question

Following the scientific discovery that a specific brain structure is significantly larger in violent individuals than in those who are nonviolent, a news headline announced: "Enlarged Brain Structure Triggers Violent Acts." The headline writer should most clearly be warned about the dangers of: A) perceiving illusory correlations B) explaining events in hindsight C) confusing correlation with causation D) generalizing from unrepresentative samples E) discerning order in random events

answer

C

question

Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses? A) evolutionary B) neuroscience C) behavioral D) behavior genetics E) psychodynamic

answer

C

question

A concern with the reasoning processes that contribute to effective problem solving is most characteristic of the ______ perspective A) behavioral B) evolutionary C) social-cultural D) cognitive E) behavior genetics

answer

D

question

The early school on psychology know as functionalism was developed by: A) Wundt B) James C) Descartes D) Watson E) Freud

answer

B

question

Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and body weight would enable you to most accurately predict body weight from knowledge of level of self-esteem A) +.60 B) +.01 C) -.10 D) -.06 E) .00

answer

A

question

According to Emily's grandfather, Adolf Hitler's obvious emotional instability made it clear from the beginning days of his international conflicts that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather's claim best illustrates: A) the hindsight bias B) illusory correlation C) the false consensus effect D) an illusion of control E) random sampling

answer

A

question

Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"? A) Watson B) Titchener C) Wundt D) Piaget E) James

answer

A

question

D. Kozak has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcoholism among citizens of a small African country can best be attributed to strong fundamentalistic religious influences in that region. The belief best illustrates a(n) ______ perspective A) behavior genetics B) evolutionary C) psychodynamic D) neuroscience E) social-cultural

answer

E

question

Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name? A) reticular formation B) cerebellum C) hypothalamus D) amygdala E) medulla

answer

A

question

During the past month, Henri and Sylvia each at 10 candy bars, while Jerry ate 8, Tricia ate 6, and Tahli ate only 1. The mean number of candy bars eaten by these individuals was: A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 8 E) 10

answer

C

question

Variation is to central tendency as _____ is to _____. A) range; median B) median; mean C) mode; mean D) scatterplot; bar graph E) correlation; scatterplot

answer

A

question

The somatic nervous system is a component of the _____ nervous system A) peripheral B) autonomic C) central D) sympathetic E) parasympathetic

answer

A

question

Association areas are located in the: A) spinal cord B) brainstem C) thalamus D) limbic system E) cerebral cortex

answer

E

question

Correlation coefficient is a measure of the: A) difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution B) average squared deviation of scores from a sample mean C) direction and strength of the relationship between two variables D) statistical significance of a difference between two sample means E) frequency of scores at each level of some measure

answer

C

question

In order to study the effects of noise of worker productivity, researchers have one group of subjects work in a noisy room and a second group work in a quite room. To ensure that any differences in the productivity of the two groups actually result from the different noise levels to which the groups are exposed, the researcher would use: A) the case study B) correlation measurement C) naturalistic observation D) replication E) random assignment

answer

E

question

Which of the following is a measure of the degree of variation among a set of events? A) -.12 B) +1.00 C) -.99 D) +.25 E) -.50

answer

A

question

The sequence of rain regions from the evolutionary oldest to newest is: A) limbic system, brainstem, cerebral cortex B) brainstem, cerebral cortex, limbic system C) limbic system, cerebral cortex, brainstem D) brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex E) cerebral cortex, brainstem, limbic system

answer

D

question

Reticular formation is located in the: A) brainstem B) limbic system C) sensory cortex D) motor cortex E) cerebellum

answer

A

question

Nerves are neural cables containing many: A) hormones B) endorphins C) interneurons D) axons E) lesions

answer

D

question

In order to provide a baseline against which they can evaluate the effects of a specific treatment, experimenters make use of a(n): A) dependent variable B) random sample C) independent variable D) control condition E) experimental condition

