of urban regions because __________.

answer

labor union hostility prevented their finding much work in the cities

question

Israeli Americans typically experience a smoother transition to American life than any other immigrant group.

answer

True

question

Iranian immigration, which peaked in the 1980s, __________.

answer

dropped in the 1990's before picking up again in the 2000s XXXXmore than doubled the number from the 1970s

question

The Filipinos did not establish the support institutions usually found in immigrant communities.

answer

True

question

__________ was a major social problem affecting most Asian immigrants up through the 1940s.

answer

Shortage of women

question

Bias-motivated hate crimes against Pacific Americans have __________.

answer

XXXremained virtually non-existent XXXremained at about the same moderate level XXXXremained virtually non-existent

question

Television __________.

answer

continues to promote traditional sex stereotypes XXXsignificantly improved its realistic portrayal of women

question

Jim Crow Laws __________.

answer

reflected southern states' embracing the notion of separate but equal upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson

question

Asians tend to have __________ than/as Hispanics

answer

XXXless egalitarian sex roles XXXfewer sex roles

question

Language may subconsciously encourage racial prejudgment __________.

answer

of the negative connotations of some

question

Compared to Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans __________.

answer

have a lower proportion living in poverty

question

Most Africans who arrived in America from 1619 until 1808 immigrated unwillingly.

answer

True

question

The 1960s sit-ins and freedom rides are examples of which minority response pattern?

answer

Defiance

question

Women have the highest employment rate among __________.

answer

speech pathologists

question

Hispanics generally have a more casual attitude toward time than do others in the United States.

answer

True

question

In the second half of the 19th century, Mexicans from south of the border helped fill U.S. labor needs for the construction of railroad lines and the expansion of cotton, fruit, and vegetable farms.

answer

True

question

Minority women encounter prejudice and discrimination on what two fronts?

answer

Race and gender

question

Who is associated with the Brown Berets?

answer

David Sanchez XXXCesar Chavez

question

The major criticism against using intelligence testing to compare the capabilities of races is __________.

answer

the presumption that genetic factors explain differences in scores

question

Mexican Americans may be described as __________.

answer

diverse in values, socioeconomic status, and assimilation

question

The term "mommy track" refers to the __________.

answer

choice working women make to put family ahead of career XXXreality that most mothers also work at a paying job

question

In 1944, Myrdal noted a parallel between the position of women and blacks in U.S. society.

answer

True

question

In Puerto Rico, as in all Latin American countries, an individual's identity, importance, and security depend on __________.

answer

family membership XXXmigration patterns

question

Previously, many women of color who were legal scholars__________.

answer

felt excluded by white feminist legal scholars

question

What is the main "hot button" issue that that triggers nativists' ire more than any other ethnic manifestation by Hispanics?

answer

Extensive use of the Spanish language

question

The bracero program encouraged American-born Hispanics to sponsor recent immigrants to the United States.

answer

False

question

Their __________ helps Palestinians living in the United States maintain their ethnic identity.

answer

XXXcultural institute program XXXpriests and churches XXXlanguage

question

The term used for the gradual replacement in a neighborhood of one group by another is__________.

answer

XXXXgradated sequencing

question

The differences in the Japanese experience in Hawaii and on the mainland are best understood by recognizing __________.

answer

the differences in structural discrimination

question

In 1923, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that Asian Indians were__________.

answer

non-white and ineligible for citizenship XXXeligible for citizenship

question

In explaining what her life as an immigrant is like to her U.S. friends, Shariz stresses the importance of the __________, which serves a religious purpose, an educational purpose, a social purpose and acts as a kind of social service agency.

answer

mosque

question

What percentage of Arab Americans have a post graduate degree?

answer

17%

question

The self-employment rate of Korean Americans is the highest of all ethnic or racial groups.

answer

True

question

__________ brought an end to the forcible detention of the Japanese in 1945.

answer

XXXKorematsu v. United States of America

question

Nearly all the early Asian Indian immigrants were Sikh males.

