Site and Situations; Africa, SW Asia – Flashcards

Part of the Maghreb because of the Atlas mountain range. Low lat. A mountainous country of western North Africa. Situated directly across the Strait of Gibraltar from Spain. Economically weak-hundreds of thousands have migrated to Europe. East coast-separated from Algeria by the Atlas Mountains. Western Sahara (S). Access to the Atlantic Ocean along the West coast=shipping and fishing. Mountains capture moisture=water source + Mediterranean climate. Soil is good for agriculture= *Oranges, grains (Sorghum and Millet). Phosphates (PH) from the Sahara ($). Dual economy-part of the crops go to the locals, the other to international trade. Largest trade with EU (European union). North country is fertile, south is desert (GHP). Located above the African Transition zone where the Arab-Islamic realm transitions into the Sahara Desert.

part of the Maghreb because of the Atlas mountain range. Low lat. Large country in northern Africa. Access to the Mediterranean Sea (N). (E)=Tunisia and Libya, (S)=Niger, Mali and Mauritania. (W)=Morocco and Western Sahara. Atlas mountains in the North=Mediterranean climate=wetter=good agriculture. Known for it's vineyards and wines, citrus groves and dates. Dual economy. Substantial Oil and gas reserves (OPEC member). 2/3 of trade is with EU, United States after that. Frances import of wine dropped after the country gained independence. PH=($). Sahara covers 4/5 of the country to the south (GHP). Primate city-Algiers, on the Mediterranean coast, houses nearly 10% of all people in Algeria. Large Muslim Population. Sits right above the African Transition zone where the Arab-Islamic realm transitions into the Sahara Desert.

East part of the Maghreb states because of the Atlas mountain range. Small country in N Africa. Algeria lies west and Libya East. North lies on the Mediterranean Sea= trade. Atlas mountains help moderate weather in north. South=steppe and desert (GHP). Mostly Muslim population. Leading exporter of olive oil. Heavy trade with EU, import and export. Sits right above the African Transition zone where the Arab-Islamic realm transitions into the Sahara Desert.

Country in the North part of Africa, underneath Italy. Faces the Mediterranean Sea between Maghreb states (W) and Egypt (E). South part of the country lies in the Sahara Desert (GHP)=population north by the coast, away from arid climate. Small agriculture possibility in NW and NE. Inland oil makes the economy (OPEC member)-Linked by pipelines to the coasts to aid shipping. Exports go to; Italy, Germany, France, Tunisia, Turkey (neighbors across Mediterranean sea). Heavy Muslim population. Country is in political chaos after the previous dictator was gone-several groups vie for power.

To the north is the Mediterranean Sea, to the east is the Red Sea, to the south is The Sudan, and to the west is Libya. About 95% of the population here lives within 10 miles of the Nile River Valley. Its coast overlooks the strategic Gulf of Aqaba (northernmost arm of the Red Sea). Egypt also controls the Suez Canal, which is a vital link between the Indian and Atlantic oceans. It is also a lifeline of Europe. The Nile is very significant to this region. Canals were being built away from the river but this created problems so they decided to build a dam. The Dam increased the land and the population exploded. Caused conflict with Sudan because the Dam stopped the flow of the Nile to their Region-they don't get the same water they used to. Heavy Muslim population.

It is a horizontal border between the north part of Africa and the south part of Africa. It includes parts of Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, Eritrea, and Somalia. This region is conflicted because of two different groups of people. North=Arab and Muslim. South=black African and Christian. South is wetter, can do some agriculture. North is very dry mostly herding animals. Graze until grass is gone. It is very poor since it does not have good resources.

This is an area in The Sudan that mirrors the Sahel. There has been conflict between the arabs of North Sudan and Darfur due to environmental conflicts. This conflict has led to genocide. Also, the water in this area is located in the northern part which is problematic because it is closer to where most of the arab population is.

It has the Black Sea to the N, Mediterranean Sea, Syria, and Iraq to the S, and Iran to the E. Good geographic position. Control access in and out of black sea. Has control over Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This could be good for trade and access. Wetter than rest of the region because it is out of the GHP system and is mountainous. More people live here than other places. Spread the Turkish language to central Asia- so strong links to this region. Good bridge between west and middle east so maybe a future mediator between these two regions. Modernized turkey made it closer to Europe. Now have western code and part of NATO and on its way to be part of EU. Proximity to Syrian= refugees. This may cause conflict.

is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. Syria tends to be more rural, agrarian. 75% Sunni-muslim, the ruling elite is the smaller Shi'ite Islamic sect. Mediterranean coastline-crops can be raised without irrigation. Cotton and wheat grown near Turkish border-orontes river=irrigation. NE- Euphrates river is crucial. Oil in NE provinces but conflict prevented them from being used- Arab Spring movement.

