question

The most obvious problem of children with E/BD is

answer

lack of close emotional ties

question

The problematic behavior of children and youth with EBD tends to be

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episodic, highly variable, and situation specific

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In contrast to the present federal definition, the proposed National Mental Health and Special Education Coalition definition of E/BD

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recognizes that disorders of emotion and behavior may occur separately or in combination

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Two broad dimensions of behavior disorders are

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externalizing and internalizing

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According to the federal government, what percentage of the school-age population is identified for special education services under the category of "emotional disturbance"?

answer

less than 1%

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Each of the following statements about children with E/BD is true EXCEPT

answer

-*most students identified are psychotic* -aggressive acting-out behavior is most common -juvenile delinquency and conduct disorder cannot be clearly distinguished from emotional disturbance -boys outnumber girls

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The causes of E/BD have been attributed to each of the following EXCEPT

answer

-*membership in a particular cultural group* -biological disorders and diseases -undesirable school experiences -pathological family relationships

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A biologically determined behavioral style is a

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temperament

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Each of the following statements about biological causes of E/BD is true EXCEPT

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-*Causes are usually exclusively biological or exclusively psychological* -Medical approaches may be of little benefit if psychological and social aspects are not addressed -Medical treatment is seldom the only intervention needed -If a disorder has a biological cause it can still be an emotional or behavioral disorder.

question

Each of the following is true regarding school practices and development of E/BD EXCEPT

answer

-Children may become better or worse, depending on how they are managed in the classroom -A child's temperament and social competence interact with behaviors of peers and teachers. -*We know which specific school experiences contribute to E/BD* -Teachers need to be aware of how their academic instruction and behavior management approaches may contribute to student's misconduct.

question

Despite problems in defining E/BD, most children with severe E/BD are easily recognized because

answer

their behavior attracts immediate attention

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Bert is a nine-year-old boy with E/BD. If he is like the typical child with E/BD, his IQ score probably falls in which range on standardized tests?

answer

dull-normal

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On standardized achievement tests, most students with E/BD perform...

answer

below grade level

question

Many social learning theorists and behavioral psychologists believe that aggression is

answer

a learned behavior

question

Which of the following statements about depression is true?

answer

Suicide is among the leading causes of death among young people

question

All credible conceptual models of education have two objectives. They are...

answer

controlling misbehavior and teaching academic and social skills

question

To maximize their effectiveness, programs for students with E/BD should provide a balance between...

answer

behavioral control and academic/social instruction

question

The importance of integrated services for students with E/BD means that

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schools, families, and community agencies should cooperate to meet students' needs

question

In comparison to the percentage of students with most other disabilities, students with E/BD are more likely to be educated in

answer

more restrictive settings

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Each of the following is true of instructional considerations for students with E/BD EXCEPT

answer

Many incarcerated youths actually receive better instruction because they are in a highly structured environment

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In the case of discipline, "zero tolerance" means that

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the circumstances surrounding an incident are not weighed in deciding what the consequences should be; only the act itself is questioned

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With respect to monitoring the progress of students with E/BD,

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academic as well as behavioral assessment is usually necessary

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It is difficult to design a specific education program for E/BD at the secondary level because

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this category of youths is so varied

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Transition from school to work is particularly difficult for many adolescents with E/BD for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

answer

-*over-emphasis on vocational training rather than academics* -a high rate of dropping out of school -neglectful, abusive, or inadequate family relationships -behavior that is unacceptable to peers and employers

question

Among children and adolescents with E/BD, the future is especially grim for those with

answer

conduct disorders

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A physician credited with being the first to address the issue of attention deficits in the professional literature is

answer

Melchior Adam Weikard

question

Which of the following is a way that Still's cases were similar to today's population of persons with ADHD?

answer

Many had average intelligence

question

A person diagnosed as ADHD is more likely than most people to exhibit

answer

perseveration

question

What do many authorities currently suggest should replace inattention as the primary deficit in ADHD?

answer

behavioral inhibition

question

Each of the following is a subdivision of ADHD according to the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual EXCEPT

answer

-predominantly inattentive type -combined type -*predominantly lethargic-inattentive type* -predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type.

question

What percentage of the school-age population does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report as having ADHD?

answer

7-9%

question

Students with ADHD receive special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in which category?

answer

idk?? -other health impaired (OHI) -ADHD -learning disabilities

question

Each of the following is true EXCEPT

answer

idk??? -Gender differences in diagnosis of ADHD are likely due to biological differences -the growth of the Other Health Impaired category suggests that students with ADHD are identified as OHI -Statistics show that ADHD is largely a U.S. phenomenon -ADHD occurs much more frequently in boys than in girls.