answer

D

question

Dr. Tao conducts basic research on the effects of head injuries on people's problem-solving and abstract-reasoning skills. Which psychological specialty does her research best represent? A) developmental psychology B) biological psychology C) industrial/organizational psychology D) clinical psychology E) personality psychology

answer

B

question

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of: A) childhood memories B) genetic responses C) unconscious thought D) healthy growth potential E) punishment and reinforcement

answer

E

question

William James was a prominent American: A) psychoanalyst B) behaviorist C) functionalist D) structuralist E) gestaltist

answer

C

question

The process of replication is most likely to be facilitated by: A) the hindsight bias B) the false consensus effect C) illusory correlation D) operational definitions E) the placebo effect

answer

D

question

Which endocrine gland regulates body growth? A) parathyroid B) adrenal C) thyroid D) pituitary E) pancreas

answer

D

question

Motor neurons are to the _____ nervous system as interneurons are to the _____ nervous system A) sympathetic; parasympathetic B) central; peripheral C) autonomic; somatic D) parasympathetic; sympathetic E) peripheral; central

answer

E

question

When Mr. Adams calculated his student's algebra test scores, he noticed that two students had extremely low scores. Which measure of central tendency is affected most by the scores of these two students? A) mean B) standard deviation C) mode D) median E) range

answer

A

question

Mr. and Mrs. Klostreich have six children aged 5, 6, 6, 7, 8 and 16. The mean age of the Klostreich children is: A) 5 B) 6 C) 6 1/2 D) 7 E) 8

answer

E

question

A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a splitbrain patient. The individual will be able to use her: A) right hand to indicate she saw a cat B) left had to indicate she saw a mouse C) right hand to indicate she saw a mouse D) left or right hand to indicate she saw a cat E) left or right hand to indicate she saw a mouse

answer

C

question

Which of the following correlations between annual income and education level would best enable you to predict annual income on the basis of level of education? A) +.05 B) -.01 C) +.10 D) +.50 E) -.001

answer

D

question

Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ______ psychologist: A) social B) clinical C) developmental D) industrial/organizational E) biological

answer

C

question

In order to remember the information presented to her in her psychology textbook, Susan often relates it to her own life experiences. Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates: A) iconic memory B) semantic encoding C) automatic processing D) proactive interference E) the serial position effect

answer

B

question

During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term "proactive interference". Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of: A) automatic processing B) the serial position effect C) the spacing effect D) the method of loci E) the next-in-line effect

answer

A

question

Storage is to encoding as _____ is to _____. A) recognition; recall B) imagery; mnemonics C) rehearsal; retrieval D) retention; acquisition E) priming; relearning

answer

D

question

The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the: A) limbic system B) spinal cord C) brainstem D) cerebellum E) frontal lobe

answer

B

question

At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she can only remember the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates: A) source amnesia B) the next-in-line affect C) the spacing effect D) implicit memory E) the serial position effect

answer

E

question

The experience of empathy is most directly facilitated by: A) the bystander effect B) the chameleon affect C) the mere exposure effect D) mirror-image perceptions E) social facilitation

answer

B

question

Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Harley concluded that he was "anxious". Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was "falling in love". The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by the: A) relative deprivation principle B) James-Lange theory C) two-factor theory D) catharsis hypothesis E) adaptation-level principle

answer

C

question

Which pioneering researcher made extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory? A) Pavlov B) James C) Loftus D) Freud E) Ebbinghaus

answer

E

question

Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude: A) "Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble" B) "Patricia's brakes must have failed" C) "they need to improve the visibility at that corner" D) "Patricia's children must have distracted her" E) "the road mus have been slippery and wet"

answer

A

question

The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on: A) natural selection B) brain chemistry C) unconscious conflicts D) learned behaviors E) introspection

answer

C

question

After she was promoted to a high-level executive position in the large company for which she worked, Jorana developed more pro-business political attitudes. This best illustrates the impact of _____ on attitudes: A) deindividuation B) social facilitation C) role-playing D) mirror-image perceptions E) the bystander effect

answer

C

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