Soc 100 Final – Flashcards

When we “think ourselves away” from the familiar routine to see things in a different, more sociological perspective.

According to Thio, by studying and appreciating social diversity, we ultimately

A scientific theory is

a) new political forms and ideas, such as those expressed in the French Revolution b) New economic forms created in the Industrial Revolution c) New ways of understanding he world in scientific rather than religious terms

suicide rates can increase as a result of excessive isolation from people

An early theorist who saw class conflict as the main source of soical change.

The theoretical approach places gender, class, and race at the core of the theory.

The theoretical approach that uses the analogy of the human body in assessing the role of each part of society in the continuation of society as a whole.

The theoretical perspective holds that the grand narratives that have meaning to history in the past no longer make any sense.

a) increased awareness and understanding of cultural differences b) ability to assess the effects, including unintended consequences of public policies c) increased self understanding d) increased understanding of the implications of globalization in your community

There are many different kinds of variables. A variable that produces an effect on another variable is called an

“The better the grades Sheri gets in school, the better paying job she is likely to get.” In this example, the grades are (blank) variable and occupational income is the (blank) variable.

The research method that would give a rich, detailed, inside view of a particular group, setting, or subculture.

Results can be easily quantified and analyzed

The research method that tests hypotheses under controlled conditions

The use of two or more methods of research to verify results is called

Review the literature (evidence) and familiarize with related research

a) high school students who are members of the chess club b) vegans, that is, strct vegetarians who will not eat eggs or cheese. c) computer hackers who spend their time creating computer viruses d) people who live in Hawaii apart from the core culture

Judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own

The type of society that is described as the oldest, having little inequality, no divisions of rich and poor, few differences in power, emphasis on cooperation rather than competition, participatory decision making, and the use of simple tools.

The linguistic hypothesis holds that language predisposes us to see the world in a certain way was developed by these two.

Lisa attended her friend’s wedding wearing cut-off jeans and a tank top. When the minister began the ceremony, Lisa whistled and cheered. Lisa’s mode of dress and behavior at the wedding was a violation of society’s (blank).

Bob works overtime and he therefore cannot spend as much time with his children as he would like. He feels guilty but knows that if he does not work overtime he could lose his job. The is an example of (Blank).

Production of goods through mass employment in business and commercial operations

assessing society by its own cultural standards is known as (blank)

Charles is always overwhelmed with work; among the many activities he develops apart from being a father, he has to write papers, teach too many courses, attend the conference, advise his students, and cheer on his colleagues. His situation is an example of (blank).

the process of changing from a technologically simple society to a more complex one with significant consequences for social and cultural life.

a research method that involves askig questions about opinions, beliefs, or behaviors.

A system of domination which men exercise power over women.

The systematic, scientific study of human society

Durkheim’s terms for the struggle between capitalists, who own the means of production, and the proletariat, who do not.

A group whose members interact formally, relate to each other as players of particular roles, and expect to profit from each other

A collection of relatively objective ideas and facts about the physical and social worlds.

Always subject to verification or refutation by other scientists.

The sociologist searches for new knowledge in the data collected earlier by another researcher.

regular social interaction with adults

A child learns to act like adults she observes. Mead refers to this behavior.

Social scientists have developed alternative theories of child development. All the theroies of child socialization share a common understanding of…

When a child learns with his senses and body interact with the environment

Jean Piaget’s theory of child development learning how to think is based on

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, at the third level of moral development, young adults have a postconventional morality, which takes into account the importance of.

Frank is a young boy whose parents surrounded him with books, challenging discussions, and ideas. Based on our understanding of socialization, Frank is probably…

According to George Herbert Mead, when children learn to internalize the values of society as a whole, the take the role of the…

John received a work promotion that will permit him more autonomy than his previous position. Sociologists see these new responsibilities as part of John’s…

a) biological factors b) social influences c) cultural differences d) economic circumstances

Social identity focuses on similarities among people, whereas self-identity focuses on individual differences.