answer

True

question

In terms of median income, Arab men earn an average of __________ more than the national median for all males.

answer

$4500 XXX$3000

question

__________ is a social dysfunction that Asian immigrants experienced in the 18th and 19th century.

answer

Negative legislation against Asian immigrants

question

The Syrian and Lebanese speak Arabic, and the Sinai Egyptians identify themselves as Syrian.

answer

True

question

Koreans have utilized __________ to successfully immigrate to the United States.

answer

sojourning XXXchain-migration

question

One way the Gentlemen's Agreement improved the personal lives of U.S. Japanese was __________.

answer

giving permission for wives to enter the United States XXXthe liberalization of immigration regulations

question

Greater acculturation appears to be associated positively with satisfaction with life in the U.S. for Arabs but negatively associated with family satisfaction.

answer

True

question

A very recent example of deviance in the Chinese community is __________.

answer

XXXtongs XXXgambling

question

For Asian and white Americans it is generally true that __________.

answer

Asian poverty level is lower than that of the white population

question

A common social center for working-class Palestinian Americans is the__________.

answer

local coffeehouse

question

For recent ethnic tensions __________.

answer

the fear of further terrorist attacks and racial profiling add to underlying tension

question

After the Gentlemen's Agreement Act of 1908 curtailed Japanese emigration, the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association recruited laborers from __________.

answer

the Philippines XXXVietnam

question

Interaction surveys of Americans and nonwestern newcomers in professional, managerial, or technical fields show__________.

answer

XXXextensive social distance for Africans but not Asians XXXXmuch less social distance than in past years

question

Most Iranians living in the United States in the late 1970s were__________.

answer

XXXXpolitical refugees

question

Many of today's professional Arab immigrants do not fit past acculturation patterns because they__________.

answer

XXXXdo not fit into theories about behavior in the western world

question

Syrian-Lebanese assimilation is nearly complete because they now have __________, which is what Milton Gordon calls the last stage of assimilation.

answer

XXXrepresentation in all jobs and professions

question

In what ways were Asian immigrants in the United States similar to the first European immigrants?

answer

When encountering hostile natives, they chose to settle in homogenous communities near their port of entry.

question

Iranian Americans experiencing mixed feelings about no longer living in the homeland call themselves __________.

answer

belataklif

question

__________ explains ethnic riots as a social dysfunction.

answer

Functionalist theory

question

The idea of a model minority creates a harmful and unrealistic example for the dominant group to use as a cudgel to blame others for their difficulties in achieving success.

answer

True

question

Which state was brought into the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo at the End of the Mexican-American War?

answer

XXXUtah (California tambien)

question

The National Commission on Civil Disorders said a major cause of the 1960s riots was/were __________.

answer

police practices

question

Sexual bias in schools __________.

answer

continues to exist

question

In Latin American countries, __________.

answer

social class, not race, is the primary basis for differential treatment.

question

The measurable impact of the massive civil rights legislation was its __________.

answer

provision of equal life opportunities for African Americans

question

__________ has the highest percentage of Hispanic residents.

answer

Miami XXXHouston

question

What groups have low intermarriage rates with non-Hispanics?

answer

Dominicans and Puerto Ricans

question

The __________ had implications far beyond slavery as it produced a system which replicated social inferiority throughout generations.

answer

master-slave social system XXXJim Crow laws

question

The sanctuary movement that hid Salvadoran refugees from immigration officials involved __________.

answer

Catholic clergy and parishioners

question

The status of Asian American women rises with their level of education and degree of Americanization.

answer

True

question

Occupations overwhelmingly filled by women are often called __________ jobs.

answer

pink collar

question

"Repatriation" and "Operation Wetback" are examples of __________ efforts.

answer

XXXforced assimilation XXXself-justification XXXAmericanization

question

The value of Marianismo might be expressed in a Hispanic female's decision to prevent her husband from trying to dominate her.

answer

False

question

__________ is the field of study that has the largest number of female bachelor's degree earners.

answer

Health professions

question

In fields of study in college today, we find__________.

