Series 79 Flash Cards – Flashcards

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question
U5 Form?
answer
Generated when you quit or resign from a securities firm. Must be reviewed with new employer within 60 days of filing U4 application
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U4 Form?
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Must be filed to register with any SRO and be filed with the Central Registration Depository. Disqualified from U4 if any of these apply to you: 1. Fasle reports. 2. Bribery 3. Perjury 4. ANY other felony. Banned for 10 years and needs waiver to be hired
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Who must register for series 7?
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Anyone engaged in 'general securities business'
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How may times can you fail the 79 exam?
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3 times. After the first time you have to wait one month before retaking. After second test you have to wait six months.
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What registration exam do most states require?
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The series 63
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What kind of work can non-registered employees perform?
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Extend invitations 2. Inquire of customers for a registered rep. 3. Inquire if customer wants to receive any offering documents. They can NOT give recommendations or pricing
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Military duty and FINRA registration requirements
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Military is in the 'special' inactive category. They are except from the two year inactive limitation. However, if they don't re-register within 90 days of service, they must register in 2 years minus the time between resigning and joining the military. (the gap between work and military service)
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Continuing education requirements?
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2 years after initial registration, and every 3 years after than. There is no graduation. You have 120 days from your anniversary date to finish the continuing education
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What is a 'covered person'
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Anyone that has direct contact with customers in sales & trading and investment banking. The firm must annually examine these peoples training needs
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Main effects of the 1933 securities act
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1. Unless excempt, securities must be registered 2. A prospectus must be filed which describes the securities being offered
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What securities are except from federal registration:
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1. Private offerings to a limited investor base 2. Intrastate offerings 3. Securities of munipal, state, federal governments 4. Limited size offerings
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What is restricted stock?
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Stock that was issued without registraiton and that has a restricted legend stating that the securities cant be resold. Unregistered stock from the company OR its affiliates is restricted. Even if they were registered BEFORE you buy from an affiliate, they still become restricted.
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Rule 144 holding period for restricted securites
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If the company reports under the 1934 Securities Act requiremnts, you must hold them for 6 months . If the compay does not report under 1934, you must hold for one year.
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Rule 144A continued
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After purchasing a restricted security. A resale notice must be filed if during any three month period you sell more than 5k in shares OR stock worth more than 50k
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Regulation S?
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Safe harbour for foreign securities. Applies when: 1. Sales must take place outside the U.S , on a designated exhange, AND if the issuer has a U.S prescense 2. The company, affiliates, agents may not engage in direct U.S. sales efforts
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Rule 10b-5
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SEC act of 1934 1. Prohibits any act or ommission that results in securities fraud. 2. Results in insider trading (when any party knows the material is non public or a fiduciary responsibility was broken) 3. Other examples: wash sales, matched orders, and pooled activities (i.e, any price manipulatin)
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Statute of limitation on manipulation recovery
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1. Suit must be brought within one year of discovery AND within three years of manipulative discovery.
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Form 13-e3?
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Form used in a management buyout or a 'going private' transaction. Filed when action causes stock to be held by less than 300 issuers or to be delisted from an exchange
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SEC rule 10b-18?
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Governs companies stock buybacks. 1. Must use one broker dealer 2. Must spread purchases through day. Can't be first purchases or within last half hour 3. Can only purchase securities at the highest last independet bid 4. Can not purchase more than 25% of the an average day trading volume
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10b-18 block purchase
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Purchase price of 200k or more and 2. 5k shares w/ price of at leaset 50k or 3. At least 20 lots that total 1/10th of 1% of the security exceptions to 10b-18 Doesn't apply if the market was suspended.
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NYSE rule 77
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A member of the floor may on 1. buy or sell securities 'on stop' at or below market 2. buy or sell at the close 3. buy or sell dividends 4. bet on the course of the market 5. buy or sell privileges to recieve securities
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Insider trading
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1. Employ a device, scheme, or artifice to defraud 2. Make an untrue statement or omit a material fact 3. Engage in any practice that would be deemed as fraud
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Tippers and Tippees
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1. The tippee is violating securities law if they should have know the information was confidential
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Important insider trading legislation
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1. Insider trading sanctions act of 1984 & Insider trading and securities fraud enforement act of 1988 2. Under these laws: a broker dealer must establish written policies and enforce them to stop insider trading 3. Chinese walls are one example, but there have not been established proceedures
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Restricted watch lists
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1. Only firms engaged in investment banking are required to maintain watch lists 2. Any trade under investigation must be submitted to FINRA for review by the 15th day of first month in the NEXT quarter
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Insider trading penalties
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1. Civil - three times the amount gained (or loss avoided) 2a. Criminal - Individuals - $5 million fine or 20 years in prison 2b. Criminial - Corporation - $25 million fine
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Office of supervisory jurisdiction
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Office where: market making strucuturing of offerings or private placements Maintain custody of customers' funds Final acceptance of new accounts Final approval of marketing material
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SEC 'bounties'
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1. Just like an insider trading 'finders fee'. Paid to the whistleblower in an amount equal up to 10% of the penalty.
