SOC 101 Exam 2
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Patterns of touch are strongly influenced by gender. Which of the following statements regarding gender and touch is false?
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The correct answer is: In everyday interaction men and women tend to use touch about equally.
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Which of the following characteristics does a society not possess?
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The correct answer is: Groups resemble society, but are similar in size..
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Social institutions are an important concept within sociology for all of the following reasons, except
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The correct answer is: they are natural extensions of society.
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When the different statuses of a person each brings with them significantly different amounts of prestige this causes _____.
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The correct answer is: status inconsistency
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What is the relationship between culture and society, from a sociological perspective?
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The correct answer is: The members of a society share a culture to some extent.
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In most contemporary societies _____ create consistent patterns in the division of labor.
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The correct answer is: age, gender, race and class
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Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as:
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The correct answer is: An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy
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Symbolic interactionists argue that our perceptions of reality are determined by our definition of the situation. This means that to a large extent,
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The correct answer is: we basically see what we want to see.
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Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
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d. Structural Functionalism Correct
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Functionalist theorists contend that social institutions
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a. assure the stability and continuance of society. Correct
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Please place the following societies in chronological order:
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The correct answer is: Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural
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Sociologists who study the large patterns of social interactions that are vast, complex, and highly differentiated are using _____.
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The correct answer is: macroanalysis
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It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmys teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmys age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmys teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory?
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The correct answer is: Nature vs. Nurture
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Postindustrial societies are characterized by
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The correct answer is: the production of information services.
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In a society where mechanical solidarity exists
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c. individuals share the same values, hold the same things sacred, and frequently play the same roles. Correct
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A status that is occupied from the moment of birth (e.g., your sex or race) is called an _____.
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The correct answer is: ascribed status
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Alienation is defined by the text as:
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b. The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self. Correct
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In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______.
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The correct answer is: A degradation ceremony
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As cyberspace interaction increases, sociologists have begun to research the influence of the internet on social interaction. Research indicates all of the following, except
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The correct answer is: cyberspace interaction is quickly replacing face-to-face interaction.
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Which of these would interest a sociologist who prefers macroanalysis of social interaction?
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The correct answer is: how laws governing family leave have affected families in the U.S.
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Your age and race are examples of
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a. ascribed statuses. Correct
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A status that is earned is called an
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b. achieved status Correct
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Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______.
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The correct answer is: Ascribed status
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Émile Durkheims much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was:
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The correct answer is: It defined the differences between sociology and psychology
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The type of social solidarity that exists in the United States and other industrialized societies is _____ solidarity.
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The correct answer is: organic
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Which of the following is false in regards to social interaction?
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The correct answer is: Most behaviors are inherently positive or negative, regardless of the situation is.
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Which of the following is not a social institution?
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c. friends Correct
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Education is important to society because:
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c. All of the above Correct
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Sociologists distinguish six different types of societies based on
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a. the complexity of their social structure and level of technology. Correct
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Which of the following is not a function of social institutions?
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d. supporting members economically Correct
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_____ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.
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a. Habitualization Correct
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One consequence of socialization is that is makes people bearers of culture. Which of these outcomes of socialization is most related to people as bearers of culture?
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The correct answer is: Socialization ultimately produces society itself.
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The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle?
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The correct answer is: All of the above
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Mead's term for the passive, conforming self that reacts to others is the _____.
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The correct answer is: me
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Which of the following is NOT one of Marxs four types of alienation?
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The correct answer is: Alienation from ones religion
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Which of the following is not part of the process of the looking glass self?
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The correct answer is: We watch others and learn the basic rules of identity.
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According to Charles Horton Cooley, the self is formed as we
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c. respond to the expectations that others have of us. Correct
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Most sociologists would probably agree that in the nature-nurture debate,
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The correct answer is: human development is the result of the interaction of natural and social influences.
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Through the process of socialization we do all of the following, except
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d. experience diversity. Correct
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Charles Cooleys concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:
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d. People base their images on how they think other people see them. Correct
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Socialization during childhood is often
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a. direct. Correct
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When people are held captive, deprived of sustenance or otherwise abused they sometimes come to identify with their captor or abuser because they are dependent upon them. This phenomenon has been termed _____.
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a. the Stockholm Syndrome Correct
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Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmeds interaction with the schools bureaucracy is an example of:
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The correct answer is: The hidden curriculum of schools
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How do most sociologists view conformity?
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c. It is possible for some people to conform too much. Correct
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For Mead, the generalized other represents
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d. the roles and expectations of society. Correct
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Socialization agents teach us the social expectations of society. According to the text,
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The correct answer is: everyone is potentially a socializing agent.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?
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a. Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third. Correct
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The term institutionalization can be defined as:
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The correct answer is: The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.
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The central feature of Jean Piaget's social learning theory is that
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The correct answer is: learning and imagination are both important.
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From a symbolic interactionist perspective, the key to the development of self is _____.
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b. reflection and interpretation Correct
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Erik Eriksons theory explains:
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The correct answer is: How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.
