Safety and Accident Prevention – Flashcards
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What is Frederick Taylor's connection to the safety movement?
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Drew a connection between lost personal time and management policies and procedures.
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What impact did labor shortages in world war 2 have on the safety movement?
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It promoted workplace safety even more due to the fact that companies could not meet their labor needs.
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Explain the three E's in safety.
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Engineering, education, and enforcement.
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Explain the term integration as it relates to modern safety and health.
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By working together and drawing on their own respective areas of expertise, safety and health professionals are better able to identify, predict, control, and correct safety and health problems.
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What are the leading causes of death in the United States?
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Strokes, cancer, heart disease, and accidents.
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When the overall cost of an accident is calculated, what elements make up the cost?
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Lost wages, medical expenses, insurance administration, fire related losses, property damage, and indirect costs.
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What are the five leading causes of accidental deaths in the United States?
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Motor vehicle, falls, poisoning, drowning, and fire related.
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When death rates are classified by industry type, what are the three leading industry types?
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Agriculture, mining, and construction.
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Rank the following body parts according to frequency of injury from highest to lowest: neck, fingers, trunk, back, and eyes.
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Back, fingers, trunk, eyes, neck.
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Name three chemicals that frequently cause chemical burns in the workplace.
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Degreasers, detergents, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid.
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Identify three factors that contribute to heat burn injuries in the workplace.
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Employer has no health and safety policy regarding heat hazards, employer fails to enforce safety procedures and practices, employees fail to use or improperly use personal protection equipment, employees are careless, employees work in a limited space.
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Explain the difference between repetitive strain injury and carpal tunnel syndrome.
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RSI is a broad and generic term that encompasses a variety of injuries resulting from cumulative trauma to the soft tissues of the body usually in the hands, arms, neck, and shoulders; CTS is the area inside the wrist through which the median nerve passes, causes pain to the fingers, hand, and/or wrist.
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List five of Heinrichs Axioms of Industrial Safety.
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Injuries result from a completed series of factors, one of which is the accident itself. Most accidents are the results of unsafe behavior by people. An unsafe act by a person or an unsafe condition does not always immediately result in an accident/injury. The reasons why people commit unsafe acts can serve as helpful guides in selecting corrective actions. The supervisor is the key person in the prevention of industrial accidents.
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Explain the following concepts in the domino theory: preceding factor; central factor.
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Injuries are caused by the actions of preceding factors and removal of the central factor(unsafe act) negates the action of the preceding factors and in doing so prevents accidents and injuries.
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Explain the systems failure component of the accident/incident theory
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Policy, responsibility, training, inspection, correction, standards.
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What impact do stressors have in the systems theory?
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Can cloud the judgement of those collecting information, weighing risks, and making the decision.
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List five factors to consider before making workplace decisions that involve risk.
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Job requirements, the workers abilities and limitations, the gain if the task is successfully accomplished, the loss if the task is attempted but fails, the loss if the task is not attempted.
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Explain the connection between obesity and injuries.
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More likely to result in accidents such as overexertion and falls.
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What is the difference between a staff and a line position
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Line authority means that the safety and health manager has authority over and supervises certain employees. Staff authority means that the safety and health manager is the staff person responsible for a certain function, but he or she has no line authority over others involved with that function.
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How can safety and health managers become certified in their profession?
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Formal education.
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Explain how the design process can affect safety?
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By producing products with safety built into them.
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What types of engineers are most likely to work as design engineers?
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Industrial engineers.
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What specific strengths may environmental engineers bring to the safety and health team?
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The course work they take is particularly relevant since all of it relates either directly or indirectly to health.
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What is health physicist?
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Concerned primarily with radiation in the workplace.
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Describe the job of the occupational physician.
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Fully degreed and licensed medical doctors.
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Explain the role of the ergonomist.
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Ergonomists are concerned with the safety and efficiency of equipment, systems and transportation.
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Define the term competitiveness.
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The ability to consistently succeed and prosper in the marketplace whether it is local, regional, national, or global.
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State two rules of thumb that explain how to recognize declining productivity.
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Output declines, and input is constant; or output is constant, but input increases
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State two rules of thumb that explain how to recognize improving productivity.
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Output is constant, but input decreases; or output increases, and input is constant.
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Define the term quality.
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A measure of the extent to which a product or service meets or exceeds customer expectations.