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Written supervisory proceedures
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1. Offices are to maintain a written supervisory proceedures manual that is available upon request to employees. Amendments must be available for three years.
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Currency transaction reports
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FinCEN form 104. 1. Used to all cash transactions to a single customer that exceed 10k. 2. Filed when cash is sent/received 3. Wire transfers above 3k must be tracked
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FinCen form 101
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Suspicious activity report. Established by the Bank Secrecy Act 1. Filed by institution with a transaction involving at least 5k. Filed w/in 30 days of activity discovery
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Minimum required customer information
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US citizens: clients name, date of birth, address, and taxpayer id Non-US citizen: Taxpayer ID, passport number, govt id
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Money laundering penalties
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1. Notify employer in writing of intention to open accounts 2. Send duplicate confirmations to employer, if requested 3. Notify the person who you're opening an account with
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Selling away - NASD 3040
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1. Selling investment products outside the firm. 2. Brokerage firm must be notified and log the transaction in their books. 3. If approved, reps may receive compensation...it just needs to be 'above board'
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Rule 10b-5
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1. Three year statute of limitations 2. Ommisions are considered guilty 3. ITSFEA (84') - created chinese walls. Needed for banking, research, arbitrade only. Investigated trade notice must be submitted to FINRA in one week. Results sumbitted 15th day start of following quarter.
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Rule 10b-18
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Non-tender stock buyback 1. Can use only one broker dealer for each trading session. (day v. night) 2. Cant be first trade of day or w/in last half hour 3. Can't buy higher than current independent spread. 4. 25% ADTV limit, except for one block trade 5. If market was suspended, volume and timing rules are relaxed for that day (or follwing if the market was closed the whole day)
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Block trade
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1. 200k or more 2. More than 5k shares with value greather than 50k. 3. 20 round lots above 150% of trading volume.
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NYSE rule 77
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Prohibited dealings for members. 1. Buy or sell on 'stop' outside of trading range. 2. Buy at the close of market 3. Buy or sell dividends. 4. Bet on the course of the market.
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What is an OSJ
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Office of supervisory jurisdiction. 1. Market making / execution 2. Structuring 3. Custody of funds/securities 4. Final acceptance on new accts . NOT - effecting transactions
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Branch office
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1. Where securities are effected 2. Induce or attempt to induce teh purchase or sale of securities ***Both branch and OSJ offices must be inspected annually***
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FINRA Rule 3011
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1. Member firm must have a anti- money laundering process in place. 2. Must be tested annually. (unless firm doesn't act as an agent for customer trades (proprietary only))
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FinCEN form 104
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1. Must report all trades over $10,000 2. Must collect information about all wires over $3,000.
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Anti money-laundering penalties
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Maximium of 20 years or a fine up to 500k OR twice the amount of money involved. (the book is really vague around this point)
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New accounts by registered reps
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Executing firm (where account will be at) must: 1. Notify the employer 2. Send duplicate confirmations 3. Notify registered rep. that these proceedures will be followed. ***The employee must notify both the executing firm and their employer of their intention to open an account***
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Private security trnastactions
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Called 'selling away'. Defined by arranging transactions outside an employees regular course of duty. 1. Employee must notify employer and employer must put on their books. 2. Even in the rep is NOT compensated, certain conditions may apply.
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Sharing in acounts
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An employee may share in a customers account if: 1. Employee has made a contribution to account. 2. Sharing is in relation to contribution 3. Employee received permission from firm carrying account.
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FINRA reporting requirements
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Member firm must report: 1. Any violation of securities law 2. Theft or misappropriation 3. Arrent / arraingment / conviction 4. Any discipline over $2.5k or resulting in a fine.
