question

The shift from using wood as a source of fuel to coal was caused

answer

by a decline in local supplies of wood.

question

The remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms is commonly referred to as

answer

fossil fuel.

question

In order for a nation to participate in the Industrial Revolution, they had to have

answer

a source of coal

question

Which country has the highest per capita energy use for transportation?

answer

United States

question

The price of a liter of gasoline is determined by

answer

All of these are correct. the cost of processing crude oil into gasoline,the cost of purchasing crude oil, and state and federal taxes.

question

Ethanol is produced through the fermentation of

answer

All of these are correct. sugarcane, wheat, sugar beet, corn.

question

The first transfer of energy on Earth occurs

answer

during photosynthesis

question

Which form of coal is relatively abundant and most widely used?

answer

bituminous

question

Liquefied natural gas is formed

answer

by subjecting natural gas to-162°C

question

Hydroelectric power plants are most commonly located near

answer

artificial reservoirs

question

The term "mining heat" refers to which power source?

answer

geothermal

question

Solar, geothermal, and tidal energy are forms of

answer

renewable resources

question

Environmental problems associated with large hydroelectric dams include

answer

loss of fertile farmland, destruction of aquatic communities, and relocation of people

question

The best sites for tidal hydroelectric plants are

answer

bays with narrow openings

question

Environmental problems associated with wind power are:

answer

hazardous to birds, vibrations cause structural problems, and noise and visual pollution

question

The price of a liter of gasoline is determined by

answer

All of these are correct. the cost of processing crude oil into gasoline, the cost of purchasing crude oil, and state and federal taxes.

question

Choose the correct historical sequence of fuel use in the U.S. from 1800 to the present.

answer

wood, coal, oil, gas

question

Almost all electrical energy is produced as a result of

answer

burning fossil fuels.

question

What type of currently available car engine is the only one with zero emissions?

answer

electric

question

Which fossil fuel is the most abundant?

answer

coal

question

Coal, oil and natural gas make up ___ of the energy consumed worldwide.

answer

80%

question

Which type of coal has the least amount of moisture and the greatest amount of fixed carbon?

answer

anthracite

question

Which of the following processes involves removing materials from the top of a vein of coal to get to the coal beneath?

answer

surface mining

question

Deposits of plant materials formed in bogs are known as:

answer

peat

question

The world's fastest growing energy resource in the 1990s was

answer

wind

question

Some forms of electromagnetic radiation are

answer

All of these are correct. X-rays, light, and radio waves.

question

Uranium mining and milling waste contains low levels of

answer

radioactive materials

question

The first goal for developing nuclear energy was to

answer

produce bombs.

question

What is the name of the process in which the fuel is removed from a nuclear plant, its surfaces are cleaned, and people are permanently prevented from coming in contact with the building?

answer

decommissioning

question

As fission occurs in a nuclear reactor the concentration of U-235 atoms

answer

decreases.

question

Which of the following is NOT a form of energy released from nuclear disintegration?

answer

delta

question

Which of the following is NOT a part of the nuclear fuel cycle?

answer

gas cooling of the reactor

question

Biological effects of ionizing radiation include

answer

All of these are correct. damage to DNA, mutations, and damage to molecules in cells.

question

Which of the following cancers is strongly linked to increased radiation exposure?

answer

leukemia

question

Current development and construction of nuclear power plants is occurring mostly in

answer

Asia.

question

What type of cancer in children has now been found to be associated with Chernobyl?

answer

thyroid

question

Biodiversity is a broad term used to describe the

answer

All of these are correct. diversity of genes, diversity of species, diversity of ecosystems.

question

Complete extinction occurs when

answer

all individuals of a species are eliminated.

question

The number one cause of extinction is

answer

habitat fragmentation and loss.

question

Genetic diversity is influenced by which of the following?

answer

All of these are correct migration, mutation, sexual reproduction

question

Which harvesting method allows cutting of mature trees without damaging the forest?

answer

selective harvesting

question

Which of the following is NOT a technique for managing wildlife?

answer

introduction of exotic species

question

Species are more likely to become extinct if they

answer

have both a low population density and reproductive rate.

question

Which of the following causes desertification?

answer

overgrazing and cutting of trees for firewood

question

The taxonomic group that displays the greatest biodiversity is

answer

insects.

question

Early towns were usually built

answer

near rivers, lakes, and oceans.

question

Which of the following encouraged suburban growth?

answer

rising automobile usage

question

The impacts of urban sprawl include

answer

increased congestion, air pollution, and loss of habitat.

question

Development along transportation routes is referred to as

answer

ribbon sprawl.

