RM FINAL EXAM REVIEW 3
14 December 2020
question
A study reports finding a \”significant\” difference between group means. What should we conclude about this report?
answer
To fully assess the importance and impact of the results, we must also have information about the overlap of distributions.
question
The larger the effect size, the:
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less two distributions overlap
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Cohen’s d measure effect size in term of:
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Standard Deviation
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By increasing statistical power, the probability of making a _____ error is ______.
answer
Type II; decreased
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Why are effect sizes rather than test statistics used when comparing study results?
answer
Using effect sizes, which are not affected by sample size, rather than test statistics, which are influenced by sample size, provides a fair comparison.
question
A cohen’s D of -.85 is what type of effect size?
answer
Large
question
Which of the following represents the measure of effect size that is used for a one-way ANOVA and its interpretation?
answer
R^2: the amount of variance in the DV explained by the IV
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Which of the following symbols represents the standard deviation of a sample?
answer
s
question
There are five factors that impact power. What are they?
answer
1. Sample size 2. Standard deviation 3. Change the significance level (from .05 to .06) 4. Having a one tailed test vs a two tailed test. 5. increasing or decreasing alpha
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Hypothesis testing tells us:
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What results are significant, but it does not indicate anything about the importance of the significance.
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Increasing sample size:
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increases the likelihood that we will reject the null hypothesis.
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Concerning \”authorship\” in psychological research, the order of authors is predominantly a function of:
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Creative contribution
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Measure of effect size:
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are unaffected by sample size.
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Cohen’s D is the
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standardized difference between the group means.
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What does R^2 measure?
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Effect size through variance: variability in scores.
question
The act of publishing the same data and results in more than one journal or publications refers to which of the following professional issues:
answer
Duplicate publication
question
Imagine that a study of memory and aging finds that younger participants correctly recall 55% of studied words, older participants correctly recall 42% of studied words, and the size of this effect is Cohen’s d = .49. This effect size indicates that the memory performance of:
answer
Older participants is approximately half a standard deviation below that of younger participants.
question
Before hypothesis testing and at the beginning of a study, a researcher is advised to conduct a(n) ____ because it _____.
answer
Power analysis; tells the researcher the number of participants needed for trustworthy results.
question
In class, we discussed the case of Diederick Stapel, the Dutch social psychologist who faked data regarding behavior in littered vs. Clean environment which ultimately resulted in the retraction of at least 55 publications. The best way to describe his scientific misconduct is:
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Fabricating data
question
Which of the following appear on the APA style title page?
answer
Title, author, author’s note/byline
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Major headings, such as \”results\” and \”Discussion\” are usually ____ in the manuscript.
answer
Centered, bold
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The abstract of a copy manuscript is usually on the _____ page.
answer
second
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What type of figure is most appropriate when examining only one variable?
answer
Histogram (frequency table)
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Which of the following is the appropriate order of sections in an APA style manuscript?
answer
Abstract, Intro, Method, Results, Discussion, References
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The typical acceptable manuscript gets published as a journal article ____ after it has been written and submitted after about…
answer
a year or more.
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Which of the following would be the best way to display data about the relationship between length of the study time and test scores?
answer
Scatterplot
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One of the major advantages of a poster presentation relative to an oral presentation is that posters tend to:
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be more interactive and intimate
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Arguably the easiest way to increase statistical power, and the most common approach, is to:
answer
Increase N