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Disciplinary proceedings
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If a complain is filed, the defendent has 25 days to respond. After a second request they have 14 days to respond. 1. Firs step - hearing (if requested), led by an attorney. Hearing panel can pretty much impose any sanction. 2. National Adjudicatory Council - NAC. Appeal filed w/in 25 days. If customer in involved, a majority of NAC panel will be OUTSIDE the securities industry 3. Simplified arbitration is used for disputes less than 25k. 4. Fines are due within 25 days.
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Escrow accounts
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1. Must be used in an all-or-none / mini-maxi deal 2. Or used when funds are not immediately transfered to client in an best efforts deal. 3. A seperate bank must be used.
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Stand-by rights offering
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Syndicate agrees to purchases left-over right (not purchased by common share holders) on a firm committment basis. Stand-by = underwriter has liability for unsold shares.
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Jump ball
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When a syndicate uses an institutional pot in which shares will be available on a jump ball basis, it is setting aside shares for institutional clients and allowing all members to compete for orders. The profit is allocated based on each member's sales. The institutions that receive allocations generally designate which underwriter(s) are credited with the sale. The manager is often capped on the amount of credits it could earn. If the pot agreement is fixed, the credit is based on the original risk percentages. The manager will often deliver the shares directly to the institutional clients; this bookkeeping is referred to as a Manager Bill and Deliver.
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Stabalizing bid in an IPO
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The highest stabalizing bid in an IPO is the public offering price. Although stabilization is a price-influencing activity intended to induce others to purchase the offered security, when appropriately regulated it is an effective mechanism for fostering an orderly distribution of securities and promotes the interests of shareholders, underwriters, and issuers. (SEC release
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Rule 104 (Part 1)
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Stabalizing bids. Must notify the buyer that the purpose is a stabalizing bid. Usually the market maker or specialist. Happens at the offer price Considered pegging, fixing, or maintaining the price of a security.
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Rule 104 (Part 2)
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1. Priority must be given to an independent bid, when stabalization in occuring. 2. No more than one stabalizing bid in the market at once. 3. Stabalization can not happen higher than the last independent bid.
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Greenshoe
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15% of the offering. May come from secondary shareholders.
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Underwriting spread
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Difference between the amount paid by the investing public and the amount received by the corporation. Shared by managers, syndicate members, and selling group members.
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Market-out clause
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Events that occur that allow the underwriter to cancel its committment.
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At-the-market
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Securities sold based on secondary market prices. Illegal to represent an offering is at-the-market unless an independent market exists.
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Federal covered security
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Listed on NYSE, Nasdaq, AMEX, and mutual funds.
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Consent to service of process
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Form that regulators in a state may require to be filed to sell covered securities in their state.
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Can a research analyst talk to a customer about an IPO.
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YES. After the deal has been publicly announced. Has to be fair and unbaised, and the conversation can't have an investment banker involved.
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Can a research analyst talk to personnel about an investment banking transaction?
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Yes. No investment banking personnel can be present.
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Quiet period
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1. After S-1 filed but BEFORE declared effective. No one may discuss offering. 2. After trading begins, on an IPO, the quiet period is 40 days for managers involved in the IPO, including insiders. 25 days for syndicate members. 3. Secondary quiet period is 10 days. 4. Lockup quiet period is 15 days BEFORE and AFTER lockup expires.
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Quiet period exception.
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Secondary offering quiet period doesn't apply to actively traded securities.....those that have an average daily tradiing voluem of at least 1 mm and the public float of common stock is above $150 mm
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Booster shot reports.
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Favorable reports near the end of a lock-up period. There is now a 15 day quiet period before and after a lock-up expiration.
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New issue rule.
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1. Restricted persons (offiers, directors, employees, member firms and employees), can not buy shares in IPO's of equity securities sold under a registration statement. 2. They CAN buy non-ipos, including: a. Secondaries b. ALL debt, incl. convertible. c. Preferred stock and rights. d. Inv. company offerings e. Direct participation and REITs. f. Except securities under 1933.
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Direct participation program.
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A pass through investment that allows the issuer to take advantage of the cash-flow and tax characteristics of the underlying investment. Usually real estate or gas investments.
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Selling away.
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A registered rep is involved in selling securities outside the normal course of business. If she is not compenstated, she must only notify the member firm. If she's compensated, she must receive approval.
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Direct participation continued
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1. Rep can not make discretionary trades to buy DPP's unless the client has given written permission. 2. Also must judge a. Clients ability to realize tax benefits b. Financial resources to assume illiquidity c. Suitability standards.
