question

READING: why don't the poor participate in social movements more often?

answer

ALL OF THE ABOVE : The consequences of participation may be too high, they may have to work multiple jobs, leaving little or no time for activates

question

READING: Litter may not be the most pressing problem facing our society, but many people still wish that our streets and parks had less trash. However, it is difficult to convince people to clean these public areas, a problem that sociologists would call ...

answer

THE PUBLIC GOODS DIELEMMA

question

READING: The process by which social structures and institutions become global rather than national is called

answer

Globalization

question

READING: According to mass society theory, why do people join social movements?

answer

To fulfill a psychological need to belong to something

question

READING: The Promise Keepers are a Christian men's organization that seeks to train men to be better husbands and fathers while working to preserve traditional family values, in which the man is the head of the household and makes decisions for his wife and family. in this way the promise keepers are

answer

regressive

question

READING: what are the 4 stages of a social movement, in the order that each event occurs?

answer

Incipient; coalscence; bureaucratization; decline

question

READING: Many have noticed that the US economy seems increasingly focused on producing and managing info, rather than on making things. What terms or concept could describe this shift?

answer

Postmodernism

question

READING: What is the uneven distribution of technology between different parts of a society or of the world called?

answer

The digital divide

question

READING: When someone listens to public radio, but never contributes during pledge drives, that person would be considered

answer

a free rider

question

READING: How did MoveOn.org recruit and organize members?

answer

aggressive use of the internet

question

READING: The relatively short-lived enthusiasm for leg warmers during the 1980s was an example of

answer

A FAD

question

Given that fertility rates in the US have dropped below the level needed to maintain the population level, why is the pop here growing??

answer

Immigration

question

What happens to a neighborhood during gentrification?

answer

ALL AF THE ABOVE ; poorer residents are displaced, buildings are converted or remodeled, property values increase

question

What sort of pollution is responsible for global warming

answer

greenhouse gases

question

which political party made social justice, community-based economics, feminism, and diversity central to its platform?

answer

THE GREEN PARTY

question

If a sociologist is studying the problems associated with resource depletion, which of the following facts might be she be interested in when she investigates the way that our society uses paper?

answer

A. It requires more than 3 pound of tree pulp to make 1 pound of paper

question

If someone starts taking public transportation and riding a bike, she would be reducing, HER

answer

carbon footprint

question

During the Great Depression in the 1930s, huge #s of dispossessed farmers left places like OKL, and moved to CA.

answer

This is an example of internal migration

question

although the federal government plans to store nuc. waste under a mountain in Nevada, people who live in Nevada are trying their best to have it housed elsewhere, a classic example of

answer

NIMBY

question

How has Earth's population changed in the last 50 yrs?

answer

It has more than tripled

question

Chapter 11: Work What is a sweatshop?

answer

a workplace with poor working conditions, below standard wages, and long hours

question

Why would a company outsource or contract out labor they might otherwise employ their own staff to preform?

answer

it's cheaper

question

What did Wal-Mart do when the butchers at the Supercenter in Jacksonville, Texas, voted to unionize?-

answer

eliminated meat cutting in all of its Texas stores

question

Why did Karl Marx believe that workers in a capitalist nation experience alienation?

answer

they are paid for their labor but do not own the things they produce

question

What technological development is associated with the Information Revolution?

answer

microchip

question

While the U.S. is a capitalist nation, it also has socialist elements." Is this an accurate statement?

answer

yes

question

In 2005, teaching assistants at U of Oregon went on strike. What feature of their job make it easier for them to strike than most American workers?-

answer

their jobs can't be moved overseas

question

Who led campaigns to end child labor and increase workplace safety?

answer

unions

question

What are the benefits of telecommuting?

answer

businesses get increased productivity and fewer sick days

question

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

answer

England

question

CHAPTER 10: SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS Religiosity

answer

extent of a person's commitment to religion

question

Which of the following is an advantage cited by supporters of school vouchers?

answer

give more choices to parents in their children's education

question

Which of the following is a critism of the no child left behind act passed by congress in 2002?

answer

teachers. umder pressure to raise test scores may stop doing everythng "but teaching to the test"

question

A society that separates Church & State is a

answer

secular society

question

In the past most voters formed public opinions by listening to speeches meeting with reps of political parties or attending town hall mtgs. How to voters today learn about political issues?

answer

Through human interest stories in the media

question

how does the academic achievement of homeschooled students compare to that of public school students?

answer

Homeschooled students perform significantly better, on average than public school students

question

According to C. Wright Mills, who rules America?

answer

the power elite

question

What evidence suggests that America's educational system is in crisis?

answer

Literacy rates are low, teachers are poorly paid, school infrastructure is in poor condition

question

According to the text, what does it mean to be "disenfranchised?

