Second Half HLTH 236 – Flashcards

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Determinants of Health
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(P)olicy Making Biology and Genetics Individual Behavior Social Factors Health Services
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Health Care Disparity
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looks at the problem
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Health Care Dissimilar
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Factors that cause the problem
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Health Equity
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refers to the study of differences in the quality of health and healthcare across different populations. Health equity is different from health equality, as it refers only to the absence of disparities in controllable or remediable aspects of health
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Socio-Environmental Theory
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Risk Exposure- personal assessment of risk, how they identify risk Resource Deprivation- availability of resources; who is going to be their care provider?, safe parks and gyms to go to
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Socio-Ecological Theory
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Intrapersonal>Interpersonal>Organizational>Community>Public Policy
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White
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Races with light complexion
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Caucasian
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Indo-European
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Occidental
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native of the west
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Western
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Originated from Western or European countries
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European
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Native of Europe
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General Population
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everyone studied within a population
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*Role of the Comparison Population
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Permits assessment of inequities by ethnic or racial groups Seek understanding through comparison Interpret disease trends and assess whether the health of minority groups deviate from expectiates
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Resource Deprivation Theory
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Minorities are more likely than Whites to live in communities that are lacking in the necessary infrastructure to support a healthy lifestyle.
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HIV/AIDS
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African Americans representation is 3 times greater than their proportion of the population
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Percent in Poverty for African Americans
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22%
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Death Rates
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AIAN African American Hispanic White Asian
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Selective Survival
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After age 80, mortality rates decrease
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Health definition
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the state of complete mental, physical and social well-being not merely the absence of disease and infirmity Comfort, well-being, and the distinction between physical and mental health differs in social classes cultures and religious groups Seen as a resource for everyday life, not the object of living
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T/F Ethnicity is a social category based on similar physical appearances
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FALSE- that's race
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According to the NIH, ______ is the categorization of a population based on physical appearances due to particular historical, social, and political forces.
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Race
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The focus of ethnicity are the common cultural traits such as:
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Language, religion, and beliefs
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T/F Health Care Disparities are the difference in the presence of illnesses, health outcomes, or access to care
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True
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Socio-environmental factors include:
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Cultures Politics Policies
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T/F Health Disparities are the differences in prevalence, incidence, mortality, and burden of disease
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TRUE
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T/F Mortality Rate is the number of deaths within a population
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TRUE
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T/F Morbidity is the number of individuals with a disease, illness, injury, and disability
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True
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How long did the Tuskegee Syphilis Study last?
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40 years
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What are some of the events that helped shape our understanding of ethical research, according to the Tuskegee Syphilis lecture?
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Nuremburg War crimes Human Radiation Studies US Public Health Service Syphilis Study
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Long before, HIV had been identified, AIDS had become stigmatized as a result of its higher prevalence amongst:
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Homosexual men and promiscuous women
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T/F Mortality data for the US reveals that, compared to the white population, African American/blacks have an elevated death rate for 8 of the 10 leading causes of death
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TRUE
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T/F Infant Mortality Rate is defined as the probability of dying between birth and exactly one year of age per 1,000 live births
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TRUE
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T/F In recent years, Department of Health and Human Services, directive 15 has been praised for sufficiently reflecting the Nation's diversity and aiding in closing the gaps in health and healthcare disparities
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False- should be the Office of Management and Budget(OMB)
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T/F African Women and White American women were more similar in low birth weight comparison
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TRUE
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The Infant Mortality in the US is _____ other developed nations in the world
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HIGHER than any
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Booker T. Washington
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made a direct link between the economic progress of Blacks and the negative impact being caused by premature death from disease, thus launching the first comprehensive public education campaign geared towards Negro health in US
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Margaret Heckler
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Health and Human Services, established OMH
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Incidence Rate
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rate a disease develops over a certain period of time
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Primary Prevention
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strategies used to avoid diseases Ex. vaccinations
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Secondary Prevention
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early diagnosis and treatment of existing disease and/or health condition in order to avoid further devilitative effects Ex. screenings (self breast exam and pap smears) Aim: catch it early to avoid advancement
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Tertiary Prevention
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fighting the disease and/or health condition when signs or symptoms are present to minimize complications Ex. Medication therapy adherance, changing diet/exercise regimen
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Quaternary Prevention
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avoidance of over-treatment
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The socio-ecological model describes how context determines health and health behaviors.
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True
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T/F Morbidity is the number of deaths in a population at a given time.
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False- Mortality
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John Henryism
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Individuals with lower social status are routinely exposed to psychological and socioeconomic stressors, which require them to exert considerable energy daily to manage the psychological consequences generated by chronic stress.
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Risk Exposure Theory
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A high prevalence of social or environmental health risks in predominantly minority communities leads to a higher prevalence of disease and death.
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Immigration and Acculturation
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foreign-born persons have better health outcomes than US born counterparts
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Weathering Hypothesis
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The health status of minorities begins to prematurely deteriorate in young adulthood.
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Index of Dissimilarity
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Geography-where people are located Change of health communities Segregation Which health issues are more prominent in different groups
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Describe the health status utilization behaviors/experiences of American Indian and Alaska Native
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Historically, extreme health problems- no immunity to diseases brought by Europeans Experienced severe opression Tend to have income below federal poverty level, high unemployment Cultural differences in health care and access so limited service Poverty and low SES language and cultural barriers obesity and alcohol major health risks
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major health risks and health care utilization among Hispanics
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Nearly 31% of Hispanics do NOT have a usual source of healthcare Variations in health insurance coverage is due to differences in legal status Not as likely to obtain employment in companies that offer health benefits Huge language barrier Type 2 Diabetes -poverty prevents access in care Breast Cancer- in Latinas
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