SCIENCE CH.9
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any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions (H30 group-positive charge) when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts. Example is lemon with citric acid
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acid
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citric acid in lemons
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Example of an acid
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a compound that can reversibly change color depending on conditions such as pH
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indicator
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a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current
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electrolyte
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any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions (OH group) when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts.
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base
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anything with OH in back
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base
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anything with H in front
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acid
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a value that is used to express the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a system; each whole number on the scale indicates a tenfold change in acidity;
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pH
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what pH is neutral?
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7
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what is a pH greater than 7?
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basic
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what is a pH less than 7?
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acidic
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What type of pH do strong bases have?
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high (14)
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what type of pH do strong acids have?
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low (1)
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concentration
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the action of strengthening a solution by the removal of water
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strength
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stronger acid more they ionize can't change
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3 properties of bases
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bitter taste, solutions of ___ are slippery and can conduct electric current, and cause indicators to change color
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3 properties of acids
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they taste sour, make indicators change color, and conduct electric current
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hydroxide greater than hydronium in ___ solutions
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basic
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hydronium greater than hydroxide in ____ solutions
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acidic
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what type of solution is soap (pH=9)
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basic
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what type of solution is sour liquid (pH= 5)
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acidic
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what type of solution is water?
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neutral
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What does the pH of a solution tell you?
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the concentration of hydronium ions
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What does ionize mean?
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to form ions
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neutralization reaction
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the reaction of the ions that characterize acids (hydronium ions) and the ions that characterize bases (hydroxide ions) to form water molecules and a salt.
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salt
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the ionic compound that forms when a metal atom or a positive radical replaces the hydrogen of an acid.
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What forms when a weak base and a strong acid react?
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Water and salt.
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titration
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the process of adding carefully measured amounts of one solution to another solution
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spectator ion
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don't change during a neutralization process
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equivalence point
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when the acid amount is equal to the base amount
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What are 4 factors that affect the rate of a reaction and how do they affect the rate of reaction\"?
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temperature, surface area, pressure, and concentration
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soap
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a substance that is used as a cleaner that dissolves in water.
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detergent
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a water- soluble cleaner that can emulsify dirt and oil. (SO3- sulfonate group and CO2 carboxylate group)
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disinfectant
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a chemical substance that kills harmful bacteria or viruses.
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bleach
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a chemical compound used to whiten or make lighter, such as hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite.
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antacid
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a weak base that neutralizes stomach acid.
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How do antacids reduce acidity in stomach acid?
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It neutralizes the excess stomach acid.
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what color does the pH paper turn in an acid?
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red-orange
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what color does the red litmus paper turn in an acid?
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red
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what color does the blue litmus paper turn in an acid?
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red
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what color does an acid turn in phenol?
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clear
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What is the pH range of an acid?
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1-6
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What color does an acid turn in universal indicator?
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red
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what color does a base turn in blue litmus paper?
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blue
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what color does a base turn in red litmus paper?
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blue
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what color does pH paper turn in a base?
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blue
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what color does a base turn in phenol?
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pink
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what is the pH range for a base?
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8-12
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what color does a base turn in universal indicator?
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blue
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what color does red litmus paper turn in a neutral solution?
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red
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what color does blue litmus paper turn in a neutral solution?
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blue
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what color does pH paper turn in a neutral solution?
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yellow
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what color does phenol turn in a neutral solution?
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clear
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what is the pH range of a neutral solution?
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7
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what color does the universal indicator turn in a neutral solution?
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yellow