answer

person is stripped of voting rights, either temporarily or permanently

question

The theory of pluralism suggests that in a democracy, power is held in a variety of hands; each group is assumed to have equal access to power and thus serve as a system of checks and balances." This statement best represents

answer

structural functionalist perspective

question

Which of the following will shape a person's political ideology?

answer

where a person lives, age, sex

question

CHAPTER 12: LIFE AT HOME What historical change led to the devaluation of women's work in the home?

answer

the industrial revolution

question

A heterosexual married couple living in the same household and raising their children is defined as

answer

nuclear family

question

Who are more likely to be negatively affected by parents' divorce?

answer

boys

question

Increasing number of Americans who move out of state to attend college will decrease importance of __ when looking for bf/gf

answer

propinquity

question

What would a symbolic interactionism studying the family be most interested in?

answer

the way that gift giving within extended family makes some bonds more important than others

question

18. Why do victims of domestic violence stay in relationships?

answer

don't believe they can make it on their own, feel responsible, don't have resources to get away (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

question

Brady bunch- husband and wife had kids from previous marriages. Called ____-

answer

blended family

question

What happens to marital satisfaction when kids are born?

answer

goes down

question

CHAPTER 8: RACE How do the demographics (e.g. racial & ethnic make up) of CA challenge the way that the term " minority" has been used in the past?

answer

Whites are now less than half the population of CA

question

What explanation does functionalism have for prejudice and discrimination today?

answer

Prejudice & discrimination help to increase group cohesion

question

According to conflict theory, what is the real source of racism?

answer

The struggle for power

question

How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?

answer

Institutional discrimination is more systematic and widespread

question

Why are poor women less likely to marry?

answer

They feel that the men they encounter are less likely to offer the advantages that make marriage worth the risk

question

Which of the following countries is an example of a pluralistic culture in which people of French, Italian & German heritage live peacefully together in political and economic unity?

answer

Switzerland

question

According to sociologist Howard Winant and Michael Omi, what is the relationship between race and class?

answer

Race is not a side effect of class; rather is permeates ever aspect of daily life

question

The deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, or national group is called __.

answer

Genocide

question

After the Civil War, most southern states passed laws that barred Blacks and Whites from sharing most kinds of public facilities. This is an example of __.

answer

Segregation

question

A(n) ___ is a human being with some combination of female and male genitalia.

answer

Intersexual person/hermaphrodite

question

Which two categories of crime are girls (juveniles) and women (adults) more likely to be arrested than boys/men?

answer

Running away and prostitution

question

According to the pro-feminist men's movement, why should men support feminism?

answer

They should out of fairness to women; men's lives, as well as women's, are constrained by gender rules; the ideology of male superiority is a burden (ALL)

question

What two roles did the structuralist Talcott Parsons identify within the family?

answer

Expressive and instrumental

question

The phrase "deadbeat dad" describes a man who isn't married to his children's mother and isn't supporting his children materially. Why do we almost never talk about "deadbeat moms"?

answer

Women remain the primary caregiver even when fathers are no longer taking the instrumental role

question

"Welfare queen" is an insulting term for a woman who is believed to be cheating the government by collecting excessive welfare payments. Although empirical research indicates that very little welfare fraud actually takes place, what nugget of sociological truth is contained in the phrase "welfare queen"?

answer

The use of the word "queen" reminds us that women are more likely than men to live in poverty

question

When does gender role socialization begin?

answer

Before birth

question

How do single fathers' incomes compare to those of single mothers?

answer

Single fathers make considerably more money

question

How do men and women experience gender harassment differently in the military?

answer

Men are more likely to be harassed by their drill sergeants, while women are more likely to be harassed by their fellow trainees

question

What issue is first-wave feminism most strongly associated with?

answer

Women's suffrage

question

Who is most likely to be mocked by their peers for violating gender norms?

answer

Boys

question

In the workplace, aggressive men are often considered to be "go-getters," but aggressive women are often considered to be "bitches." This is an example of

answer

A double standard

question

Which group argues that because of feminism, men suffer discrimination?

answer

The men's rights movement

question

_____ is a social theory about gender identity and sexuality that emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects as restrictive the idea of innate sexual identity.

answer

Queer theory

question

What sort of social mobility is possible in a caste system?

answer

There is little or no chance of social mobility

question

What are the tastes, habits, and expectations that children "inherit" (or learn) from their parents that help to achieve material success in life called?

answer

Cultural capital

question

Which of the following is a form of stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit?

answer

Meritocracy

question

The Welfare Reform Act of 1996 ended the concept of entitlements by requiring recipients of welfare to find work within 2 years of receiving assistance. How was has this changed the lives of the poor?