answer

males significantly outnumbering females in engineering and physical sciences XXXfemales outnumbering males in the sciences

question

Wilson maintains that denial of upward mobility to the black poor results from __________.

answer

social class barriers that limit life chances

question

African immigrants and black Americans __________.

answer

seldom interact because of the cultural differences

question

Puerto Ricans became U.S. nationals in 1898 when the Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish-American War.

answer

True

question

Opponents of slavery reparations argued that __________.

answer

XXXthe statute of limitations has not expired XXXunlike other reparation payments, no victims are alive today

question

What was the difference between other ethnic groups and African immigrants in the U.S. during the years of slavery?

answer

200 years of master-slave relations shaped values and attitudes about whites and blacks that still linger today.

question

Bipolarization refers to the economic gap among blacks only.

answer

False

question

Looking at the TV news about inner-city black adolescents' delinquency problems, John thinks that blacks are the cause of social problems in the US. This is an example of __________.

answer

XXXovert racism

question

La Raza Cosmica refers to __________.

answer

a common bond and great destiny for the Hispanic peoples

question

Many state labor laws__________.

answer

fail to protect women from economic exploitation

question

Racism emerged as an ideology __________.

answer

sometime in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

question

Flagrant sexism and sex role stereotyping abound in all forms of the media

answer

True

question

Blauner's "internal-colonialism" refers to __________.

answer

the large number of African Americans trapped in ghettos

question

Women tend to make less than men in almost every field, including those dominated by women.

answer

True

question

The traditional gender roles within immigrant minority subgroups deflect recent advances in__________.

answer

sexual equality

question

Mead's study of the Arapesh, Mundugamor, and Tchambuli found __________.

answer

cultural variance in male-female role behavior

question

In the early twentieth century, U.S. policy toward Puerto Rico was __________.

answer

an attempt at Americanization XXXmostly to encourage economic investment

question

Cuban cultural values emphasize __________.

answer

readily displaying kindness and generosity XXXXliving in order to work and achieve physical comfort

question

Public concern about sexual harassment began__________.

answer

in the mid-1970s

question

As their length of time in the country grows, Mexican immigrants close the earning gap with __________ but not with non-Hispanic whites.

answer

XXXBlacks

question

Dignidad refers to __________.

answer

reciprocal respect in human interaction

question

Some ancient civilizations considered themselves superior to others, and they typically based their beliefs on race.

answer

False

question

Hispanics are the largest ethnic group in the United States and are steadily increasing in number all the time.

answer

True

question

The 1992 Los Angeles riot was between blacks and whites.

answer

False

question

With regard to labor force participation by wives, we can say that __________.

answer

XXXthe younger the children's ages are, the more women participate in labor force

question

Although African Americans found greater freedom in the North, the dominant group's animosity toward them led to majority patterns of avoidance and discrimination.

answer

True

question

To ease their transition to a new land, other ethnic groups re-created in miniature the society they left behind; but the Africans who came to the Unites States were not allowed to do so.

answer

True

question

__________ reduces Puerto Rican involvement in the Catholic Church on the mainland.

answer

XXXThe appeal of Lutheran churches XXXA closed church hierarchy

question

If you were concerned about the Hispanic dropout rate, you would do well to focus on __________.

answer

age at the time of entry into the United States XXXattendance

question

Congress gave women the right to vote in __________.

answer

1919

question

Myths about Black racial inferiority __________.

answer

emerged as a rationalization for U.S. slavery

question

The greatest increase in working women has been among __________.

answer

XXXyoung unmarried women

question

Rosa Parks' refusal to sit at the back of the bus eventually led a federal district court to rule against segregated seating.

answer

True

question

Since the Department of Defense has a "zero tolerance" policy on acts of sexual harassment in all branches of the military and acts quickly on complaints, such incidents have dramatically decreased.

answer

False

question

What percentage of blacks believe that major conflicts still exist between the races?

answer

53%

question

How many legal South American immigrants entered the United States between 2000 and 2009?

answer

XXX502,247 XXX576,831

question

When did sex inequality become marked by disparities in economic contributions?