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Shelf registration requirements
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Key shelf registration qualification criteria include $75 million market capitalization held by outsiders, timely SEC filings, investment-grade ratings of debt, no defaults on debt payments, and listing on national stock exchanges
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WKSI requirements.
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A WKSI is a company that has filed all annual, quarterly and current reports in a timely manner, and either has a greater than $700 million market capitalization or has issued $1 billion in registered debt offerings over the past three years
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How long is a shelf registration effective?
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3 years
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Section 11 defense.
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1. If there is a misstatement in the registration statement, the signers and directors of the company can be held liable. Liability is regardless of knowledge or intent. Potential Section 11 defendants include the issuer, directors, underwriters and accountants. They can claim that adequate due diligence was done and there was not way they could have known. This is more complicatded than this flash card.
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What is capital surplus?
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Capital surplus is used to account for the capital that a firm raises in excess of the par value (nominal value) of the shares (common stock). Taken together, common stock (and sometimes preferred stock) issued and paid plus capital surplus represent the total amount actually paid by investors for shares when issued (assuming no subsequent adjustments or changes).
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What is treasury stock?
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Treasury stock is the shares that a company buys back from its shareholders on the open market. Since a company cannot be its own shareholder, the possession of such shares is not shown as an asset on the balance sheet. Instead, the repurchased shares are held in treasury for future re-issuance and reported as a contra account to other shareholder-equity accounts on the balance sheet. Alternatively, repurchased shares can be retired at the time of repurchase, and thus no treasury stock is reported in the balance sheet.
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Penalty bid
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An arrangement that permits the managing underwriter to reclaim a selling concession otherwise accruing to a syndicate member (or to a selected dealer or selling group member) in connection with an offering when the securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in syndicate covering transactions Penalty bids must be reported to the manager of an exchange.
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Syndicate short positions
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1. Are created from syndicates overselling. Can be covered by the green shoe. If not, then the syndicate is naked short. 2. Syndicate covering transactions DO NOT need to be reported.
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Director attendance.
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Must be disclosed if a director doesn't attend 75% of the board meetings.
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Bring down due dilligence.
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Last due dilliegnce meeting before an issue is priced.
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Piggyback registration
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1. An investors shares are included in any registration that the comopany performs for the same class of security. These are negotiated rights. a. I.E, some underwriters limit the amount of piggy-backed shares sold as secondary shares in an IPO.
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Demand registration
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Investors have the right to demand that their shares are registred. Effectively requiring the company to complete an IPO. This RARELY happens.
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Carry over basis
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1. If an item is gifted, the receiver values the asset at the basis of the originatl purchaser.
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IRC § 1014(a)
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Stepped up basis upon transfer to benefactor. 1. If you receive assets from a relative that has passed away, your basis in the property is equal to the fair market value of the property.
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Describe tax effect of a stock sale on the selling company.
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From an accounting perspective, the business's assets and liabilities are not adjusted, they continue to be carried and/or depreciated in the same manner as before the transaction. From a tax perspective, the seller recognizes a gain or loss based on the difference between the sales price and his or her current basis in the stock.
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What is an asset sale?
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Buyer just picks certain assets of the target. The assets are marked up to the fair market value at the time of purchase.
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Red herring (preliminary prospectus). What is on it?
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1. Purpose of the issue 2. Proposed offering price range; 3. Disclosure of any option agreement; 4. Underwriter's commissions and discounts; 5. Promotion expenses; 6. Net proceeds to the issuing company (issuer); 7. Balance sheet 8. Income statements for last 3 years, if available; 9. Names and address of all officers, directors, underwriters and stockholders owning 10% or more of the current outstanding stock; 10. Copy of the underwriting agreement; 11. Legal opinion on the issue; 12. Copies of the articles of incorporation of the issuer.
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Days Sales Outstanding
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Accounts Receivable / Sales *365
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Dividend payments
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1. Declaration date 2. ex-divident date - set two business days before the record date (set by exchanges). You don't get divident if you buy ON or AFTER this day. 3. Record date. All holders on record get dividend. 4. Payment date. The date the dividend will be paid.
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Short form merger
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If you own 90% of a corporation, you can affect a merger at will....meaning there is NO shareholder vote. The exact percentage required varies by state.
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Two-step merger.
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1. Tender offer for a majority of firm. 2. After a majority is acquired, vote for a merger with the 'acquiring firm' The one-step cash merger, on the other hand, requires shareholders' approval, so the target must prepare and file a proxy statement with the SEC and deliver it to shareholders at least a month before the meeting. This process can take as long as 90 days, during which the deal is vulnerable.
