Sensory Perception, Nursing – Flashcards
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What is perception?
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Conscious organization and translation.
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What is reception?
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The process of receiving stimuli.
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What are the types of reception?
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1. External. 2. Internal.
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What are external stimuli?
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Visual, Auditory, Olfactory, Tactile, Gustatory.
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What are internal stimuli?
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1. Gustatory. 2. Kinesthetic. 3. Stereognosis.
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What is kinesthetic?
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Aware of body position and movement.
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What is Stereognosis?
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Ability to perceive & understand an object through touch, by its shape, size, texture.
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What is Gustatory?
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Taste & hunger.
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What is arousal mechanism?
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1. Brain must be alert to receive & interpret stimuli. 2. Reticular Activating System.
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What is the Reticular Activating System? (RAS)
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Controls arousal & awareness to stimuli. (Consciousness & alertness)
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When do humans respond to sensations?
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1. When their alert. 2. Receptive to stimuli.
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What is the response to a sensation based on?
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1. Intensity. 2. Contrast. 3. Adaptation. 4. Previous experience.
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What are the factors that affect sensory function?
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Age, older adults, culture, illness, meds, stress, sensory overload, personality, lifestyle.
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How does age affect sensory functions?
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Senses peak in early adulthood.
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How is sensory fuctions affected in older adults?
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Decreased nerve conduction fibers.
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What happens if there is a decrease in nerve conduction fibers?
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Slower reflexes, delayed response to stimuli.
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How does culture affect sensory function?
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Eye contact, personal space, physical touch.
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What illnesses affect sensory function?
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1. Neurological disorders. 2. Circulation problems. 3. Diabetic retinopathy. 4. HTN.
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How do neurological disorders affect sensory function?
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Slow impulses.
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How do circulation problems affect sensory function?
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Alter perception & response.
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What is diabetic retinopathy the leading cause of?
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Blindness.
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What can HTN damage in the eye ?
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Retina.
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How do meds affect sensory function?
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Asprin, Motrin, & Lasix become ototoxic & impair function of the auditory nerve.
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What stressors can lead to sensory overload?
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Illness, pain, hospitalization, tests, surgery.
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How does personality affect sensory function?
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Excitement, change, stimulation, predictability, quiet.
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How does lifestyle affect sensory function?
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Health problems, change of environment, loss of loved one.
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What is sensoristasis?
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A state of optimum arousal.
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What is awareness?
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1. Ability to perceive environmental stimuli & body reaction. 2. To respond appropriately through thought & action.
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What are the state's of awareness?
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Full consciousness, disoriented, confused, somnolent, semi-comatose, coma.
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What is full consciousness?
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Alert, oriented x3.
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What is disoriented?
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Not oriented to person, place, or time.
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If a person is disoriented what do you do first to r/o ?
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Check VS to r/o medical problems.
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What is confused?
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Reduced awareness, easily bewildered, poor memory, misinterprets stimuli, impaired judgement.
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What is somnolent?
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Extreme drowsiness.
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What is semi-comatose?
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Aroused only by extreme or repeated stimuli.
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What is coma?
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No response to verbal/tactile stimuli.
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What are the common types of sensory alterations?
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Sensory deficits, deprivation, overload.
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What may sensory deficits stem from?
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Impaired reception, perception or both. (Such as hearing or vision loss)
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What is sensory deprivation a state of?
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RAS depression caused by a lack of meaningful stimuli.
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What do sensory deficit, deprivation & overload contribute to?
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Changes in behavior.
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What is sensory perception alteration?
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1. Decrease in, or lack of, meaningful stimuli. 2. Balance of RAS disturbed. 3. Alteration in perception, cognition & motion.
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What type of patients are at risk for deprivation?
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1. Homebound. 2. Institutionalized. 3. Bed rest or isolation precautions. 4. Sensory deficits. 5. Cultural barriers. 6. Affective disorders. 7. Meds affecting CNS.
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What are the clinical signs of sensory overload?
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1. Irritability, anxiety, restlessness. 2. Fatigue or sleeplessness. 3. Periodic disorientation. 4. Reduced problem solving ability. 5. Increased muscle tone. 6. Scattered attention & racing thoughts.
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Who are the patients at risk for sensory overload?
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1. In pain 2. ICU/CCU. 3. Intrusive uncomfortable . 4. Imbalances of the nervous system.
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How do you prevent sensory overload?
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Decreased number & type of environmental stimuli.
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What are the types of sensory deficit?
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1. Vision. 2. Hearing. 3. Taste. 4. Steel. 5. Tactile. 6. Kinesthetic. 7. Seizures.
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What are the types of vision deficits?
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1. Cataracts. 2. Diabetic retinopathy. 3. Macular degeneration. 4. Presbyopia.
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What are cataracts?
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Clouding of the lens.
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What is diabetic retinopathy?
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It affects the retina in the back of the eye, a light sensitive tissue.
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What is macular degeneration?
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The loss of central vision.
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What is Presbyopia?
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Lens becomes less elastic & less able to accommodate to near objects.
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What is xerostomia?
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Decrease in saliva leading to dry mouth.
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What is anosmia?
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Loss of ability to smell food.
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What are the textile deficits?
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1. Touch. 2. Pressure. 3. Heat. 4 Cold. 5. Pain.
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What are the kinesthetic deficits?
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Parkinson's disease, CVA
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What are seizures?
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Disturbed electrical activity. (Brain).
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What is the assessment of sensory function?
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1. History. 2. Mental status. 3. Physical exam. 4. Identification of risk for Sensory loss. 5. Functional ability. 6. Environment of patient. 7. Communication methods.
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What are the nursing diagnosis for sensory?
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1. Disturbed sensory perception. 2. Social isolation. 3. Risk for injury.
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What is receptive aphasia?
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Can't processes stimuli.
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What is expressive aphasia?
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Can't communicate back.
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Who often has expressive aphasia?
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Stroke or neurological.