answer

Industrial societies XXXPastoral societies XXXAgrarian societies

question

Since the mid-1960s, the number of elected black officials has __________.

answer

increased dramatically

question

According to the interactionist view, __________.

answer

XXXthe question of who benefits is the most significant issue in black-white relationships XXXoppression of blacks is the result of American capitalists' exploitation XXXskin color often triggers negative responses about busing, crime, housing, jobs, and poverty

question

What happened in 1990 that led an 11-year-long exodus of Nicaraguan refugees to subside?

answer

XXXImmigration services denied entry to all Nicaraguan refugees. XXXThe contra war began.

question

Sociologists Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales maintained that the efficient functioning of a society, indeed its very survival, depends on satisfying both __________ and __________ needs.

answer

XXXinstitutional; functional XXXfunctional; institutional

question

African American women are more likely to benefit from the Feminist movement in __________.

answer

XXXethnic experiences XXXsocial identity

question

The Zoot Suit Riots of 1943 illustrate __________.

answer

dominant-group tolerance of violence against a minority

question

U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service launched a program in the 1950s called "Operation Wetback."

answer

True (It was launched in 1954)

question

Native-born blacks __________.

answer

XXXare pretty homogenous as a group

question

The growing number of female-headed households living in poverty has led to the creation of the concept of __________.

answer

feminization of poverty

question

In the United States, machismo causes a culture class because it often involves __________.

answer

the belief in male dominance and female submissiveness

question

Today, many African Americans still lack __________.

answer

XXXpolitical representation XXXeducational opportunities

question

The median family income for Latino families has traditionally been higher than for black families.

answer

True

question

__________ have the highest rate of female headed households.

answer

Black families

question

The gradual and pervasive change in the values of a people is known as __________.

answer

cultural drift

question

Chicano power was promoted by __________.

answer

Cesar Chavez

question

Low-income African American women at first did not identify with the Feminist movement because many of its demands seemed irrelevant to their needs.

answer

True

question

Myrdal called the intensification of discrimination resulting from Jim Crow laws __________.

answer

cumulative causation

question

African-born Americans tend to __________ than American-born African Americans.

answer

XXXbe better educated XXXbe more represented in popular media

question

Immigration from Haiti will likely __________.

answer

XXXbe limited in number and duration XXXsurpass that from Mexico

question

The black middle class __________.

answer

has earnings that are comparable to the white middle class XXXhas businesses that are more susceptible to failure because of government intervention

question

In terms of income, which group has benefited most from all the civil rights actions?

answer

Black middle class

question

Both Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans have had steadily declining poverty rates in recent years.

answer

False

question

The Bell Curve says the best explanation of wealth, status, poverty, and social pathologies is __________.

answer

Intelligence

question

Sexism is a term and concept has been a public concern since __________.

answer

the 1960s

question

The principle of "separate but equal" was __________.

answer

upheld by the Supreme Court in 1896 (in the case of Pessy vs Ferguson)

question

In 1954, the landmark desegregation order covered __________.

answer

schools only (Brown vs Brown)

question

Changes in the U.S. economy affect Puerto Rico because __________.

answer

of its economic dependency on the United States

question

Undocumented aliens make substantial economic contributions as consumers and low-skilled workers.

answer

True

question

__________ have the highest rate of labor force participation.

answer

XXXBlack men

question

Women were considered sexual property in settlement areas with a shortage of women.

answer

True

question

In the Puerto Rican American communities, bodegas serve as __________.

answer

social gathering places

question

Variances in the Hispanic experience in the United States are due to __________.

answer

the regions in which they settled

question

If educational levels are equal, it is true that __________.

answer

XXXwhite women earn less than black women XXXblack women earn about the same as white women while working longer hours

question

Barack Obama's victory has lessened the scope of the race problem.

answer

False

question

Immigration from Africa __________.

answer

XXXis down to a small trickle

question

Through the __________, the United States reserved the right to intervene in Cuba if necessary to protect U.S. interests.