Brooke likes to pretend taht she is a firefighter. She uses her mother’s garden hose to put out pretend fires and climbs trees to rescue her teddy. Mead would say that she is…

In the fifth stage of the Levels of Development of The Self, the ‘WE’ represents…

Bobby receives good grades in school, he is outgoing and participates in several extra-curricular activities. Cooley would suggest that Bobby…

Lev Grossman states that the major reason young people have to live back with their parents is because…

Two people walking on a city sidewalk quickly glace at each other and then look away as they pass. Erving Goffman called this type of inteaction…

it gives us insight into the similarities and varieties of behaviors

The study of folk methods people use to make sense of what others say and do

the conversations among roommates in a college dormitory

a) Contact between people becomes indirect rather than face-to-face. b) People become isolated from one another as we all work at our own computers. c) We lose then ability to interpret other people’s faces and other forms of nonverbal communication. d) It takes more time to communicate what we want and feel.

riding the bus to work

Everyday life is an important part of understanding the social world. The pioneering sociologist who developed it and emphasized the importance of understanding it was…

Examining social interation in everyday life allows sociologists to see how relatively unimportant language is in creating social reality.

adds a new and different dimension to the study of everyday life.

Tom see his coworkers as competitors and tends not to share information with any of them. He would be involved in (blank) interaction with his coworkers.

When the two sexes communicate with each other, women tend to use the language of connection and intimacy, and men the language of…

Julian was a salesman who took a prospective client to dinner. He dressed carefully, spoke in a confident way, and hoped his guest did not notice his obvious flaws. Julian was involved in…

The process by which people create through social interaction a certain idea, feeling, or belief about their environment is called the…

Humor makes us laugh because almost all jokes contain…

The use of space as a means of communication

Made possible by socialization

As a distinct phase of life between infancy and teenage did not arise until the past two or three centuries.

Freud’s term for the part of personality that is irrational, concerned only with seeking pleasure

A couple married less than a year

A person measures his or her own worth by this.

people waiting at Terminal C for flight 181

a) It’s not what you know, it’s who you know b) Not all networks are social groups. c) The Bohemian Grove is an elite network.

That term that sociologists use to refer to a group with an identifiable membership that engages in concerted collective actions to achieve a specific goal.

Jane was in charge of a difficult project in a large office. She was a tough leader and kept pushing people to accomplish the project’s goals. She would be an example of an (blank)

A family enjoying a picnic at the beach.

Japanese corporations differ from the bureaucratic model followed by most business organizations in the West in this way.

a) Ownership is not in the hands of the workers. b) There is a complete separation between work ad home life c) Each job has a definite and fixed salary attached to it. d) A set of rules governs the conduct of officials at all levels of the organization.

Larger groups, such as fraternities, are less intimate than small cliques, but the fraternities are a more stable group and relationships.

The increased of regulated and standardized of society due to automation.

The privilege that allows leaders to deviate from their group’s norms.

A standard for judging one’s attitudes and behaviors

People with a common characteristic, such as gender, occupation, or ethnicity, but not necessarily interacting with each other nor gather in one place.

Among the informal controls that we have in our society, the most effective to control deviance is…

Tom Brown was the supervisor of a group of computer programmers. He provided support if needed, but generally allowed member of his group to work by themselves.

Early attempts to explain deviant behavior in individuals were based on the assumption that crime was committed mostly by people with certain physical traits.

Alex Thio reviews the variety of behaviors that is punishable by fines or jail terms, and concludes that…

If you live in a high crime area, many people you will befriend will be involved in criminal activities, thus increasing your opportunity to learn criminal behavior. The conceptual context for this phenomenon is known as…

They learn criminal behavior from peers.

Deviants are labeled as such by powerful groups who use the label to control the less powerful.

The first day of college, you may have felt a little uncertain about how to behave. Durkheim and other sociologists would describe your feelings as…

Many characteristics of organizations appear orthodox, but activities are all illegal, easy to evade law enforcements, they are called…

are more likely to create hardened criminals than rehabilitated them.

a) A pesticide company dumps pollutants into the local river. b) Food manufacturers label an item as light when in fact in has as many calories as the regular item. c) Auto mobile companies manufacture a car or truck with a high possibility of an explosion on impact with another object. d) Corporate executives lie about company profits.

The two theories that explain deviance are classified as symbolic interactionist.

Most evidence about the impact of capital punishment on murder rates supports the conclusion that capital punishment is….

The popular perception of rape is that it is committed by strangers. However, research suggests that many rapes are not reported because they are committed by…

NOT a reason why college students become binge drinkers

The current ‘war on drugs’ focuses on cutting off the supplies of drugs rather than…

The maintenance of written and computerized records by modern organizations is form of…

A style that sees human resources issues as the responsibility of the whole organization, not just the human resources department.

begins from the assumption that all deviant acts are intrinsically criminal.

According to Merton, (blank) wants to replace old values and change the social structure.

A person’s life chances are significantly influenced by his or her position.

This conceptualizes the idea that your probability of economic success is largely dependent on your background.

The boundaries between classes are very clear cut.