answer

Moving from welfare to work did not substantially increase income levels, it simply shifted the poor from welfare to low-paying jobs

question

Many workers at auto plants in Michigan have recently lost their jobs as plants close. For the vast majority of these workers, this has resulted in ___.

answer

Vertical social mobility

question

When young people go away to college, its often the first time that they make friends with people of substantially different class statuses. Sometimes this leads to tension when the wealthier member of a friendship is obvious to his friend's class status & suggests activities that are beyond the friend's means. This tension results from a lack of

answer

Class consciousness

question

According to Karl Marx, what social relations matter in a capitalist system?

answer

Economic relations

question

Mother Teresa was a person with tremendous power & prestige, yet she was very poor. Mother Teresa is an example of ___.

answer

Status inconsistency

question

According to the class lecture and discussion, what is a problem with the poverty line definition?

answer

The poverty line def. Does not account for regional differences (e.g. CA has a different standard of living than Alabama)

question

An accountant with a college degree & a license from the state accounting board works for the Dept. Of Defense as a senior auditor. He makes about $100,000 a year & will soon retire with benefits & a pension. This accountant belongs to the ___.

answer

Upper middle class

question

When the children of working-class parents manage to attend college and get a job in a professional field, it is an example of ___.

answer

Intergenerational mobility

question

CHAPTER 6: DEVIANCE What is the justification for harsh sentencing guidelines, like California's "three strikes' law?

answer

deterrence of future crime

question

The poet Lucy Grealy had a series of operations as a child that eventually resulted in the removal of one-third of her jaws. As a result, she experienced ___

answer

stigma

question

Why was imprisonment such a rare type of punishment before the nineteenth century?

answer

earlier societies did not have sufficient resources to operate prisons

question

The parents of a deviant child often want to find some way to excuse their offspring's behavior, and its common to hear them say " he just fell in with a bad crowd." Which symbolic interactionists theory of deviance does this explanation most closely resemble?

answer

differential association

question

" A student who is caught plagiarizing may come to believe she is unable to write about cheating' this ex from the textbook explains plagiarism using __

answer

labeling theory

question

What happened to the pseudo patients in David Rosenhan's "on being sane is an insane place?"

answer

they were all finally released, but the diagnoses were that their 'illnesses" were in "in remission"

question

If you decided that you could never get into a good school and so could never get a good job, you might decide to sell drugs a a way of making a living. According to Robert Merton, what sort of deviant would you be?

answer

an innovator

question

CHAPTER 4: THE SELF & INTERACTION

answer

.

question

Young army recruits arriving at boot camp are about to enter

answer

a total institution

question

Chris speilman was forced to choose between staying with this sick wife and playing prof football. What sort of sociological phenomenon was he expressing?

answer

role conflict

question

According to Sigmund Freud, what are the parts of the mind?

answer

id , ego, superego

question

How does chapter 4 the self and interaction define the "self"?

answer

the experience of a personal identity, distinct from other

question

What is the Thomas theorem?

answer

"if people define situations as real, they are real in consequences"

question

If a bride is upset on her wedding day bc her family members don't' seem excited enough for her, sociologist might argue that family members are violation ___

answer

the feeling rule

question

Which of the following is an example of an altered life circumstance that will require some degree of resocilaization?

answer

all of the above (getting new job, starting a family, getting divorce)

question

How does an individual come to process an achieved status?

answer

an achieved status is earned

question

How is the term" master status" defined?

answer

status that seems to override all other statuses that an individual may possess

question

According to the lecture and text, which of the following agents of socialization has the most enduring, life-long impact on the individual?

answer

family

question

Nature comes from the Latin word "natus' which means ___ ; nurture comes from the Latin word "nutritus' which means ___

answer

to be born; to be nourished

question

The looking-glass self explains __

answer

how we develop a self-concept based on our perceptions of other's judgments of us

question

. ____ is presenting yourself as a member of a different group than the stigmatized group you belong to.

answer

Passing

question

"___ the population, the more likely its member are to commit crimes."

answer

the younger

question

. "___" are more likely to commit crime."

answer

males

question

The Amish have neither the resources nor the desire to use prison as a sanction against members of their community who violate the rules. What sanction do they use instead?

answer

shunning

question

Social control is defined as ___.

answer

the formal and informal mechanisms used to increase conformity to values and norms and thus promote social cohesion.

question

CHAPTER 3: CULTURE Mean girls, cheerleaders, jock :

answer

the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

question

A culture war is best illustrated by which of the following examples?

answer

anti-abortion advocates demonstrating in front of the family-planning clinic

question

_____ is something to which people attach meaning and then use to communicate with others

answer

a symbol

question

6. In America, a married man who has several mistresses is violating a ___, but if he is married into more than one woman at the same time he is violating a ____

answer

more; law

question

How is subculture different from a counterculture?

