SOC 101 Chapter 2 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual
answer
Case Study
question
a set of guidelines that the American Sociological Association has established to foster ethical research and professionally responsible scholarship in sociology
answer
Code of Ethics
question
applying a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand
answer
Content Analysis
question
an experimental group that is not exposed to the independent variable
answer
Control Group
question
when a change in one variable coincides with a change in another variable, but does not necessarily indicate causation
answer
Correlation
question
changed by other variables
answer
Dependent Variables
question
evidence corroborated by direct experience and/or observation
answer
Empirical Evidence
question
observing a complete social setting and all that it entails
answer
Ethnography
question
the testing of a hypothesis under controlled conditions
answer
Experiment
question
gathering data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or a survey
answer
Field Research
question
when study subjects behave in a certain manner due to their awareness of being observed by a researcher
answer
Hawthorne Effect
question
an educated guess with predicted outcomes about the relationship between 2 or more variables
answer
Hypothesis
question
cause changes in dependent variables
answer
Independent Variables
question
a sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing
answer
Interpretive Framework
question
a one-on-one conversation between the researcher and the subject
answer
Interview
question
a scholarly research step that entails identifying and studying all existing studies on a topic to create a basis for new research
answer
Literature Review
question
using secondary data, does not include direct contact with subjects and will not alter or influence people's behaviors
answer
Nonreactive Research
question
specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study
answer
Operational Definitions
question
when a researcher immerses himself in a group or social setting in order to make observations from an "insider" perspective
answer
Participant Observation
question
a defined group serving as the subject of a study
answer
Population
question
data that are collected directly from firsthand experience
answer
Primary Data
question
comprise information that is subjective and often based on what is seen in a natural setting
answer
Qualitative Data
question
represent research collected in numerical form that can be counted
answer
Quantitative Data
question
a study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population
answer
Random Sample
question
a measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced
answer
Reliability
question
a detailed, systematic method for conducting research and obtaining data
answer
Research Design
question
small, manageable number of subjects that represent the population
answer
Samples
question
an established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions
answer
Scientific Method
question
using data collected by others but applying new interpretations
answer
Secondary Data Analysis
question
collect data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionairre
answer
Surveys
question
the degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study
answer
Validity
question
a practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgement during the course of a study and in publishing results
answer
Value Neutrality
question
C. Valid
answer
A measurement is considered ______ if it actually measures what it is intended to measure, according to the topic of the study. a. reliable b. sociological c. valid d. quantitative
question
C. Variable
answer
Sociological studies test relationships in which change in one ______ causes change in another. a. test subject b. behavior c. variable d. operational definition
question
D. The weight gained
answer
In a study, a group of 10-year-old boys are fed doughnuts every morning for a week and then weighed to see how much weight they gained. Which factor is the dependent variable? a. The doughnuts b. The boys c. The duration of a week d. The weight gained
question
C. Body weigh at least 20% higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height
answer
Which statement provides the best operational definition of "childhood obesity"? a. Children who eat unhealthy foods and spend too much time watching television and playing video games b. A distressing trend that can lead to health issues including type 2 diabetes and heart disease c. Body weight at least 20% higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height d. The tendency of children today to weigh more than children of earlier generations
question
B. Books and articles written by other authors about their studies
answer
Which materials are considered secondary data? a. Photos and letters given to you by another person b. Books and articles written by other authors about their studies c. Information that you have gathered and now have included in your results d. Responses from participants whom you both surveyed and interviewed
question
C. Ethnography
answer
What method did researchers John Mihelich and John Papineau use to study Parrotheads? a. Survey b. Experiment c. Ethnography d. Case study
question
D. Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study
answer
Why is choosing a random sample an effective way to select participants? a. Participants do not know they are part of a study b. The researcher has no control over who is in the study c. It is larger than an ordinary sample d. Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study
question
C. Participant Observation
answer
What research method did John S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd mainly use in their Middletown study? a. Secondary data b. Survey c. Participant observation d. Experiment
question
A. Questionairre
answer
Which research approach is best suited to the scientific method? a. Questionnaire b. Case study c. Ethnography d. Secondary data analysis
question
A. Ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing
answer
The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is: a. ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing b. ethnography subjects are unaware they're being studied c. ethnographic studies always involve minority ethnic groups d. there is no difference
question
B. Its results are not generally applicable
answer
Which best describes the results of a case study? a. It produces more reliable results than other methods because of its depth b. Its results are not generally applicable c. It relies solely on secondary data analysis d. All of the above
question
A. Non-reactive
answer
Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method. a. Non-reactive b. non-participatory c. non-restrictive d. non-confrontive
question
B.In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring schools to remove soft drinks
answer
Which statement illustrates value neutrality? a. Obesity in children is obviously a result of parental neglect and, therefore, schools should take a greater role to prevent it b. In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools c. Merely restricting children's access to junk food at school is not enough to prevent obesity d. Physical activity and healthy eating are a fundamental part of a child's education
question
D. Max Weber
answer
Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality? a. Institutional Review Board (IRB) b. Peter Rossi c. American Sociological Association (ASA) d. Max Weber
question
A. A fast-food restaurant
answer
To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding? a. A fast-food restaurant b. A nonprofit health organization c. A private hospital d. A governmental agency like Health and Social Services