During the twentieth century, the real income of blue-collar workers in Western societies has (blank) overall, though it has (blank) in the past twenty years.

a) education b) parents’ social class c) discrimination

People who work in blue-collar and pink-collar occupations.

a) economic globalization, which led to high unemployment among the unskilled sectors of the lower class b) racial discrimination in hiring for the remaining low-skilled jobs in urban centers c) changes in government policies that cut back or eliminated welfare programs d) the cycle of poverty that is reinforced among the poor.

the movement of individuals and groups between class positions.

Social mobility resulting from changes in the number and kinda of occupations in a society.

Karl Marx called those who own the means of production (blank) and those who make their living by selling their own labor power for a wage (blank).

a) Some companies have lowered wages to compete with other companies that use cheaper third world labor. b) Globalization has encouraged immigration to the United States, thus increasing the low wage labor pool and pushing wages down. c) Labor unions have been weakened by globalization

It is a stratification system based on one’s fix position at birth.

Consumerism and consumption have blurred class differences to some extent in our society. Television and widespread mall stores reinforce the idea that there are no intense class boundaries. Consumerism and consumption, however, do NOT alleviate…

unskilled and semi-skilled jobs moving overseas, and dramatic cutbacks of government assistance programs.

Having your child work at a fast food restaurant after school.

the poor passively accept their circumstance

cultural practices and outlooks, including language, history, ancestry, religion, and styles of dress or adornment that end to set people apart.

When people assimilate in to the larger culture, but occasionally participate in ethnic customs, they are practicing…

Preconceived opinions or attitudes held by members of one group toward another are defined as…

Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinction is…

Racism that is not simply the opinions of a small segment of the population but systematically pervades all of a society’s structures and operations is known as:

John celebrates Bastille Day every year by putting out his French flag, drinking French wine, and eating French food. His friend Charles didn’t even know John was French until he attended his latest party. This is an example of…

When a group takes over the attitudes and language of the dominant community.

a) As cultural symbols, white and black have long been seen as opposites in European culture, with white representing purity and black symbolizing evil. b) The concept of race itself was invented and spread by Europeans in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. c) Racism was needed to justify the exploitation of nonwhite peoples by Europeans.

A family that leaves Liberia to escape the civil war moves to Minneapolis, Minnesota, because they can work at a family business.

most people are not physically distinctive.

feeling negatively about people from a particular ethnic group.

The long histories of discrimination in education, the economy, politics, and other areas of American life has resulted in…

A social psychological cause of prejudice and discrimination.

According to Robert K. Merton’s analysis of prejudice ad discrimination, the KKK is…

welcoming men to join women in addressing problems that affect both sexes

According to Naomi Wolf, the reason why women have not recognized their power as a majority of the voting population

Cross-cultural studies concerning gender roles suggest that in other societies…

nature accounts only for physical differences between men and women

According to research, many of the sexual differences found in early childhood, such as boys’ superiority in math, are due to

Women play an important role but they far from achieving equality

the basic division of labor underlying traditional gender roles in the United States has been accompanied by many popular

Mollie wanted to enter a political race against a man. This statement is most likely based on Sexism.

any conduct that makes the workplace environment hostile or abusive.

Women are still far from economically equal to men

like other minority groups, they face prejudice and discrimination.

Social factors that may contribute to the aging process include all of the following EXCEPT

can aggravate the impact of chronic problems of the elderly

building on the extensive life experience of older learners

As the number of elderly people continues to grow, which area of public policy will feel the greatest burden

a) The young old tend to be more educated b) The young old grew up during a time of economic prosperity c) The young old went to school, acquired wealth, and stable employment.

The family that one established through marriage, consisting of oneself and one’s spouse and the future children, is called a family of….

In most societies, people are required to practice, (blank) which is the act of marrying someone from outside one’s group.

The aspects of family life that would be of the most interest to symbolic interactionists.

It provides for intrinsic satisfaction as opposed to extrinsic rewards.

one form of family in the United States that has become very common

In modern American society, for the most part, families prefer (blank) residential patterns.

has cultural encouragement

almost always benefits both husband and wife

Jane was married but after a while she became more concerned about her own needs and interests. She decided to get a divorce an dgo back to school. Her experience was based on what cause of divorce?

Two reasons for the increase in single-parent families are increased divorce and

develop the same as children raised by heterosexual parents.

has raised concerns about the institution of marriage.

In the US, gay couples generally do not have the same legal protection and financial benefits as heterosexual couples. Recently, a number of cities in the U.S. have addressed the issue by providing unmarried couples a…

many diverse forms of the family.

Vary greatly from culture to culture.