It has Syria to the N and E, it has Israel to the S, and Mediterranean Sea to the W. It is all desert, but does get more precipitation than other places bc mountains catch some water.Therefore, it is a very populated area. Has diamond trade here. People who want to buy these diamonds come here. Terrorists would go and bomb Israel. This caused Israel to invade Lebanon. Culturally complex divided by religious ethnic groups. This caused conflict and militia groups. Prox to Syria=refugees. Cause conflict. Economy is uncertain because of this conflict.Good access to the sea

Small country; Mediterranean Sea on the W coast, Lebanon (N), Egypt (SW), Syria (NE), Jordan (E/SE). Mediterranean coast=nice climate, inland=fertile-agriculture- N=out of GHP. Mediterranean coastline-crops can be raised without irrigation. S-Negev desert in GHP. Cultural Island=(retain their culture and history)-A jewish state at the center of the Arab World=Conflict-has taken Golan heights from Syria, West Bank from Jordan, Gaza Strip from Egypt and conquered the entire Sinai Peninsula all the way to Egypt's Suez Canal-later returned Sinai to egypt. Conflict=palestinian Arab refugees. Jordan River=natural border separating West Bank from Jordan. West bank=still population by Palestine, Israel built a security barrier around the area-protection from invasion. Not a lot of resources-little oil. Trade agreement with EU, U.S.A and a member of World Trade Organization.

an Arab kingdom in the Middle East, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north, and Israel and Palestine to the west. Poverty stricken-lacking oil reserves, has small outlet to Gulf of Aqaba-relies heavily on foreign aid- U.S, British and others. Lost West Bank to Israel.

A country is SW Asia "Middle East"- nearly landlocked. Largest in population and territorial size. Small outlet to the Persian Gulf (SE). Bordered to the north by Turkey (crucial river lifelines), to the east by Iran (conflict), to the west by Syria and Jordan, and to the south by Saudi Arabia (large border) and Kuwait. North-near Tigris and Euphrates rivers=agriculture and transport. S and W are deserts-hot arid climate-GHP. Highlands in NE-separation from Iran and cooler temperature/moisture. Large oil reserves (2nd to Saudi Arabia)-OPEC member. Valuable energy and agricultural resources=Key to middle east fortune. Export petroleum-United States, Italy, France, and Spain.

Part of the Arabian Peninsula-It has Iraq and Jordan to the N, Yemen and Oman to the S, Red Sea to the W. Area is mostly desert because of GHP. Has huge amounts of oil but needs to get water towards this area for the oil. Need to desalinate the water. Does have some water underground. Original member of OPEC. They used to want to focus on agriculture. Did lots of wheat and dairy. But this needs lots of water. They had to pump in water from aquifers. They weren't making any money. Now doing vertical farming. They do high value crops here. They can control the environment here such as nutrients. They also recycle the water used since they don't have much water. ¾ of people here are native. If a person comes here to work, it may be hard for them eventually leave bc their employer is in charge of this passport(tie into location?). Surrounded by trouble spots.. Yemen, Iraq, Iran- this leads to refugees and more conflict. Good access to the sea. (Worlds largest oil exporter- to United States, Japan, South Korea, and China) Heavy muslim population.

A country that connects the "middle east" to the Turkmenistan region and Asia. Somewhat a cultural island- arab culture as a bridge between "middle east" and Asia. Oil rich but Vulnerable. W- Turkey and Iraq (enemies), N-Azerbaijan and Armenia (conflict=Islam-vs-Christianity), E-Afghanistan and Pakistan, NE-Turkmenistan. Surrounded by enemies. Controls the entire area between the Caspian sea (N) and the Persian Gulf (S). Country of Mountains and desert. Zagros mountains (W), Elburz (N along caspian sea coast) and Khurasan (NE). Mountains signify Eurasian and Arabian tectonic plate convergence=major earthquakes. Some moisture in the highlands but the rest is desert-arid. Large petroleum reserves-production accounts for 90% of income-OPEC member. Moved by pipeline to Persian Gulf then shipped by tankard. Exports-Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Large natural gas reserves-shipped by pipeline to Russia, eastern Europe, Pakistan, Turkey, and India. (1 billion + barrels of oil produced annually).

located in southeast Asia with Iran to the W, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan NW, Tajikstan towards NE, and Pakistan to the E, it is a landlocked country isolated by the Hindu Kush mountains, the earthquake proned rugged mountains. because of its loc, it is a political buffer state b/w british occupied south asia and the russia dominated central asia. Multli-ethnic state. Became haven for Taliban & revolutionary groups (remoteness of country was ideal for these reasons) and took advantage of opium trade. Very poor country and dependent on foreign aid, esp from US.