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Jean Piaget's work transformed ______ from a belief in mechanistic response to stimuli to the incorporation of imagination in the process of socialization.
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a. social learning theory Correct
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George Herbert Meads specific path of development for individuals is as follows:
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The correct answer is: Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage
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Which of the following is true about the family as an agent of socialization?
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c. Not all families socialize children in the same way or into the expectations. Correct
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______ is interested in how social inequality affects the development of an individual's identity.
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c. Conflict theory Correct
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Which of the following statements is true about the process of socialization?
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a. Socialization begins the moment a person is born. Correct
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The concept anomie can be defined as:
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c. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness. Correct
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Within sociology, the process by which groups and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expectations is called _____.
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c. social control Correct
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Although the process of socialization promotes conformity, individual are also shaped by resistance to conformity and to oppression. This is an argument of _____.
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a. conflict theory Correct
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According to the perspective of ______, the internalization of societal values in the process of socialization is important because it reinforces social consensus.
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The correct answer is: functionalism
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\"Hierarchy can result in dysfunction.\" This is a criticism of:
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a. functionalist theory Correct
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The concept reference groups can be defined as:
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The correct answer is: Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.
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The McDonalidization of Society refers to:
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The correct answer is: The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.
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Sociologists have found that primary groups
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The correct answer is: fulfill a person's expressive needs.
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Which of the following situations is most likely to result in a secondary group becoming a primary group?
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c. a neighborhood digging out after a blizzard has hit Correct
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_____ promote a sense of \"us;\" ____ promote a sense of \"them.\"
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The correct answer is: In-groups; out-groups
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Which of the following is true of reference groups?
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The correct answer is: Reference groups are not \"groups\" in the sense that they involve interaction.
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Cooley originally used the term primary for some groups because
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The correct answer is: they are the first groups we are part of as children.
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Formal organizations
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a. are secondary groups that are organized to accomplish complex tasks efficiently. Correct
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Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a:
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The correct answer is: Utilitarian organization
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An out-group is all of these except:
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The correct answer is: is always a secondary group.
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Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader.
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b. Laissez-faire Correct
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_____ are small and intimate; _____ are larger and short-lived.
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a. Primary groups; secondary groups Correct
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The United States Government is a form of:
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The correct answer is: A bureaucracy
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Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:
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The correct answer is: The group is better informed than they are.
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Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:
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The correct answer is: Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.
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When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michaels basketball team is serving as Michaels _____.
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c. Reference group Correct
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The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:
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The correct answer is: A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.
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Attribution error refers to a situation in which one
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The correct answer is: falsely attributes a person's behavior to membership in a particular group.
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Considering oneself as part of \"people like us\" is an example of being part of _____.
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d. an in-group Correct
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A person reads in the newspaper that a Black youth has been shot by a White police officer. If no other information is available, attribution theory suggests that
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The correct answer is: a Black person will likely believe the shooting was unnecessary, while a White person will assume the officer acted appropriately.
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The sociological term for a set of links between individuals or between other social groups is _____.
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The correct answer is: social network
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Which of the following does not illustrate a common type of attribution error?
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The correct answer is: All of these are illustrations of attribution error.
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An instrumental leader:
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b. Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks. Correct
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The influence of groups
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b. affects how we dress and how we style our hair. Correct
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Georg Simmel is known for his work with:
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The correct answer is: group size effects.
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Which of the following is an example of a dyad?
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b. a married couple Correct
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A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a:
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The correct answer is: Coercive organization
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In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?
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The correct answer is: Authoritarian
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Triadic segregation refers to:
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a. the tendency for triads to develop into a pair and an isolate. Correct
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According to Merton, members of the _____ are most likely to experience the structural strain that produces deviance.
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The correct answer is: lower-class
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Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a:
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The correct answer is: Positive formal sanction
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How do sociologists define deviance?
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b. as behavior that violates social norms Correct
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A strength of conflict theory in terms of understanding deviance is
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a. its insight into the significance of power relationships. Correct
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The strength of labeling theory is that it
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b. acknowledges that the judgments people make about deviance have powerful effects. Correct
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A soldier who kills in battle is not considered deviant, but a murderer is. This illustrates the point that
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b. whether or not behavior is considered deviant depends on the context. Correct
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According to social control theory, deviant behavior occurs
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The correct answer is: when attachment to society breaks down.
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An average of _____ people in the United States fall victim to hate crimes each year?
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c. 195,000 Correct
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Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction?
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d. Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine. Correct
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The term secondary deviance can be defined as:
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b. When a persons self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society. Correct
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Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society?
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a. C. Wright Mills Correct
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When the goals are accepted and the means of attaining the goals are made available to the individual via the social structure, Merton called this ______.
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b. conformity Correct
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A weakness of conflict theory is its failure to recognize
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c. that laws protect most people, not just the affluent. Correct
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In order for something to be considered deviant,
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The correct answer is: it must violate socially created rules and norms.
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Which of the following is an example of informal deviance?
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The correct answer is: body piercing