answer

Platt Amendment

question

The term "second shift" refers to __________.

answer

working women also doing most household chores

question

Men have the highest employment rate among __________.

answer

XXXtruck drivers

question

A Hispanic male's felt responsibility to protect his family's honor might be identified by which term?

answer

Machismo

question

As male dominance continued over the generations, a sexist ideology evolved to justify the existing order as __________.

answer

natural

question

In which of the following ways did Cubans respond to discrimination in Miami in the early 1980s?

answer

Forming an ethnic enclave XXXMoving in large numbers to Pensacola

question

The greatest increase in working women has been among single women with college degrees.

answer

False

question

Although popular in the 19th century, today the Ku Klux Klan is considered a relic from the past.

answer

False

question

Women earn __________ men in almost every occupation.

answer

less than

question

Hispanics are heavily underrepresented in __________.

answer

managerial positions

question

The term "glass ceiling" refers to __________.

answer

discrimination against female upward mobility

question

__________ are routinely denied refugee status in the United States.

answer

XXXHaitians

question

Black men are more likely than white men to be employed as __________.

answer

food-service workers

question

Dominicans commonly co-exist in neighborhoods alongside those of the __________.

answer

Puerto Ricans

question

Between 1980 and 2009, the number of school-age children who spoke a language other than English at home decreased from 19 to 9 percent.

answer

False

question

Mormon values stress __________.

answer

family togetherness

question

Over __________ million immigrant children who speak a language other than English at home presently are enrolled in public schools.

answer

11

question

According to the text, what do Americans need to do in order to gain "greater appreciation and tolerance for one another"?

answer

Recognize that race and ethnicity are simply other people's humanity.

question

Which group experiences more direct racism?

answer

Whites married to Blacks

question

Immigration lowered wages for U.S. workers because immigrants and low-skilled U.S. workers fill the same roles in the economy.

answer

False

question

About how many Americans speak Arabic in their homes?

answer

800,000

question

The discovery of silver in California ended Mormon isolation because their settlement was located along the best route to the California silver mines.

answer

False

question

How much did immigrant spending contribute to the North Carolina's economy over the last decade?

answer

9.2 billion dollars

question

U.S. Catholics today are __________.

answer

the largest single religious denomination in the United States XXXdeclining in numbers, except for Hispanic immigrant additions

question

The Amish typically support social security and all other forms of insurance, believing the country should be responsible for its people.

answer

False

question

Echoing xenophobic fears of earlier generations, immigration opponents worry that U.S. citizens will lose control of the country to foreigners.

answer

True

question

As of 2013, what percentage of legislators in the U.S. congress was Jewish?

answer

5%

question

Fostering separation instead of a cohesive society is called __________.

answer

XXXnativism

question

According to Miller, Americans are leaving mainstream churches in droves to __________.

answer

join nondenominational churches

question

Achieving economic success, but not public acceptance, is known as__________.

answer

social ostracism

question

Rastafarians believe themselves to be__________.

answer

black Israelites

question

The greatest conflict between Catholics and Protestants was on the subject of __________.

answer

Education

question

What strained relations between the "old" Jewish population and the "new" Jewish arrivals?

answer

XXXReligious homogeneity XXXEthnic and nationalist prejudices

question

Which country supplied more immigrants than Canada and Newfoundland between 1820 and 2009?

answer

Italy

question

Ethnicity is __________.

answer

XXXnot found among any racial groups XXXAscribed status

question

Controversies over abortion and school prayer __________.

answer

unite people of many different faiths in a common cause

question

Between 1980 and 2009, percentage of schoolchildren who speak a language other than English at home increased by __________ percent.

answer

11

question

What factors have changed the perception of race in the 2010 census?

answer

Immigration and higher birth rates XXXImmigration and cultural identity

question

Which of the following was an action the federal government took against Mormons?

answer

XXXRemoval from political office

question

Which of the following is a goal of the Official English Movement?

answer

Eliminate bilingual education

question

New multiculturalists advocate "minority nationalism" and __________.

