question

could not be caused by a population bottleneck.

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A increase population size

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It is more vulnerable to extinction due to lack of genetic variation. The amoebas might not have the variation necessary to adapt to future changes in the environment.

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What is true about the amoeba population?

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In the example described in the tutorial, the red amoebas survived the catastrophic event, and all future generations of amoebas were red because the red amoebas had a higher reproductive rate than the blue ones. FALSE.

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True or False?

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A change in the allele frequency of a small population purely by chance.

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Genetic Drift

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A large reduction in the size of a population as a result of a catastrophe or other event. A population bottleneck often results in a change in the allele frequency of the population (genetic drift).

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Bottleneck Affect

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A drought causes a habitat to turn dry and brown.

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Environmental Change

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Green beetles are more visible to birds than brown beetles, so birds eat more green beetles.

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Selective Pressure

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Brown beetles survive to reproduce more than green beetles do. The brown allele increases in frequency.

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Change in Population

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A single, small population that only exists in one place on the planet is considered_______to that area.

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Endemic

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Humans noticed dogs with large, floppy ears and a great sense of smell and wanted more like them. They then bred with similar dogs over many generations. This is called ARTIFICIAL SELECTION and is one of Darwin's points of evidence for evolution by natural selection.

answer

In England, dogs with large, floppy ears called hounds came into existence. These dogs were favored for hunting because of their excellent sense of smell. Which statement most accurately represents the process that produce such dog breeds from the wild-type (feral) dog?

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The sixth mass extinction event is likely being caused by___________.

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human-induced events

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These organisms are members of the same species.

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Two organisms live in the same geographical area, are very similar genetically, and can breed with each other successfully. Which of the following statements is correct?

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a single fish living in the lake's shallow water near the shoreline.

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Organism

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a group of fish of the same species inhabiting the shallow water near the shoreline.

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Population

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fishes, invertebrates, plants, and microbes inhabiting the shallow water near the shoreline.

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Community

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the fishes, invertebrates, plants, microbes, rocks, sediments, and water in the lake, and the interactions between them.

answer

Ecosystem

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several interacting species living in the same area.

answer

Community

question

____________typically have a mortality rate that remains fairly constant over an individual's life span.

answer

robins

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Oyster populations are primarily, if not exclusively, composed of ____________.

answer

adults

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Which of these organisms has a survivorship curve similar to that of oysters?

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grasses

question

Which of these organisms has a survivorship curve similar to that of humans?

answer

elephants

question

-As the population approaches carrying capacity, it grows more slowly. -When the population reaches carrying capacity, it stops growing.

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Which of the following statements are true of logistic growth?

question

-The population growth rate equals zero. -The birth rate equals the death rate. -The rate at which resources are used is equal to the rate at which they are supplied.

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Which of the following are true of a population at carrying capacity?

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As a population approaches carrying capacity, environmental resistance__________.

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increases

question

competition for food, environmental toxins, weather conditions, and competition for space. Birth rate does not contribute to environmental resistance.

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The factors that do contribute to environmental resistance are:

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An ideal habitat with unlimited resources is associated with______________.

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exponential growth

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The maximum population a habitat can support is its ___________________.

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carrying capacity

question

...Population growth slowing down as the population approaches carrying capacity.

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Logistic growth involves...

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...Population size grows faster and faster as the population gets bigger.

answer

In exponential growth...

question

Increased birth rate

answer

Which of following would NOT cause population size to decrease?

question

The innate reproductive capacity of a species is its __________________. If a parasitic worm makes a very large number of eggs, it has a high biotic potential. These animals are called r-strategists. Elephants have a low biotic potential by comparison, and are called K-strategists.

answer

biotic potential

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Food availability decreases as population increases.

answer

density-dependent factor

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An oil spill's effect on population does not depend on population size.

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density-independent factor

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Space limitations cause birth rate to decline as population size increases.

answer

density-dependent factor

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Predation becomes more intense as population size increases.

answer

density-dependent factor

question

Which of the following is a typical K-selected species' adaptation?

answer

parental care of young

question

an organism that produces huge numbers of offspring, most of which die quickly, with the few survivors not dying until old age. -Many amphibians produce hundreds or thousands of eggs, but only a few survive until adulthood. This a type III survivorship.

answer

Which of these best matches with a type III survivorship curve?

question

individuals are competing for an evenly distributed resource such as space.

answer

When looking at the distribution of a population, we might find a uniform distribution when_____________

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The inspect species is r-selected.

answer

An insect species is an agricultural pest. It is small, extremely mobile, and reproduces rapidly.

