Skills Evidence And Logical Fallacies – Flashcards

Which of the following is a type of evidence? I. empirical II. statistical III. anecdotal

Which statement is an opinion? Acanthaster planci, also known as the crown-of-thorns starfish, is a carnivorous starfish that preys on coral. In the reefs off the north coast of Jamaica, one can find a species of Monatrea annularis, which is flat to capture light efficiently. Stony coral is one example of the Hexacoral polyps and has tentacles in groups of six. People must take action now to protect coral reefs by reducing pollution and emissions of noxious gases

Statistics that are used to draw conclusions about larger groups are called __________. inferential descriptive analogical anecdotal

Read the excerpt from the eResource below and answer the question that follows. An examination of a school handbook from a local public high school shows that the "expectations" of students are more like laws by which a citizen must abide to live in a society. "Respect the teacher's position as leader in the classroom . . . " sounds like a statement of a tyrant. These "expectations" seem forced upon the students with no freedom. If schools want students to be successful citizens, they should allow students to take the courses they want and let them breathe. Which change would make the evidence stronger?

Which logical fallacy often includes a premise that appeals to what is believed or done by the mainstream or the elite? hasty generalization popular appeal faulty analogy equivocation

Read the argument and answer the question that follows. That baseball team won the World Series, so the players must be outrageously talented baseball players. Which logical fallacy is present in this argument?

What are the two types of statistics? observation and experiment descriptive and inferential observation and sampling illustration and analogy

Which of the following is a fallacy of syllogism? non sequitur personal attack division argument from the negative

What is a logical fallacy? a mistake in thinking or reasoning a system of thought analysis a true or false statement a process of reaching conclusions

Which statement is a fact? Coralline algae, sponges, and other organisms contribute to reef growth. Coral reefs should be protected by environmental laws. Coral reefs are the most diverse and beautiful of all marine habitats. We should respect coral reef researchers like Thomas Goreau, who began working on coral reefs in the 1950s

What is anecdotal evidence? When should it be used (and not used) in a research paper?

Which argument could be an example of a hasty generalization?

Which of the following is a fallacy of ambiguity? I. division II. personal attack III. appeal to a lack of evidence I only III only I and III II and III

Read the premise for an argument below and answer the question that follows. Any species that is in danger of extinction should be legally protected. Is this premise a fact or an opinion? Why? It's a fact because it can be verified as true or false that endangered species should be protected by government action through legal means. It's an opinion because it is a belief based on the perspective that the government should be involved in stopping the extinction of animals. It's an opinion because it can be verified as true or false that endangered species should be protected by government action through legal means. It's a fact because it is a belief based on the perspective that the government should be involved in stopping the extinction of animals.

Write an example of an argument that suffers from a faulty analogy. Then, explain why it does not prove the point being argued

Read the argument below and complete the instructions that follow. (1) American schools should utilize a national curriculum to ensure that all students graduate from the public school system with the same background, knowledge, and skills. (2) Currently, there is a great variation in the content to which students are exposed depending on what schools they attend, where they live, and even how much money families have to invest in education. (3) This observation is particularly evident in English classes because there is a lot of variation between the literature read in classrooms across the country. (4) In 1992, the National Council of Teachers of English gathered data from schools in the United States to research the most frequently required titles in grades 9 through 12. (5) The study found that there are substantial differences between the percentage of public schools covering these titles (ranging from 54% to 84%) and the percentage of private schools covering these titles (ranging from 34% to 74%). (6) While it is true that the most frequently required titles are not necessarily the best or most representative of titles available, a national curriculum can ensure that students may start college familiar with a foundation in literature pivotal to American culture and cultures around the world. Evaluate the argument above, paying special attention to the evidence used. Label each sentence as either fact or opinion

Explain fallacies of omission and give examples of this fallacy.

Which of the following is a fallacy of syllogism? I. non sequitur II. faulty analogy III. hasty generalization I only III only I and II I, II, and III

Which of the following is a fallacy of relevance? I. equivocation II. popular appeal III. argument from the negative II only III only I and II I, II, and III

Write an example of an argument that suffers from the fallacy of an argument from the negative. Then, explain why it does not prove the point being argued.

A statistic that describes a sampled group is called __________. anecdotal inferential analogical descriptive

What is the difference between a fact and an opinion? Opinions can be verifiable as true or false, while facts cannot. Facts can be verifiable as true or false, while opinions cannot. Facts are based on feelings, beliefs, and perspectives. Opinions are not based on feelings, beliefs, and perspectives

Read the excerpt from the eResource below and answer the question that follows. An examination of a school handbook from a local public high school shows that the "expectations" of students are more like laws by which a citizen must abide to live in a society. "Respect the teacher's position as leader in the classroom . . . " sounds like a statement of a tyrant. These "expectations" seem forced upon the students with no freedom. If schools want students to be successful citizens, they should allow students to take the courses they want and let them breathe. Which change would make the evidence stronger? supporting the analogical evidence with empirical evidence by providing a comparison to a similar situation in a foreign country supporting the empirical evidence with anecdotal evidence by giving an example of how a specific teacher enforced the rules supporting the anecdotal evidence with empirical evidence by examining a range of school handbooks from various public schools supporting the anecdotal evidence with empirical evidence that suggests schools are wasting money by enforcing rules

What is the difference between a fact and an opinion? Opinions can be verifiable as true or false, while facts cannot. Facts can be verifiable as true or false, while opinions cannot. Facts are based on feelings, beliefs, and perspectives. Opinions are not based on feelings, beliefs, and perspectives.

Which of the following are fallacies of relevance? equivocation and division hasty generalization and false analogy faulty analogy and non sequitur popular appeal and personal attack

A statistic is a(n) __________ that describes groups or samples of objects. observation analogy number experiment