answer

"separatist pluralism"

question

Today, most undocumented migrants are coming from __________.

answer

Mexico

question

Ethnic identity and assimilation are both influenced by educational achievement.

answer

True

question

With increased immigration comes the issue of __________.

answer

interethnic marriages

question

The "Alien Phase" is when immigrants __________.

answer

have a political locus that remains with the country of origin

question

__________ is/are least likely to have a favorable view of Islam.

answer

Evangelical Protestants

question

Symbols of Amish group identity include their __________.

answer

specially styled jewelry XXXmonotheistic beliefs XXXclothing

question

Symbolic ethnicity refers to __________.

answer

a sociological theory XXXpublic displays such as marching in ethnic parades

question

As of January 2013, how many states have passed English-only legislation?

answer

31???

question

Opponents of multiculturalism argue that __________.

answer

it undermines the assimilation ethic XXXit creates a common bond of identity

question

The fact that __________ contributed to the success of some first and many second-generation Jewish Americans.

answer

they brought to America skills useful in an industrial society

question

The __________ the residence in the U.S. for a group, the __________ the percentage of naturalized citizens.

answer

longer; higher XXXshorter; higher XXXshorter; lower

question

A common aspect of all Amish communities is their __________.

answer

high degree of integration and harmony

question

Throughout much of the colonial period, U.S. Catholics__________.

answer

XXXdominated Maryland which was their power base at the Constitutional Convention XXXsettled mostly in New England where people were more hospitable

question

One limitation of census projections is that __________.

answer

it assumes that conditions worldwide will remain constant

question

According to the text, religious differences fan the flames of intense bigotry and acts of mob violence in the United States.

answer

False

question

The United States is now probably the most religiously diverse country in the world.

answer

True

question

In his ecological model of Chicago's growth and development, Robert Park (1926) noted the linkage between social mobility and __________.

answer

spatial mobility

question

The percentage of Americans in which group is predicted to increase the most by 2050?

answer

Hispanics

question

When specifically asked in a CBS News/ New York Times Poll about the seriousness of the immigration problem, __________.

answer

61% viewed it as "very serious"

question

What primary motivation prompted the Mormons to move westward from New York?

answer

Expulsion

question

With regard to acculturation processes, __________.

answer

acculturation functions as a trade-off between traditional Hispanic tendencies and white practices

question

According to Hansen, the process of assimilation is__________.

answer

XXXpermanent XXXdifferent for every single person

question

What factors make it easy for recent immigrants to have plural identities, including dual citizenship?

answer

Technology and global economy

question

Mormons forbid __________.

answer

coffee or tea

question

Public funding for bilingual education began in 1968, when Congress passed the __________.

answer

Bilingual Education Act

question

__________ are barred from becoming elders in the Mormon church.

answer

Women

question

The Amish allow __________.

answer

adolescent rebelliousness prior to adult church membership

question

Studies show that immigrants __________.

answer

do not take jobs away from American workers

question

Which is part of the Rastafarian behavior code?

answer

Using only natural foods without chemical processing

question

__________ are banned in French schools.

answer

Hijabs

question

U.S. Catholics and Protestants fundamentally differ on the issue of __________.

answer

clerical celibacy

question

In what year did the Mormon church announce that blacks could become priests?

answer

1978 XXX1969

question

Utah leads the country in__________.

answer

XXXilliteracy XXXhigh school dropout rates

question

Islam incorporates many beliefs and practices of__________.

answer

Christianity and Judaism

question

Anti-Jewish stereotypes included characterizing Jews as __________.

answer

scoundrels

question

What is the largest U.S. denomination?

answer

Catholic

question

Hindus are __________.

answer

XXXpolytheistic XXXvegetarians

question

Many Jewish Americans today see religion less as an inherited ethnic identity and more as a personal choice of belief and practice.

answer

True

question

There is great concern that the Census Bureau projections will fall victim to __________.

answer

XXXRegression toward the Mean XXXStandard Deviation

question

According to Alba, __________ help sustain a strong sense of ethnic identity.