question

All of the following are often used as part of the process of diagnosing children with ADHD EXCEPT

answer

-teacher-and parent-rating scales -a medical exam -*neuroimaging* -a clinician interviewing parents and child.

question

Which statement about the brains of people with ADHD is true?

answer

Neuroimaging techniques have shown there is a neurological basis for ADHD

question

The part of the brain responsible for executive functions such as the ability to regulate one's own behavior is the

answer

frontal lobes

question

All of the following are true EXCEPT

answer

-Exposure to lead and the abuse of alcohol by pregnant women increases the likelihood of ADHD -It is highly unlikely that playing video games as a cause of ADHD -It is highly unlikely that watching TV as a cause of ADHD -*There is some suggestive evidence that food allergies may cause ADHD for a very small subgroup of children*

question

All of the following are examples of behavioral inhibition EXCEPT

answer

-*working for immediate gratification or short-term rewards* -the ability to wait one's turn -resisting potential distractions while working -refraining from interrupting in conversations

question

All of the following are ways that people with ADHD can exhibit problems with executive function EXCEPT

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-They have difficulty with inhibitory control -They have difficulty with working memory -*They have difficulty telling right from wrong* -They have difficulty with mental flexibility

question

Compared to students with other disabilities, students with ADHD

answer

are more disliked by their peers

question

ADHD has been shown to often coexist with each of the following EXCEPT

answer

-substance abuse -emotional or behavioral disorders -learning disabilities -*giftedness*

question

About how many children with ADHD also have learning disabilities?

answer

50%

question

The National Institute of Health recommends all of the following for students with ADHD EXCEPT

answer

a strong emphasis on student-directed learning.

question

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, all of the following are recommendations for teaching children with ADHD EXCEPT

answer

-Have a place for everything, keep everything in its place -Follow the same routine every day -*Take advantage of their inherent fear of punishment* -Have clear and consistent rules

question

A teaching model that includes content instruction by one teacher to a large group of students and remedial or supplementary instruction by the other teacher to a small group of students is

answer

Alternative Teaching

question

Which of the following statements about Ritalin is true?

answer

Ritalin is not effective for about 30% of people who take it

question

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the treatment for ADHD that shows the most effective immediate results is

answer

combined medication management and behavioral management

question

For students with ADHD, assessment of progress

answer

IDK?? should focus on academics, not attention. is similar to the approaches used for students with learning disabilities. is best accomplished by analyzing performance on standardized tests.

question

Diagnosis of young children with ADHD is particularly difficult because

answer

many preschoolers without ADHD exhibit a great deal of activity and impulsivity

question

Students with ADHD who have not received special education in high school

answer

should obtain the documentation they need for colleges to provide them with appropriate accommodations

question

Each of the following is an element of the NJCLD definition of learning disabilities EXCEPT

answer

-*Spelling is a specific manifestation of learning disabilities* -Learning disabilities are due to central nervous system dysfunction -Learning disabilities can occur concurrently with mental retardation -Learning disabilities are a lifelong condition.

question

One of the major advantages of the response to intervention method of identifying learning disabilities is that

answer

it ensures that a student's low achievement is not simply due to ineffective instruction

question

In a typical school of 1000 students, about how many students identified as learning disabled would you expect to find?

answer

50

question

Changes in the number of students in the learning disabilities category has been attributed to all of the following factors EXCEPT

answer

idk??? -poor diagnostic procedures. -increase in prevalence of mental retardation. -increase in poverty and stress on families and children.

question

Each of the following is suggested as an explanation for why boys outnumber girls in the learning disabilities category EXCEPT

answer

lower academic expectations for girls

question

Over the years, evidence has accumulated showing that learning disabilities

answer

can be inherited

question

All of the following are true EXCEPT

answer

-*Toxins have been ruled out as a potential cause of learning disabilities* -Learning disabilities tend to run in families -Premature birth can result in learning disabilities -Most geneticists agree that there is no single gene that causes learning disabilities.

question

John, Jim, and Ann are fifth-grade students with learning disabilities. Which one of the following statements best illustrates the concept of interindividual differences?

answer

John has problems with math, while Ann has problems with reading.

question

By definition, every student with learning disabilities has

answer

academic problems

question

Students with poor phonological skills are most likely to have problems with which aspect of written language?

answer

spelling

question

When writing creatively, students with learning disabilities tend to

answer

use less complex sentence structures than their peers

question

An academic area that may cause just as much trouble for students with learning disabilities as reading is

answer

math

question

Students with learning disabilities have what type(s) of memory problems?

answer

short term memory or working memory and retrieval of information from long-term memory

question

Which one of the following problems best illustrates difficulty in metacognition?