It is landlocked inside the African Transition Zone (N) between Sudan to the north, the Central African Republic to the West, Ethiopia to the east, and Uganda to the south. There was a war between the north and south part of Sudan. The north allowed the south to secede. There are also differences in religion and language between the north and south.(n-Islam, S-Christian/Traditionalist). It also has oil-Shared with (N) Sudan to prevent more conflict. Still very impoverished, most people rely on subsistence farming and cattle herding. China is helping them develop it but it is not a member of OPEC. Some agriculture is also possible here by the Nile River Valley.

Refugees currently located in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in Israel (the Jewish state in the center of the Arab world on easternmost end of Mediterranean Sea), British mandate divided into Israeli and Palestinean Areas, they leave Palestine in 1948 then UN proclaims Israel a state. Egypt, Jordan, Iraq & Syria invade Israel. Israel is victorious & gains Palestinian lands. In 1949, 900,000 Palestinean refugees flee mainly to Jordan. All this strife produced a huge outlflow of Palestinian Arab refugees and displaced persons. The Palestinean Arabs constitute another of this realm's stateless nations.

It borders Niger to the N, Chad to NE, Cameroon to E, and Benin to the W. The Atlantic Ocean hugs the southern coastline of the country (good access to sea for shipping out oil). Sits below Sahel with tropical rainforest climate. Favorable for agriculture. Exports peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, and cotton. Has large oilfields which fuels country's revenue, thus a member of OPEC. Is known as the cornerstone of W. Africa and is home to the largest population of any African country. Alot of oil is found offshore. Poor management, corruption, and theft of oil led to economic disaster. Wealthy with resources (oil and mineral), but slum development are found right off coast. China also has hand in helping the production of products and trade. Lagos (a port), originally the capital, was reflective of British aspiration to ensure the primacy of non-Islamic state. Was centrally moved to Abuja. Perfect example of forward capital. Moved to quell conflict b/w groups in that region. B/c of its loc in the transition zone, there are lots of conflicts here.

A country in Equatorial Africa-low elevation tropics=intense heat, humidity, no seasonal variation-Rainforest=it's own resource. Surrounded by Congo (W), Central aFrican Republic (N), Angola, Zambia (S), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania (E).Small outlet to the Atlantic on the SW coast-barely big enough for the Wide mouth of the Congo River. Ocean Going ships can reach the port of Matidi, in-land from which falls and rapids make it necessary to move goods by road or rail to the megacity capital, Kinshasha. Lack of navigability also necessitates transshipment between Kisangani and Ubundu. Reaches then another corridor a the city of Lubumbashi. The vital part of the Katanga Province contains most of DRCongo's major mineral resources, including copper and cobalt. Population nearly 75% million, a rich and varied mineral base, and much serviceable agricultural land. The immense forested heart of basin-shaped DRCongo creates communication and transportation barriers between east, and west, north and south. Many of the country's productive areas lie along its periphery, separated by considerable distances. These areas tend to look across the border, to one or more of DR Congo's nine neighbors, for outlets, markets, and often ethnic kinship as well. Industry: Agriculture, Clothing, Foodstuffs, Forestry, Mining, Oil Refining, Textiles.

biggest and most populous East african state located S of kenya with Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi NW, The Congo to the W, Zambia SW, and Malawi and Mocambique to the S. The country borders the Indian Ocean along the eastern coastline. "Country without a core"-clusters of population near Indian ocean, Lake Victoria (NW), Lake Tanganyika (W), Lake Malawi (interior S) More than 100 peoples, no ethnic group large enough to dominate-30% Muslim. Enjoys humid equatorial climate/savanna climate and loc at right lat, making it favorable for habitat to animals like zebras, giraffes, and elephants. Home to Serengeti National Park loc in Northern part of Tanzania right up to border of Kenya (Africa's most popular safari destination). Despite few resources, represents E. Africa's best economy with agriculture as largest sector, also leading gold producer. Economy is dependent on tourism. 2nd largest sector lies in trade, hotel, and restaurants for tourists. Unfortunately, even though they have political stability, they are surrounded by countries with conflict (Rwanda, Burundi, and Republic of Congo) thus suffer stream of refugees coming over their border. Causes issues of taking them in, feeding them, and quelling conflict.

