Scientific Publications
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In scientific publications research results must be
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published
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What is a major factor in determining success of a researcher's career
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quantity and quality of scientific publications
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What is the range of coverage of scientific journals
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-multidisciplinary journals -specialized journals -\"broad\" -\"narrow\"
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What are the types of publishers of scientific journals
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-unbiased publisher -biased publisher -pharma, biotech companies etc
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What are the scientific journals publishing model/accessibility
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-traditional journals -open-access journals
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What are traditional journals
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-printed (some also have online version) -all content is protected by copyright law -free access to a very limited content
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What are open-access journals
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-online only -free access -any piece of content can be copied, reproduced free of charge and without formal permission from a publisher
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What is a peer review
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reviewing submitted manuscripts by the reviewers appointed by an Editor-in-Chief
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Each scientific journal has reviewers which are what
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scientists who already published in the field covered by the journal and presumed to be experts in various \"niches\" of this field
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What does the Editor-in-Chief of the journal do
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decides who among reviewers available for this journal is a \"best fit\" to review a submitted manuscript
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How many reviewers are required for a peer review
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usually 2-3
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What are the pros of a peer review
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Improves quality of scientific publications, assuming that the review is professional and unbiased
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What are the cons of a peer review
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-not enough professional and unbiased reviewers; as a rule high caliber scientists review only for a few prestigious journals -\"unconventional\" ideas frequently dismissed -impartiality of peer review may be compromised by the conflict of interest (competing scientists or labs, paid reviews, small portfolio of manuscripts, financial or other interests)
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Decision for the outcome of a submitted manuscript is based on what
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peer reviews (decision made by Editor-in-Chief)
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What are the outcome options for a submitted manuscript
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-accepted for publication -sent back for revision (manuscript has a chance) -sent back fro re-writing and resubmission (polite rejection) -rejected
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How many articles in PubMed have been listed as retracted since it first happened in 1977
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2000 articles
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The rate of retractions is steadily on the
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rise
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What are some reasons for retraction of published articles
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-fraud or suspected fraud (43%) -error (21%) -duplicate publication (14%) -plagiarism (10%) -others (12%)
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What journals are hardest hit by fraud
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journals with higher impact factors
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What multidisciplinary scientific journals are multidisciplinary \"grands\"
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-Nature -Science
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What multidisciplinary scientific journals are medical multidisciplinary \"grands\"
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-New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) -The Lancet
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What are some \"broad scope\" specialized journals
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-Journal of Immunology -Journal of Virology -Journal of Cardiology -Journal of Gastroenterology
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What are some \"narrow scope\" specialized journals
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-Retrovirology -Malaria -Hepatology -Influenza
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True or False- not all scientific journals are equal
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True
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What are citations
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each scientific paper cites previously published relevant scientific papers
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What is a reasonable assumption about the frequency a scientific paper is cited
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the more frequently a scientific paper is cited, the more impact it has on the advance in a particular field of science
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What is impact factor (IF)
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Impact factor (IF) = average number of citations in peer reviewed scientific journals for a paper published in a particular journal during previous year
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During 2010 a journal published 100 papers. Total number of citations of these papers is 100. What is the impact factor
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IF(2010) for this journal is 1000/100=10
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Where do you find impact factors for scientific journals
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-SJR: http://scimagojr.com -Useful site for medical journals (mostly clinical) impact factors: http://impactfactor.weebly.com
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How do you compare impact factors
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-rank within a category is more informative than absolute value of IF -journals publishing review papers have higher IF than journals publishing original papers; compare separately within the same category
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Research papers can be
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-reviews -original
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What are some examples of reviews
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-review -systematic review -meta-analysis
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What are some examples of an original
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-letter -case report -short communication or note -full-sized paper
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How do you estimate the importance of a scientific paper
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-impact factor of journal where paper was published -number of citations this paper obtained -google scholar http://scholar.google.com/
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What is PubMed
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ -powerful search engine -comprises more than 21 million citations for biomedical literature -abstract if available are free
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What is the Cochrane Library
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-named after Archie Cochrane -collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/view/0/index.html
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The Cochrane Library aims to
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make the results of well-conducted controlled trials readily available
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What is the Cochrane Review
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a database of systematic review and meta-analysis which summarize and interpret the results of medical research
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What is Faculty 1000
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Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature http://f1000.com/
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What is the major difference between narrative review and systematic review
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Selection of primary references is determined by search parameters clearly defined in the systematic review
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A paper is published in 2011 in a journal with Impact Factor 30. What does this mean
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Average number of citations per paper in 2010 for the journal which published this paper is 30
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A doctor is looking for a systematic review on treatment options for juvenile type I diabetes. What resource should be used first to find relevant information
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Cochrane reviews