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Free writing prospectus
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1. A term sheet that is an offer to sell securities. a. Can only be used by a WKSI or seasoned issuer. b. NOT a penny stock issuer, shell company, or blank check company. Must be kept on record for three years.
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Rule 163 and 164.
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Free writing prospectus. Rule 433 allows a term sheet to be filed as a free writing prospectus. Free writing prospetus must have legend. WKSI can use a free writing prospectus BEFORE a registration statement. Season issuers can use a free writing AFTER a registration.
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Can non-reporting and unseasoned issuers use a free writing prospectus?
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YES! 1. After the registraiton 2. They must include a statutory prospectus too.
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S-Corp features
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1. 100 max shareholders 2. Must be U.S. citizends 3. shareholders must be individuals, estates, or trusts, 4. one class of stock 5. corporation must be domestic. 6. corporation can be part of large corporate family. Distributions over owners basis are treated as capital gains. Losses increase basis.
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Partnerships
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1. any partner can bind entity 2. all partners have equal vote 3. one partner is liable for other partners share.
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Test to become a REIT
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1. 95% of gross income derived from rfinancial investments, 75% from real estate related activities 2. Established as a trust 3. distribute 90% of its income 4. At least 100 shareholders. 5 or fewer can not own more than 50% in the last half of taxable year.
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Unlimited business liability
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1. Happens from sole properietorships and general partnerships.
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When do sharehoders for the acquirer get to vote for / against the acquisition?
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Traditionally, exchange requirements only state that votes need to occur when securities are issued in conjuction with deal equal or exceed pre-transaction common shares outstanding.
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Auction process
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Teaser, CA, CIM, DR, Mgt Presentations, Collect Bids, bid accept, def agreement
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Real estate in an M&A deal.
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Be wary of the book value of real estate in an M&A deal. IT worth far more money, thus affecting the purchase price.
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Current Ratio
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Current Assets / Current Liabilities
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Who runs a creditors committee during bankruptcy?
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The largest unsecured creditor.
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What is a 363 sale?
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Court allows debtor to sell assets outside of bankruptcy court that are free of liens. Must have a sound business justification for this
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Can reits pass through losses to shareholders?
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No! REITS are not pass through entities.
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Customer complaints
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Must be reported on a quarterly basis and kept for three years.
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Is stabalizing a manipulative activity?
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Yes! Stabalizing is considered a manipulative activity.
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ROIC for series 79
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Net income - dividends / total capital
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What is the best valuation method for an IPO?
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Discounted Cash Flows
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Cap on reguation A selling shareholders.
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$1.5 million
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Once customer suitability is determined
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Supervisor approval to trade is not needed.
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Special inactive service
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Military dute for FINRA registered reps. Can receive transaction related compensation, but is prohibited from servicign clients. Also, the time period for continuing education is put on hold (both firm and regulatory)
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Best REIT valuation metrics
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FFO and EBITDA
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For outside business activities, what must be given/received from firm?
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Just written notification. No permission in necessary. Passive investments are except from this rule.
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When can registered reps avoid arbitration?
answer
In discrepancies involving non-business activities. I.e, sexual/racial discrimination or harassment.
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Horizontal Merger v. Market Extension Merger.
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Horizontal merger, companies are in direct competition with the SAME products and services.
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Rule 103 / PSMM
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Passive market making. A PSMM quote means that the bid is from another passive market maker. This does not count as the highest independt price for stabilization purposes.
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Rule 13f-1
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A money manager who has discretion over $100mm in equity securities is requied to file a quarterly statements with the SEC.
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Who has the LEAST liability in an insider trading suit
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1. The broker-dealer (if they have no awareness tha the trade was based on material nonpublic information)
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What can the trustee do in a Ch. 7 bankruptcy?
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1. Trustee is appointed to handle the liquidation of the firm. The trustee may attempt to recover payments made in the last 90 days...or operate the business for a short while, if it will benefit creditors
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Can a member firm sell its own shares to customers?
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1. Yes. 2. Can place in a discretionary account if it has written notification from the customer.
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Stock acquired by an underwriter as compensation
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Can not be sold for a period of six months from the effective date. Options or warrants received as compensation may be exercised at any time.
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What is OTCBB?
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NOT an automatic quotation system.