question

Which term describes the movement of large plates on the surface of the Earth?

answer

plate tectonics

question

__________ increases the decomposition rate of organic matter.

answer

High temperatures

question

Which soil profile contains material leached from other horizons?

answer

B

question

Soil compaction

answer

reduces the amount of air, water, and space available to roots.

question

Land has characteristics that influence how it can be used, including

answer

soil, climate, and degree of slope.

question

By avoiding excessive tillage, soil quality is enhanced by

answer

minimizing loss of organic matter.

question

Soil conservation or quality management practices include

answer

contour and strip farming.

question

Which of the following do plants need to live?

answer

All of these are correct water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen

question

Organisms affect the soil in which of the following ways?

answer

All of these are correct by releasing nutrients, by burrowing, and through decomposition

question

Decaying organic material is called

answer

Humus

question

Soil erosion is linked to which of the following environmental issues?

answer

water pollution

question

Sustainable agriculture utilizes methods that

answer

do not deplete soil, water, air, or wildlife resources.

question

"Organically grown" is a legally defined term which requires that

answer

organic farms be certified, organic farms must increase soil fertility, and prohibits the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.

question

Which is a typical method used by organic farmers to control pests?

answer

predator or beneficial insects such as the ladybug (ladybird beetle)

question

A genetically modified organism has had one or more

answer

genes altered.

question

The Green Revolution refers to

answer

the introduction of new plant varieties and farming methods during the 1950s and 1960s

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of a perfect pesticide?

answer

All of these are correct a short-life, affect only target organisms, and would be inexpensive

question

DDT is an example of a(n)

answer

insecticide.

question

Which of the following factors is NOT characteristic of a species likely to become extinct?

answer

generalized niche

question

Which is the greatest cause of extinction?

answer

habitat alteration

question

A sustainable community seeks to protect and enhance the environment by

answer

valuing and protecting the diversity of nature.

question

Vacant urban industrial and commercial sites are referred to as

answer

brown fields.

question

The major problem on federal rangelands is

answer

overgrazing.

question

Characteristics of high-performance green buildings are

answer

All of these are correct low flow water fixtures, and location near public transportation, and native vegetation used in landscaping.

question

Two processes which chemically alter parent material are

answer

oxidation and hydrolysis.

question

Soil building begins with the physical fragmentation of layers of rock known as

answer

parent material.

question

Organisms affect the soil in which of the following ways?

answer

All of these are correct by releasing nutrients, by burrowing, and through decomposition

question

Beneficial insects are used in agriculture because they

answer

prey on pest insects.

question

Increased crop yields in the U.S. are the result of

answer

All of these are correct improved agricultural methods, more efficient machinery, and the application of fertilizers.

question

Fossil fuels are liquid deposits of iron ore found only in sedimentary rock formations.

answer

False

question

The higher the price of energy, the more expensive goods and services become.

answer

True

question

In North America roughly 5% of the world's population consumes 40% of the gasoline produced in the world by private automobile use.

answer

True

question

Black lung disease is a hazard of working on oil rigs.

answer

False

question

The primary problem associated with natural gas is transport of the gas to consumers.

answer

True

question

The primary limitation of solar energy is the lack of money needed to fund such projects.

answer

False

question

Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic material, living organisms, air, and water.

answer

True

question

All reactors contain a core of fuel, a moderator to control the rate of the reaction, and a cooling mechanism.

answer

True

question

Nuclear fission is the splitting of electrons in the outer shell of an atom.

answer

False

question

Fragmentation of soil particles occurs from freezing and thawing of water within soil pores and cracks.

answer

True

question

Most experts feel that the best solution for permanent disposal of high-level nuclear waste is to bury it in a stable geologic formation.

answer

True

question

With increasing oil costs, global warming issues, and other factors, interest in nuclear power has returned in some countries.

answer

True

question

Land is a renewable resource because it can be formed by natural processes.

answer

False

question

As a result of unplanned development, floodplains and wetlands are often mismanaged.

answer

True

question

Land that can not be cultivated will not be productive for other uses.

answer

False

question

As towns became larger, surrounding farmland became suburbia.

answer

True

question

Loam soil is primarily clay with small amounts of sand and silt.

answer

False

question

Fertilizers do not alter soil characteristics.

answer

False

question

Monoculture farming is the best method to use to prevent soil erosion.

answer

False

question

Currently, the most successful commercial design for harnessing and using solar energy to produce electricity is the parabolic trough.

answer

True

question

Persistent pesticides decompose quickly and present less of an environmental hazard.

answer

False

question

Polyculture is a process where different species of plants are grown together in the same place at the same time.

answer

True

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