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Island species evolved in isolation and lack defenses against introduced species.

answer

Why are island species particularly vulnerable to introduced species?

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People are protecting public and private land.

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Which of the following is a major reason that Hawaii has been able to prevent some species from going extinct?

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is the biggest factor in the declining pheasant population in Iowa?

answer

loss of habitat

question

Conservation Reserve Program

answer

You are an Iowa farmer and you'd like to set aside some of your highly erodible land and plant it with native plant species. What should you enroll in?

question

As ____ prices increase, land values increase.

answer

corn

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In ____, as pheasant numbers have decreased, the number of pheasant hunters has also decreased.

answer

Iowa

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There is very little public land in Iowa.

answer

You wish to go pheasant hunting in Iowa. Why will you likely have to find a private land owner willing to allow you to hunt?

question

The future of the pheasant in Iowa is strongly tied to this piece of federal legislation.

answer

Farm bill

question

is the migration of individuals or gametes.

answer

Gene flow

question

change in the allele frequencies in a population is the definition of microevolution.

answer

Generation-to-generation

question

may or may not have played a role, in flight, courtship, gliding, and extended hops.

answer

Feathers

question

is rapid, branching speciation under conditions in which there is little competition.

answer

Adaptive Radiation

question

Mass extinctions create conditions that promote______________.

answer

Adaptive Radiation

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The appearance of an evolutionary novelty often promotes________________.

answer

Adaptive Radiation

question

The different finch species found on the Galapagos Islands probably arose as a result of ______________.

answer

Adaptive Radiation

question

Which of these events occurred earliest in the history of Earth?

answer

formation of oxygen

question

Which of these events occurred most recently in the history of the Earth?

answer

first humans

question

Which of these events occurred during the Paleozoic?

answer

colonization of land by plants

question

Where are the Solomon Islands located?

answer

in the South Pacific

question

Scientists studying evolution on the Solomon Islands described which animal as the 'poster child' for the biological species concept?

answer

white-eye bird

question

Physical separation of populations is often part of the speciation process.

answer

Based on the video, what can you infer about speciation--the process by which one species splits into two or more species?

question

Why did the biologists consider a frog that they found to be a new species?

answer

Its call was unique.

question

When Darwin wrote On the Origin of Species, he knew very little about the subject of_____________, an essential component of evolutionary theory today.

answer

Genetics

question

be able to reproduce and have fertile offspring.

answer

In order for two organisms to belong to the same species, individuals of their species MUST____________.

question

Individuals in one population mate during a different month than individual in another population.

answer

Which of the following is NOT a way that two populations of the same species can be geographically isolated?

question

The diversity of dog breeds in the world today.

answer

An excellent example of selective or artificial breeding by human is____________.

question

Extinction is a ____________ process; human activity can affect the __________ at which extinction occurs.

answer

natural, rate

question

The only process that can change a gene's DNA and therefore give rise to new genetic variations in a species.

answer

a mutation

question

A phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram used to illustrate a scientist's hypothesis about how divergence took place among evolutionary lines.

answer

Which statement below most accurately describes a phylogenetic tree?

question

Bats and birds are unrelated animals, yet they both evolved wings. By acquiring similar traits (i.e., wings) as they adapted to similar environments, these species exhibit____________?

answer

Convergent Evolution

question

Which of the following populations would be MOST vulnerable to extinction?

answer

a small, endemic population

question

Which of the following would explain the extinction of upwards of 90% of species in existence over a short period of time?

answer

mass extinction events

question

Snakes are more closely related to crocodiles than they are to turtles.

answer

According to the figure, which of the following is true?

question

According to the figure, crocodiles are most closely related to____________.

answer

Birds

question

Each branch in the figure results from______________.

answer

A speciation event

question

is a natural process.

answer

Extinction

question

...encompasses all the organisms and the physical and chemical environment within an area.

answer

An ecosystem...

question

...on Earth today are but a fraction of all species that ever lived.

answer

species...

question

...the variety of life in all its forms and combinations and at all levels of organization.

answer

Biodiversity is...

question

...a group of individuals of a single species that live and interact in one area.

answer

A population is....

question

are found only in one place on the planet.

answer

Endemic species_____________.

question

What is the key mechanism maintaining genetic variation in most populations?