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Gun jumping safe harbor
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The SEC permits ongoing business communications for reporting issuers by allowing the publication of regularly released factual business information such as business and financial developments, advertisements about products or services, and dividend notices. The information in a business release by a reporting company is considered to be factual business information and may contain forward-looking (pro forma) statements. It is not an offer to sell provided the issuer is an S-3 or F-3 reporting company. Factual information may include information contained in SEC filings, information about the issuer's products or services and forward-looking statements (provided the information is contained in statements filed with the SEC). Information related to forward-looking statements may include projections of revenue, earnings, losses, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure, management plans and objectives for future operations
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What is a colar?
answer
A colar is a price range used in an M&A transaction.
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What rule governs and exchange of securities?
answer
Rule 145 involved the relassification of securities, acquisitions, consolidations, or transfers of assets.
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Rule 137 of 1933 act.
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Quiet periods do NOT apply to firms that are not involved in an offering.
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Non-equivalent securities under the 1933 act.
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Underwriters of nonconvetible debt may recommend common stock and / or vice versa. In this case, a research report is not considered an offer to sell the debt issue.
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What is a designated market maker?
answer
A specialist on the floor of the NYSE who's job it is to maintain a fair and orderly market on the floor of the NYSE.
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Market Maker (i.e. NASDAQ)
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Is responsible for maintaining firm quotes and executing orders that are entered into the Nasdaq Market Center Execution system.
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What is a bond's 'basis'
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A bond's basis its its yield-to-maturity
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OTB bulletin basics
answer
The SEC permits ongoing business communications for reporting issuers by allowing the publication of regularly released factual business information such as business and financial developments, advertisements about products or services, and dividend notices. The information in a business release by a reporting company is considered to be factual business information and may contain forward-looking (pro forma) statements. It is not an offer to sell provided the issuer is an S-3 or F-3 reporting company. Factual information may include information contained in SEC filings, information about the issuer's products or services and forward-looking statements (provided the information is contained in statements filed with the SEC). Information related to forward-looking statements may include projections of revenue, earnings, losses, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure, management plans and objectives for future operations
question
If a shelf registration is filed using on a s-1, then.....
answer
The registration statement is only effective for 2 years.
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What and who is the 'debtor in possesion'
answer
The debtor in possesion is the company management. The debtor maintains possesion and controll of the assets while in reorganization. The debtor is a fiduciary and must act in the best interests of creditors.
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What is a section 341 meeting
answer
A creditors meeting.
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Shelf registration
answer
Rule 415 1. No limit to securities file on a shelf. 2. WKSI can omit a plan of distribution and a description of the securities registered.
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Free writing prospectus
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1. Can be issued by eligible and inelibible compaies. 2. Includes: press releases, emails, prelim or final term sheets, marketing materials.
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Rule 163 and 164
answer
163 - a WKSI may use a prelim prospectus prior to filing the registration statement. Rule 433 - issuer (if wksi) is allowed to use a term sheet for each offering off a shelf, if the term sheet is filed as a free writing prospectus and filed for 3 years. MUST contain a legend on how to obtain a real prospectus.
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Rule 134
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Communication NOT deemed a prospectus 1. issuers can publish a simple advertisement (considered a tombstone) 2. Basic information, including price, date, identiry, and selling shareholders
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Rule 168 and 169
answer
Gun-jumping provisions 1. Anyone can issue regularly released factual business information 2. Information about the offering IS NOT included in the safe harbor. 3. Participants in the offering do not count!! NOT Sure if this is right!!! 4. Companies can communicate with the public 30 days before the filing of an IPO registration statement.
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Regulation S-K (Part 1)
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1. Used for forward looking communications NOT included w/in the financial statements of a company. 2. must include a reasonable basis for the issuers projections. 3. Review must be done by an expert. 4. Must disclose if the number of BOD meetings in the last year....must disclose if any BOD member didn't attend 75% of the meetings.
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Regulation S-K (Part 2)
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1. If non gap measurements are used...then the company must publish a reconciliation w/ gaap.
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Regulation S-X
answer
1. Sets the form and content of finacial statements 2. Financial statements become stale at 135 days. 130 days for a WKSI. 3. 10a - audit must incuded system to catch illegal act and related party transactions AND is the issuer a going concern
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Rule 139
answer
If the registrant is a WKSI or a 1934 reporting company, the broker dealer ca publish any research report.
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Rule 137
answer
1. can publish report if broker not involved in offering and its part of your regular course of business. 2. company could not have been a blacnk check, penny, or shell compay in any of the last three years.
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Rule 138
answer
1. IF registration is for non-convertible security AND the broker dealer is an underwriter, they still may issue a report on nonequivalent securities.
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