Landlocked portion of southern Africa. Occupies the heart of the Kalahari Desert and surrounding steppe. Solidly located in GHP zone of southern hemisphere part of Africa. Latitude=semi arid, hot climate. Hits South Africa (S), Namibia (W), Zimbabwe (E) and a small part of Zambia (N). Lucrative diamonds but the majority of the population are subsistence farmers. Tourism thanks to the Central Kalahari Game reserve and other national parks. The Most severely affected AIDS country. Most of the population is Christian.

located on the southern tip of the African continent, bordered by northern neighbours Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. It encompasses the independent mountain kingdoms of Lesotho and Swaziland and is flanked by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the warm Indian Ocean on the east - giving the country its spectacular range of biodiversity. The most important country in south africa. No african country attracts more foreign investment or foreign workers. None has the universities, hospitals and research facilities. Few have the free press, effective trade unions, independent courts, or financial institutions to match South Africa's. South Africa has large multiracial, middle class.South Africa is rich in mineral resources and is the world's biggest exporter of chromium and platinum (9 percent of total exports) and the second largest exporter of manganese (9 percent). Other exports include: iron ores (14 percent), motor vehicles and car parts (9 percent), machinery and mechanical appliances (7 percent), gold (7 percent), coal (6 percent) and diamonds (2 percent).South Africa has a comparative advantage in the production of agriculture, mining and manufacturing products relating to these sectors. Cheap labor and world prices high.

a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Youngest independent state (2.5 million) Namibia is named after one of the world's driest deserts (the Namib, which lines its coast) Only its far north receives moisture to enable subsistence farming which is why most of the people live close to the Angolan border. Mining in the Tsumeb area and ranching in the vast steppe country of the south form the leading commercial activities. The capital Windhoek, is centrally opposite of the Walvis Bay. Although orderly landform is underway, unresolved issues remain, and much of the population still lives in poverty.

1. Interior location of continent (great american desert, desert area of Canada) 2. Rain-shadow Desert (cattinga of Brazil) 3. Atacama- south america, peru, Santiago (cold water ocean current) (upwelling?) 4. Global High Pressure-GHP. HOT air rises at equator- goes N and S, cools and falls at around 30' of the Equator- creating Deserts

a region in western Africa; Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia. The region is separated because of the Atlas mountain range. Atlas mountains rise up in the north and the flatlands of the sahara in the south. The mountains bring water along one side (rain shadow effect) which allows for some agriculture. Along the coasts, these countries can do some agriculture, but inland, it is desert.

Johannesburg is located in the eastern plateau area of South Africa known as the Highveld, and has a subtropical climate, it is considered to be Gold capital of the world. city is South Africa. Not just a mining complex:it became an industrial agglomeration and a financial center as well. Over the past century, the Johannesburg area produced nearly one-half of all of the world's gold by value. Johannesburg Lies at the heart of an industrial, commercial, and financial complex that forms South Africa economic core.

1. Urban Transformation- New, large cities. 2. Variable incomes- income depends on oil sales. 3. Infrastructure- airports, seaports, bridges, tunnels, shopping malls, recreational facilities. 4. Industrialization- invest in other avenues of income; manufacturing, technology. 5. Regional disparities- oil rich places are wealthy, neighbors are dirt poor. 6. Foreign investment- money pours in from other places to help fund the oil business. 7. Foreign involvement- in other places have money invested, they want to be involved in the country. 8. Intra-Realm Migration- hire workers from other places as cheap labor. 9. Migration from other realms- immigrants looking for work; gardeners, trash collectors,domestics. 10. Diffusion of revivalism- oil money is used to build more mosques, support the muslim communities. (Saudi Arabia)

753 billion barrels from the middle east and 119 billion from Africa. 50% of oil is moved by tankards on ships. Choke points; Bab el Mandeb (somalian pirates), Strait of gibraltar, Malacca Strait, Hormuz Strait (used to full capacity), Panama Canal, Danish Strait, Bosphorus Strait (very thin, risk of accidents). Choke points offer risk of stolen goods or damage to the ship-allowing oil to spill into the ocean. Turkey has been thinking of closing the Bosphorus strait because it is so thin. In the Persian Arabian Gulf (25-30% of worlds oil)- Pipeline through Syria (not used at full capacity), Pipeline to Ceyhan (full), Pipeline to Yanbu (not full). Top Exporters; Saudi Arabia, Russia, U.A.E, Norway, Iran. Top Importers; U.S, Japan, China, Germany, South Korea.

Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia. (4-of 5 founding members). Later- Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Gabon, Angola.

1. Humid Equatorial-high temperatures all year and heavy rainfall-rainforest 2. Dry Climate-arid/semi-arid. Desert. 3. Humid Temperate climate- mid latitude climate just beyond Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn 23.5' N and S of Equator. Does not suffer extreme temperature.