answer

sexual reproduction

question

The groups will probably diverge genetically, and speciation may occur.

answer

Heavy rains and mudslides cause a river to change course, isolating two groups of lizards from one another. If they remain isolated for a long period of time, ____________________.

question

An orchid endemic to a forest where logging is occurring.

answer

Which of the following would be most vulnerable to extinction?

question

the generation of broccoli and brussels sprouts from a single ancestral species.

answer

One example of artificial selection is__________________.

question

Scientists often depict their understanding of an organism's evolutionary ancestry in diagrams called________________.

answer

phylogenetic trees

question

There will be less genetic variation from recombination and a risk of not adapting quickly to environmental change.

answer

A species has evolved an asexual mode of reproduction by having offspring develop from unfertilized eggs. Which of the following will be true of this species' response to natural selection?

question

Which of the following in the broadest (most all-encompassing) level of ecological organization?

answer

the biosphere

question

A_____________is defined as the living and nonliving elements around an organism.

answer

habitat

question

What does an ecosystem ecologist study?

answer

The living and nonliving components of systems in operating in conjunction with each other.

question

Starting with the smallest level of ecological organization and moving towards the highest, the order should go organism,_______________.

answer

population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

question

If a scientist spends his time studying communities and the nonliving materials that they interact with, he or she would be called an__________________.

answer

ecosystem ecologist

question

Many interacting species that live in the same area

answer

Community

question

Communities and the abiotic material which their members interact.

answer

Ecosystems

question

specific environment in which an organism lives.

answer

habitat

question

Number of individuals within a population per unit area.

answer

Population Density

question

The process by which unrelated species acquire similar traits.

answer

Convergent Evolution

question

Species occurring in only one area.

answer

Endemic

question

The functional role of a species in its community is its___________________.

answer

Niche

question

A coyote can alter its diet to match seasonal abundance of plants, fruits, or small animals, and would therefore be considered___________________.

answer

a generalist, able to be flexible

question

To get the population size N, multiply the number marked in the first catch, M1, by the total number caught in the second catch, C, and divide that by the number of marked recaptures in the second catch, M2: N = (M1 x C) / M2 Or: (130 x 90) / 20 = 585.

answer

You are doing a mark-recapture experiment to determine the population size of the MendAliens living on an island in my back yard. Initially, you catch and mark 130 MendAliens, which you then release. Next, you capture 90 MendAliens, of which 20 are marked. What is your estimate of the population size of MendAliens living on the island in my back yard?

question

Population density is calculated as population size divided by area: 200 MendAliens / 20 hectares = 10 MendAliens per hectare.

answer

Assume there are 200 MendAliens living on an island in my back yard. If my island has an area of 20 hectares, what is the population density of MendAliens in terms of MendAliens per hectare?

question

The mark-recapture method would be best for sampling a population of______________.

answer

Sharks

question

What describes the number of individuals in a population per unti area?

answer

Population Density

question

When a scientist looks at the ________________of a population, he or she is examining the proportion of males to females in the population.

answer

sex ratio

question

(crude birth rate-crude death rate) + (immigration rate-emigration rate)

answer

What expression is used to determine the overall growth rate of a population?

question

The maximum population size that a given environment can sustain.

answer

Carrying Capacity

question

have a greater impact at higher population densities.

answer

Density-dependent factors

question

If we are not concerned about the effect of migration on population growth, the measure we could calculate is the _________________.

answer

natural rate of population growth

question

Consider a population of fish in the ocean. Which of the following would be a limiting factor for such a population?

answer

dissolved oxygen levels

question

Assuming a population grows by a fixed percentage each year, which of the following starting populations would experience the biggest increase in its population from one year to the next?

answer

2,000 individuals

question

Increase the incidence of disease transmission.

answer

High population density can________________.

question

the spatial arrangement of individuals of a single species within a particular area or ecosystem.

answer

Population distribution describes_____________________.

question

Unregulated populations tend to increase by ___________________________.

answer

exponential growth

question

include the effects of disease, predators, and food on a single species within a community.

answer

Density-dependent factors

question

are K-selected.

answer

Groups of organisms with low biotic potential, such as gray whales, _______________.

question

Population in which the probability of dying is constant at every age exemplify _______________.

answer

type II survivorship

question

An S-shaped population growth curve best describes________________.

answer

logistic growth

question

a pod of 40 migrating gray whales in the Bering Sea

answer

Which of the following would best represent a clumped population distribution pattern?

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