answer

Oscar neglects to slow down when reading a difficult passage

question

Individuals who have a cluster of disabilities in social interaction, math, visual-spatial tasks, and tactual tasks are referred to as having

answer

nonverbal learning disabilities

question

Cognitive training involves all of the following EXCEPT

answer

multisensory training

question

A method in which assistance is provided to students when they are first learning tasks, then gradually reduced until the students do the tasks independently is

answer

scaffolded instruction

question

Repeated readings is a technique specifically used to improve

answer

reading fluency

question

Visual devices that employ lines, circles, and boxes to organize information are

answer

graphic organizers

question

A method involving breaking down academic problems into their component parts that can be taught separately and then combined is called

answer

talk analysis

question

The most common placement for students with learning disabilities is

answer

general education classroom

question

All of the following practices are typical of curriculum-based assessment EXCEPT

answer

-use of curriculum the student has been exposed to -*comparison of child to national norms* -frequent observation of child's behavior -testing completed by classroom teacher

question

The most common testing accommodations for students with learning disabilities are

answer

extended time and small group administration

question

Rather than talking about identification of learning disabilities at the preschool level, educators emphasize

answer

prediction

question

According to the Council for Exceptional Children special education teachers of students with learning disabilities should be able to do all of the following EXCEPT

answer

-address a variety of academic learning problems, such as reading, math, and spelling -to teach academic skills in several different settings, such as individually or in small or large groups -help students apply these academic skills in the general education content areas, such as science and social studies -*teach the exact same content as the general education teacher*

question

Communication requires

answer

encoding and decoding

question

Encoding, or sending messages, is referred to as

answer

expressive language

question

"Phonology" refers to linguistic rules governing

answer

particular sounds and how they are sequenced

question

The meanings and concepts people attach to words and sentences are referred to as

answer

semantics

question

All of the following are examples of speech disorders EXCEPT

answer

semantic disorder

question

It is difficult to estimate the prevalence of communication disorders primarily because

answer

there is so much overlap with other categories of disability

question

Approximately what percentage of children identified for special education receives services primarily for speech or language disorders?

answer

20%

question

Which statement is true concerning the comparison between the language of a normally developing child and one with a language disorder?

answer

The sequence of development is similar, but milestones are reached at later years by the child with a disorder

question

Many children do not learn to produce all speech sounds correctly until they

answer

are 8-9 years old

question

The theory that language depends on brain development and proper brain functioning and that language disorders resulting from brain dysfunction can sometimes be compensated for is the theory of

answer

biological maturation

question

At present, which theory of communication is considered to have the most direct implications for speech-language pathologists and teachers?

answer

pragmatic or social interaction

question

Each of the following statements about classification of language disorders is true EXCEPT

answer

-A significant percentage of the children who show language impairments in kindergarten will have obvious reading problems by second grade -If by age 2 years a child is not using two-word utterances, he might be considered to have early expressive language delay (EELD) -About half the children whose language development is delayed at age 2 will gradually catch up developmentally -*Difficulty in using language in social interactions and relationships is an exclusive feature of secondary language disorders*

question

Specific language impairment refers to

answer

language disorders with no identifiable cause

question

A failure of the child to understand the rules for producing the sounds of their language at an age-appropriate level and in a culturally appropriate way represents

answer

phonological disorders

question

The dimensions of voice are

answer

pitch, loudness, and quality

question

What percentage of children and adults are considered stutterers?

answer

1%

question

Due to a brain injury, Ethan has difficulty selecting and sequencing speech. He knows he makes errors and what he wants to say, but simply cannot. Henry's condition is

answer

acquired apraxia

question

The primary role of the classroom teacher is to facilitate development of which aspect of language?

answer

pragmatics

question

Which one of the following is an example of an alternative question-asking strategy?

answer

reducing the complexity of a question

question

The ability to transfer written words into speech is

answer

decoding

question

All of the following are guidelines that teachers and parents can follow when talking with children with speech and language disorders EXCEPT

answer

Lead the discussion

question

Which of the following statements about written language development is true?

answer

As students progress throughout the grades, written language takes on increasing importance

question

Methods of progress monitoring that involve a cycle of teaching, followed by testing, and then reteaching as necessary are

answer

dynamic assessments

question

Much of a child's language and social development depend on two characteristics of language interaction the child has with caregivers. What are the characteristics?

answer

nature and quantity of the language

question

Each of the following statements about adolescents and adults with speech and language problems is true EXCEPT

answer

-People with severe disabilities may need to be taught an alternative to oral language or be given an augmentative communication system -There may be problems settings realistic goals for speech and language learning -They might refer themselves to a speech-language pathologist because of social embarrassment -*The loss of the ability to speak is typically more disabling than the loss of the ability to use language*

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