answer

ethnic neighborhoods

question

Muslims are concerned about __________ interfering with their ability to maintain the integrity of their way of life.

answer

divorce XXXtelevision XXXthe government

question

German Jews were embarrassed by the __________ of the Sephardic Jews.

answer

appearance

question

The 1.5 generation refers to __________.

answer

immigrants who arrive under the age of ten

question

The pottu or dot on the forehead for Hindus is similar to __________.

answer

Christians wearing a cross

question

__________ is/are identified in the text as an identifying symbol for Rastafarians.

answer

XXXDietary habits

question

Which worldwide religion is second to Christianity in membership numbers?

answer

Islam

question

__________ is identifiable as an example of Robert Bellah's "civil religion."

answer

XXXThe removal of prayer from schools XXXThe separation of church and state XXX"In God We Trust"

question

With regard to interracial dating, __________.

answer

geographic region does not matter

question

In 1847, Mormon migration to the Great Salt Lake Valley resulted from __________.

answer

the threat of extermination or forced assimilation

question

Current migration patterns offer clues about the __________ of future Americans.

answer

XXXpolitical party domination XXXlegal implications of citizenship

question

__________ is a function of social capital.

answer

Cultivation of hope, trust, communication, and mutual assistance

question

Most Asian and Hispanic Americans are too recently part of U.S. society to apply the three-generation hypothesis.

answer

True

question

Which social caste is considered to be the elite?

answer

Brahmins (The four major social divisions in India's caste system: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class.)

question

The __________ are arguably the most assimilated of all Asian groups.

answer

XXXKorean

question

According to recent public-opinion polls, Americans have __________ opinions about immigration.

answer

mixed

question

Native Americans who object to Columbus Day parades and Afrocentrists who assert that Western culture was merely derived from Afro-Egyptian culture are the examples of minority nationalism and separatist pluralism.

answer

True

question

Recent government studies reveal that bilingual education __________.

answer

primarily benefits native English speakers

question

Official estimates place the number of unauthorized foreign-born people currently living in the United States at __________ million.

answer

XXXaround 9

question

Anti-Semitic behavior in the United States largely disappeared after World War II.

answer

False

question

Transnationalism refers to sustained ties of persons, networks, and organizations across national borders.

answer

True

question

Protestants were dedicated to keeping Catholics out of office because they would supposedly take their orders from Rome.

answer

True

question

Census Bureau projections for 2050 include __________.

answer

Hispanics becoming the largest minority group

question

In order to strengthen the group by removing errant members and silencing ideas which do not conform, the Amish may __________ a member.

answer

Shun

question

In Rumbaut's study, more than 97% of the third-generation immigrants preferred to do what?

answer

Speak only English only at home XXXSpeak both languages at home

question

Which religious group has grown the most vigorously in recent years?

answer

XXXMormons

question

New immigrants tend to shed their "cultural baggage" and choose to assimilate in their new home.

answer

False

question

The industry with the highest percentage of undocumented alien workers is construction.

answer

False

question

In what way can we say that Hinduism is like most Western religions?

answer

It reflects a diverse set of practices and philosophical concepts.

question

Between 1990 and 2000, which ethnic groups had the highest proportion of people becoming citizens?

answer

Asians

question

Some parts of the U.S. economy are dependent on the labor of undocumented Latino migrants, and about 10 percent of the labor force of Mexico is now working in the United States.

answer

True

question

Santeria in the United States today is __________.

answer

XXXa highly ethnocentric Cuban religion

question

The three-generation hypothesis suggests that __________.

answer

XXXit usually takes three generations to complete the assimilation process

question

I and I is used among Rastafarians to __________.

answer

promote equality and oneness with everyone

question

Which of the following countries encourages cultural diversity?

answer

XXXFrance XXXSaudi Arabia

question

The number of religious groups in the United States today numbers __________.

answer

XXXover 2,000

question

Which country was among the top 10 sources of newcomers to the United States in 2012?

answer

India

SOC American and Ethnic Relations – Flashcards

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