Roman History Test – Flashcards
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Diocletian
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Roman Emperor. In 284 CE, he set out to restore order. He divided the government into two parts, made many reforms: fixed prices of goods, sons had to follow in fathers occupation, forced farmers to remain on their land.
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Maximian
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Diocletian's co-emperor. Ruled the western provinces. Diocletian's partner
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inflation
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rapid rise in prices
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Constantine
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Roman Emperor. Talented general. Gained the throne in 312 CE. Granted toleration toward Christians. Established a new capital in Byzantium. Continued Diocletian's reforms.
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Constantinople
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old Byzantium, capital
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Germanic Peoples
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lived east of Rhine and north of the Danube rivers. Attacked Rome, and later became allies.
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Huns
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nomadic people who migrated from central Asia to Eastern Europe in 370 CE. They were skilled rider who fought to dislodge the Germanic Peoples.
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Visogoths
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crossed Roman's territory. seeked safety. Germanic. EAST.
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Ostragoths
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Germanic, crossed Roman's territory, seeked saftey. WEST.
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Vandals
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Germanic, moved through Gaul and Spain to North Africa. SOUTH.
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Attila
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Hun leader. "Scourge of God"- punishment for sins of humankind.
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Odoacer
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Germanic leader who ousted the emperor in Rome in 476 CE
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Mercenaries
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People who were paid to fight. Usually foreign, weren't loyal to country.
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370 CE
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Huns migrate from central Asia to Eastern Europe
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378 CE
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Roman army tried to turn back the Visogoths, but they suffered
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410 CE
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Visogoth general, Alaric, overran Italy and plundered Rome
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434 CE
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Attila led a conquest across Europe- invasion sent more Germanic people to the Roman Empire
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476 CE
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Odoacer- led to the "fall" of Rome
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Marcus Aurelius
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ruled between 96- 180 CE
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Circes Maximus
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Rome's largest racecourse
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"bread and circuses"
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government provided free grain for the poor
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Mystery Religion
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small religious groups that promised different rewards;emphasized secret rituals
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messiah
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appointed king sent by god
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jewish revolt
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66 CE jewish rebellion against rome
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apostles
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Jesus' 12 disciples (followers)
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Zealots
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not open minded to other ideas; group of jews in palestine apposed to roman rule
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96 CE- 180 CE
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Marcus came to power
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31 BCE - 180 CE
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Pax Romana
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31 BC- 14 CE
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eAgustus in power
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380 - 390 CE
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christianity became the official roman religion
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63 CE
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Romans conquered judea( southern part of palestine)
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66 CE
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jewish discontent led to rebelion
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4 BCE
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Jesus born in Bethleham
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284 CE
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Diocletion made Reforms
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Agustus
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"Exalted One" who ruled over the Roman republic until AD 14 with reforms such as the census
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cencus
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Population count
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Pax Romana
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The 200 year span that began with Augustus and ended with Marcus Aurelius and was a time of "Roman Peace"
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republic
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a government in which the people choose some of the officials
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patrician
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members of the landowning upper class
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plebeians
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the farmers, merchants, ect. class (basically the middle class)
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consul
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the two people in the Roman senate who would supervise business of the government and command army (served for one year)
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dictator
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ruler who had complete control over the government
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Cincinnatus
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he was a model dictator who organized the Roman army and led them to victory
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tribune
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the elected leaders of the Plebeians who had the right to veto laws
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veto
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to reject a decision or proposal by a law making body
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legion
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Roman military unit that had 500 men
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800 BCE
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Latins migrate to Italy
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Etruscans
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the people who the Romans shared the peninsula of Italy with and lived North of Rome (Romans adapted their alphabet, architecture, and some Gods from them)
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509 BCE
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Romans overthrow Etruscan ruler
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Hannibal
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Carthaginian general who led his army from the Pyrenees to Italy winning many battles during the second Punic War
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Scipio
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the Roman general who drove Hannibal back to Carthage
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imperialism
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the belief in establishing control over foreign lands and people by expanding power
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latifundia
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huge estate that slaves worked on
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Tiberias Gracchus
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elected tribune in 133 BCE and attempted to reform by distributing land to the poor
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Gaius Gracchus
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elected tribune in 143 BCE and attempted to reform by using public funds to buy grain and feed the poor
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Julius Caesar
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Roman military commander who ruled for 4 years and then murdered because they thought he was going to make himself king
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264 BCE - 146 BCE
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Punic Wars
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Punic War #1
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Rome defeated Carthage and won the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia
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Punic War #2
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Carthage wanted revenge so the Carthaginian general Hannibal led to Italy winning many battles but unable to make it to Rome because Scipio drove him back to Carthage
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Punic War #3
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Rome completely destroyed Carthage and Rome became the masters of the Western World
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133 BCE
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Rome had control from Spain to Egypt
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58 BCE
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Julius Caesar conquered Gaul
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48 BCE - 44 BCE
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Julius Caesar had control of Roman government and he encouraged many reforms during this time
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44 BCE
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Caesar murdered
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City of God
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a book that augustine wrote that said the city of god was the entire spiritual community
