question

in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual

answer

Case Study

question

a set of guidelines that the American Sociological Association has established to foster ethical research and professionally responsible scholarship in sociology

answer

Code of Ethics

question

applying a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand

answer

Content Analysis

question

an experimental group that is not exposed to the independent variable

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Control Group

question

when a change in one variable coincides with a change in another variable, but does not necessarily indicate causation

answer

Correlation

question

changed by other variables

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Dependent Variables

question

evidence corroborated by direct experience and/or observation

answer

Empirical Evidence

question

observing a complete social setting and all that it entails

answer

Ethnography

question

the testing of a hypothesis under controlled conditions

answer

Experiment

question

gathering data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or a survey

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Field Research

question

when study subjects behave in a certain manner due to their awareness of being observed by a researcher

answer

Hawthorne Effect

question

an educated guess with predicted outcomes about the relationship between 2 or more variables

answer

Hypothesis

question

cause changes in dependent variables

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Independent Variables

question

a sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing

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Interpretive Framework

question

a one-on-one conversation between the researcher and the subject

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Interview

question

a scholarly research step that entails identifying and studying all existing studies on a topic to create a basis for new research

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Literature Review

question

using secondary data, does not include direct contact with subjects and will not alter or influence people's behaviors

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Nonreactive Research

question

specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study

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Operational Definitions

question

when a researcher immerses himself in a group or social setting in order to make observations from an "insider" perspective

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Participant Observation

question

a defined group serving as the subject of a study

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Population

question

data that are collected directly from firsthand experience

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Primary Data

question

comprise information that is subjective and often based on what is seen in a natural setting

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Qualitative Data

question

represent research collected in numerical form that can be counted

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Quantitative Data

question

a study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population

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Random Sample

question

a measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

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Reliability

question

a detailed, systematic method for conducting research and obtaining data

answer

Research Design

question

small, manageable number of subjects that represent the population

answer

Samples

question

an established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions

answer

Scientific Method

question

using data collected by others but applying new interpretations

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Secondary Data Analysis

question

collect data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionairre

answer

Surveys

question

the degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study

answer

Validity

question

a practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgement during the course of a study and in publishing results

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Value Neutrality

question

C. Valid

answer

A measurement is considered ______ if it actually measures what it is intended to measure, according to the topic of the study. a. reliable b. sociological c. valid d. quantitative

question

C. Variable

answer

Sociological studies test relationships in which change in one ______ causes change in another. a. test subject b. behavior c. variable d. operational definition

question

D. The weight gained

answer

In a study, a group of 10-year-old boys are fed doughnuts every morning for a week and then weighed to see how much weight they gained. Which factor is the dependent variable? a. The doughnuts b. The boys c. The duration of a week d. The weight gained

question

C. Body weigh at least 20% higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height

answer

Which statement provides the best operational definition of "childhood obesity"? a. Children who eat unhealthy foods and spend too much time watching television and playing video games b. A distressing trend that can lead to health issues including type 2 diabetes and heart disease c. Body weight at least 20% higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height d. The tendency of children today to weigh more than children of earlier generations

question

B. Books and articles written by other authors about their studies

answer

Which materials are considered secondary data? a. Photos and letters given to you by another person b. Books and articles written by other authors about their studies c. Information that you have gathered and now have included in your results d. Responses from participants whom you both surveyed and interviewed

question

C. Ethnography

answer

What method did researchers John Mihelich and John Papineau use to study Parrotheads? a. Survey b. Experiment c. Ethnography d. Case study

question

D. Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study

answer

Why is choosing a random sample an effective way to select participants? a. Participants do not know they are part of a study b. The researcher has no control over who is in the study c. It is larger than an ordinary sample d. Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study

question

C. Participant Observation

answer

What research method did John S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd mainly use in their Middletown study? a. Secondary data b. Survey c. Participant observation d. Experiment

question

A. Questionairre

answer

Which research approach is best suited to the scientific method? a. Questionnaire b. Case study c. Ethnography d. Secondary data analysis

question

A. Ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing

answer

The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is: a. ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing b. ethnography subjects are unaware they're being studied c. ethnographic studies always involve minority ethnic groups d. there is no difference

question

B. Its results are not generally applicable

answer

Which best describes the results of a case study? a. It produces more reliable results than other methods because of its depth b. Its results are not generally applicable c. It relies solely on secondary data analysis d. All of the above

question

A. Non-reactive

answer

Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method. a. Non-reactive b. non-participatory c. non-restrictive d. non-confrontive

question

B.In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring schools to remove soft drinks

answer

Which statement illustrates value neutrality? a. Obesity in children is obviously a result of parental neglect and, therefore, schools should take a greater role to prevent it b. In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools c. Merely restricting children's access to junk food at school is not enough to prevent obesity d. Physical activity and healthy eating are a fundamental part of a child's education

question

D. Max Weber

answer

Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality? a. Institutional Review Board (IRB) b. Peter Rossi c. American Sociological Association (ASA) d. Max Weber

question

A. A fast-food restaurant

answer

To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding? a. A fast-food restaurant b. A nonprofit health organization c. A private hospital d. A governmental agency like Health and Social Services

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