answer

both are distinct from mainstream culture, but a counterculture actively opposed important aspects of the mainstream culture

question

the article, "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" is useful to sociologies because

answer

it challenges people's inability to observe their own cultures

question

Specified times, like Mardi Gras, when people are allowed to break conventional norms and engage in otherwise unacceptable behaviors (being drunk) are called

answer

moral holidays

question

Which of the following lists norms in order from the most severely enforced to the least?

answer

taboos, mores, folkways

question

When an employee is promoted instead of more deserving coworkers because he has a special relationship with her boss, is an example of?

answer

the distinction between ideal culture and real culture

question

Today it is possible to travel all over the world, especially if you visit major metropolitan areas, without ever having to eat anything but McDonald' this is an ex of

answer

cultural leveling

question

It's all too common to see someone driving a car on the busy freeway while cursing and gesturing at another motorist whose poor driving has offended her or him. Cursing and gesturing are not very nice, but are examples of

answer

negative sanctions

question

According to chapter 3 cultural crossroads, the most significant component of culture is

answer

language

question

How is the study of culture different from sociologist than for anthropologist?

answer

sociologist usually study a culture they belong to

question

CHAPTER 2: STUDYING SOCIAL LIFE

answer

.

question

The scientific method is the standard procedure for acquiring and verifying empirical (concrete, scientific) knowledge. According to the text, how many steps are there to this procedure?

answer

7

question

Every four years, when it's time to elect a president, we pay much attention to surveys, although we usually call them polls. Even though there are more than 300 million people in the United States, most political pollsters ask about 1,000 people who they plan to vote for and use that information to predict how the election will turn out. Who is sample for a presidential poll?

answer

the 1,000 people who are asked who they will vote for

question

When high schools want to ask students about sensitive subjects like drug use or sexual health, they often use surveys, rather than a more direct form of communication like interviews. Why?

answer

Surveys allow student to answer the question in private and assure the confidentiality of their responses

question

Which of the following are disadvantages of using existing sources of data for research?

answer

A and C

question

When conduction experiments, how is the experimental group different from the control group?

answer

The experimental group receives the independent variable, and the control group does not.

question

Sociologists who administer interviews can only gather data from a limited number of people because___.

answer

interviews are too time consuming

question

Which of the following is an advantage of replicability in experiments?

answer

Experiments can be performed again and again in order to measure change

question

A closed-ended question is one that___.

answer

limit the possible responses

question

What is a pilot study?

answer

a smaller study used to investigate the feasibility of a large one.

question

Before beginning a research project, what will a good researcher always do?

answer

review the literature in order to become familiar with earlier research that relates to her topic

question

If a sociologist watches a lot of television and counts the number of times women play roles with lower status than men, what research method is he using?

answer

content analysis

question

If a piece of sociological research is representative, it means that___.

answer

the smaller group of people studied can tell us something about a large group

question

Max Weber argued that sociologists should aim for value-free sociology. What does this mean?

answer

sociologists should not allow personal beliefs to influence their research

question

What can an institutional review board do if has reservations about the safety or ethics of a research project?

answer

It may stop the project from going forward, at least until changes have been made

question

In the 1980s, many politicians argued that listening to heavy metal music led teenagers to commit suicide. This is an example of___.

answer

a hypothesis

question

CHAPTER 1: SOCIOLOGY AND REAL WORLD

answer

.

question

What did W.E.B DuBois in common with Harriet Martineau

answer

Both were intrigued by America's democratic promise, but disappointed in its hypocritical injustices

question

There is a relationship between education and income: the higher the level of education completed, the greater the income. Identify the independent variable in this relationship.

answer

education

question

5. One of Karl Marx's most important achievements was developing a theory of praxis. Marx believed that intellectuals should ___.

answer

not just theorize about the world, but change it

question

According to queer theorists, how should we think about sexual identity?

answer

sexual identity is fluid and can change over an individual lifetime

question

Which of the following people sound like they're experiencing anomie

answer

A teenager in a gothic phase is dressed all black, reads poems about death and suicide, and feels as though no really cares about him

question

Which of the following is the most serious critique of structural functionalism?

answer

It tends to argue that any social feature that exists must serve a function

question

Which of the following is a major critique of conflict theory?

answer

In focusing on conflict and change, it sometimes ignores the stable and enduring parts of society

question

What economic system emerged during the Industrial Revolution?

answer

capitalism

question

Who coined the phrase "survival of the fittest?" (note: this statement focuses on the social philosophy philosophy called Social Darwinism)

answer

Herbert Spencer

question

Which social theory was developed mostly in the United States?

answer

Symbolic interactionism

question

Which of the following statement best describes the approach taken by macro sociologist?

answer

Marcosociology directly examines large scales social structures in order to see how they affect individual lives

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